co

f^

RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

RELIOUI.E ANTIOUyE.

SC R APS

FROM

ANCIENT MANUSCRIPTS,

ILLUSTRATING CHIEFLY

EARLY ENGLISH LITERATURE

AND THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

EDITED BY

THOMAS WRIGHT, Esq. M. A., F. S. A.

AND

JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, Esq.F.R.S.,F.S.A.

VOL. I.

.^k'

(b{

LONDON :

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH,
4, OLD COMPTON STREET, SOHO SQUARE.

MDCCCXLV,

PR

150

V I

TO
SIR THOMAS PHILLIPPS, BART.

THIS VOLUME IS INSCRIBED,
A TESTIMONY OF RESPECT

FROM HIS

HUMBLE, FAITHFUL, AND OBLIGED SERVANTS,
THE EDITORS.

PREFACE.

The object of the publication, the first vohime of which is
now laid before the pubHc, is to collect together such pieces
from ancient inedited manuscripts illustrative of the hterature
and languages of our forefathers during the middle ages, as are
not of sufficient extent to form books by themselves, and from
their want of connection, do not easily find a place in other
coUections. To those whose attention has been given to the
subject, it is unnecessary to say that these shorter pieces are
often of much greater importance than those which are more
extensive. The larger proportion of them are in the Enghsh
language, in some of the stages through which it passed from
the pure Anglo-Saxon to the form in which we now speak it ;
but from the nature of the subject, a fragment has occasionally
been admitted in Latin and Anglo-Norman, languages which
were once as famihar to our countrymen as their own ver-
nacular tongue.

The Editors of the Reliqui^ Antiqu.e are unwilHng to
neglect the opportunity now aiForded of returning thanks for
the hberal support their periodical has received from the
Antiquarian pubUc — a support so unusual in works of this
nature that they have been induced to extend the pulilication

IV.

beyond the first volume, -which was the limit originally in-
tended. On their parts no exertions will be spared to render
the work still more worth}' of the encouragement it has
received.

It is only necessary to add that the sole aim of the Editors
has been to render materials available to others, and on this
account they have carefuUy avoided any lengthened notes or
comments on the documents here printed. They again call the
attention of those who take interest in these subjects to this
plan, and earnestly invite their aid. In the course of the
present volume they have been materially assisted by the
communications of Sir Henry Elhs, Sir Frederick Madden,
the Rev. Joseph Hunter, W. B. D. D. Turnbull, Esq., John
Bruce, Esq., the Rev. J. J. Smith, S. Charles, Esq., G. J.
Aungier, Esq., E. H. Hunter, Esq., and others : to these
gentlemen they beg to return their best acknowledgments.

Dec. 'mh, 1840.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

SONGS FROM MANUSCRIPTS AT CAMBRIDGE.

I.

From the University Library MS. Ff. 5, 48, Art. 23, written on paper,
about the beginning of the fifteenth century. There is perhaps no part of
popular superstition so curious as the worship of wells, of which many
traces remain even to the present day, of which this song is a remarkable
illustration. The fairs, or wahes, in our country villages, often originated
from the custom of " waking the well."

I have forsworne hit whil I Hfe, to wake the well.

The last tyme I the wel woke,
Sir John caght me Avith a croke,
He raade me to swere be bel and boke
I shuld not teU.

3et he did me a wel wors turne,
He leyde my hed agayn the burne,
He gafe my mayden-hed a spurne,

And refe my belJ.
Sir John came to oure hows to play,
Fro evensong tyme til Hght of the day ;
We made as mery as flowres in May,

I was begyled.
Sir John he came to our hows,
He made hit wonder copious,
He seyd that I was gracious

To beyre a child.
I go with childe, ^\'el I wot,
I schrew the feder that hit gate,
With-owten he fynde hit mylke and pape,
«r A long while ey.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU.E.

11.

From Trinity CoUege Library, MS. R, 3, 19, containing Poems chiefly by
Lydgate and Chaucer, written in tliereign of Henry VI. on paper.

Men may leve all gamys,
That saylen to Seynt Jamys ;
Ffor many a man hit gramys,

When they begyn to sayle.

Ffor when they have take the see,
At Sandwyche, or at Wynchylsee,
At Brystow, or where that hit bee,

Theyr herts begyn to fayle.

Anone the mastyr commaundeth fast
To hys shyp-men in all the hast,
To dresse hem sone about the mast,

Theyr takelyng to make.

With "howe! hissa!" then they cry,

" What, howe ! mate, thow stondyst to ny,

Thy felow may nat hale the by ;"

Thus they begyn to crake.

A boy or tweyn anone up-styen,

And overthwart the sayle-yerde lyen ; — •

" Y how! taylia!" the remenaunt cryen,

And pull with all theyr myght.

" Bestowe the boote, bote-swayne, anon,
That our pylgryms may pley thereon ;
For som ar lyke to cowgh and grone,

Or hit be full mydnyght."

" Hale the bowelyne ! now, vere the shete ! —
Cooke, make redy anoon our mete,
Our pylgryms have no lust to ete,

I pray God yeve hem rest."

" Go to the helm ! what, howe ! no nere ?
Steward, felow ! a pot of bere 1"
" Ye shall have, sir, Avith good chere,
Anone all of the best."

" Y howe ! trussa ! hale in the brayles !
Thow halyst nat, be God, thow fayles,
O se howe well owre good shyp sayles !"
And thus they say among.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

*' Hale in the wartake ! " " Hit shal be done."
" Steward ! cover the boorde anone,
And set bred and salt thereone,

And tarry nat so long."

Then cometh oone and seyth, " be mery ;
Ye shall have a storme or a pery."
" Holde thow thy pese ! thow canst no whery,
Thow medlyst wondyr sore."

Thys mene whyle the pylgryms ly,
And have theyr bowlys fast theym by,
And cry aftj^r hote malvesy,

" Thow helpe for to restore."

And som wold have a saltyd tost,

Ffor they myght ete ney ther sode ne rost ;

A man myght sone pay for theyr cost,

As for 00 day or twayne.

Som layde theyr bookys on theyr kne,
And rad so long they myght nat se ; —
" Allas I myne hede woll cleve on thre ! "

Thus seyth another certayne.

Then commeth owre owner lyke a lorde,
And speketh many a royall worde,
And dresseth hym to the hygh borde,

To see all thyng be well.
Anone he calleth a carpentere,
And byddjth hym bryng with hym hys gere,
To make the cabans here and there,

With many a febyll cell.

A sak of strawe were there ryght good,
Ffor som must lyg theym in theyr hood ;
I had as lefe be in the wood,

Without mete or drynk.
For when that we shall go to bedde,
The pumpe was nygh our bedde hede,
A man Avere as good to be dede

As smell therof the stynk.

Explicit.
He that wyll in Eschepe ete a goose so fat,

With harpe, pype, and song ;
He must slepe in Newgate on a mat,

Be the nyght never so long.

Secimdum Aristotelem.

RELIQUIjE ANTIQUiE.

III.

From the University Library, MS. Ee. 1, 12, containing an English
meirical version of the Psalms, said in the MS. to have been written
in A. D. 1342, on vellum, but the MS. itself evidently belongs to the
fifteenth century.

The fals fox camme unto owre croft,
And so oure gese ful fast he sought ;

With, how, fox, how, with hey, fox, hey ;

Comme no more unto oure howse to bere oure gese
The fals fox camme unto oure stye, [aweye.

And toke oure gese there by and by ;
With how, etc.

The fals fox camme into oure yerde,
And there he made the gese aferde ;
With how, etc.

The fals fox camme unto oure gate,
And toke oure gese there where they sate ;
With how, fox, etc.

The fals foxe camme to owre halle dore ;
And shrove oure gese there in the flore ;
With how, fox, etc.

The fals fox camme into oure halle,
And assoyled oure gese both grete and small ;
With how, fox, etc.

The fals fox camme unto oure cowpe,
And there he made our gese to stowpe ;

With how, fox, etc.

He toke a gose fast by the nek,
And the goose thoo begann to quek ;

With how, fox, etc.

The good wyfe camme out in her smok,
And at the fox she threw hir rok ;

With how, fox, etc.

The good mann camme out with his flayle,
And smote the fox upon the tayle ;

With how, fox, etc.

He threw a gose upon his bak,
And furth he went thoo with his pak ;
With how, etc.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE. O

The goodmann swore, yf that he myght,
He wolde hym slee or it were nyght,

With how, fox, etc.

The fals fox went into his denne,
And there he was full merv thenne ;

With how, fox, etc.

He camme ayene yet the next wek,
And toke awey both henne and chek ;

With how, fox, etc.

The goodman saide unto his wyfe,
This fals fox lyveth a mery lyfe ;

With how, fox, etc.

The fals fox camme uponn a day,
And with oure gese he made a ffray.

With how, fox, how, etc.

He toke a goose fast by the nek,
And made her to sey wheccumquek,

With how, etc.

" I pray the, fox, " said the goose thoo,
" Take of my fethers but not of my to. "

With how, etc.

These two last lines are mucli defaced in the M3. and have been added
by another hand, possibly because they were originally carried up to the
next leaf, and then defaced to make way for something else.

Hllli

CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT
NATIONS.

From MS. Cotton. Vespas B. xiii. fol. 123. r». written about the middle
of the thirteenth century, in England.

Italici quse non sacra sunt et quae sacra vendunt ;
Allobrogas de perfidia cuncti reprehendunt ;
Teuthonici vix Catholici, nullius amici ;
Gens, tibi, Flandrena, cibus est et potus avena ;
Gens Normannigena fragili nutritur avena,
Subdola, ventosa, mendax, levis, invidiosa ;
Vincere mos est Francigenis, nec sponte nocere ;
Prodere dos Normannigenis belloque pavere ;
Alvernus cantat, Brito notat, Anglia potat.

RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY

L

Middle English glosses, selected from a verbal commentary on tlie Latin
Missal and Liber Festivalis of the Romish Church. The MS. preserved in
the coUection of J. O. Ilalliwell, Esq. (MS. Hal. No. 210), appears to have
been written in the latter half of the fourteenth century, and many of the
words are explained in English.

frutex, undirglowyng.
benignus in loquela, goode to

speke with.
conor -aris, strengthe. '

mitigo, to swage. (13, r°)
torqueSf a pillyre.
sidcm, a forow. (13, v°)
rusticatio, boystesnes,
litigo, to stryve.
pusillanimus , of a nele wylle.
discipulatus, a discipylhod.

(14, r°)
marceo, to welke, sicut flores.
marcidus, welked.
emerceo, to wex drie and wel-

kynge.
capra argrestis, a wyld gote.
turho, the qwyrlewynde.
cacahus, a panne. [(14, V)
contumax, sturdie. (15, r°)
excidit, hewe.
tinea, a mowthe. (15, v°)
calliditas, a queyntyse or a

slythe.
cirpus, a rusche. (16, r°)
arrogans, to bostere.
incus, anvelt. (16, v°)
relegare, to exilen. (17, r°)
adjurare, to othe.
lento gradu, softe goynge.
inquietudo, unreste. (19, r°)
ohsides, presoners, or a thing
that is layde to wedde.(19,v°)

merenda, nonemete, (fol. 1, v°)

ohsonium, a wakemete.

tituhare, to wagge, (2, v°)

cespitare, to stumble.

vihrare, to schake.

nutare, to stoupe.

vacillare, to wagge, sicut navis
in aqua.

vallum est inter murum et
fossam, a paale. (5, r°)

vallis, a waley.

trituro, to thresche, (6, v°)

digere paulisper vinum quo
mades, defye the wyn of the
wheche thou art dronken,
and wexist sobre. (8, r°)

linum, flex.

lignum, wode.

timpanum, a tabor, (8, v°)

presto, I am redy.

nudiustertius , thre dayes gone.

nates, the bottokes. (9, r°)

accidit, happuthe.

vecordia, cowardnes. (10, v°)

mentum, the chyne.
funda, a sclynge.

alioquin, ellis. (11, r°)

cavella, a wege.

compelli, to be constreyned.

. (11, v°)

investigare, to spere.

panissinefermento,{\iexihxee^.

amplicitus, y-put to, (12, v°)

RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

jjhiola, a cruet.

paulus, i. ludus, a marrys, or a

myere. (21, v°)
saltus, a launde.
sartago, a friyngpanne.
penso, to thenke. (23, r°)
internus, withinnen.
complexus, foldon to-gidere.
invito, to bydde.
devito, to scheuen or eschuen.
infimus, aldyrlowest. (23, v°)
cautius, queyntlyer.
circum vallahunt, be-segen

abowtyne. (24, r°)
perfide, of mysbeleve.
recenta michi hunc ciphum,

rynce this cuppe. (27, v°)
hirundo, a swalow. (28, r°)
hirudo, a watere leche.
arundo, a rede.
vomere, a schare.
falx, a sikyl or a sithe.
pedica, a snare. (34, v°)
torcular, a pressure. (36, v°)
scurra, a harlotte. (37, v°)
scurrilitas, a harlotrye.
servitus, servage.
7iummularius, a changeour.

(40, r°)
aheolum, a trouht. (42, r°)
pinso, to knede pastam.
condensus, thekke. (42, v°)
exprobrare, to chyde. (43, r°)
sertuni, a garlounde.
sindo, sendel. (45, v°)
concitaverunt turbam, stirryd

the folke.
cribrum, a cyve. (46, r°)
pelvis, a bacyne. (46, v°)
lavacrum, a lavour.
diluculum, the morow-tyde.
fax, a broonde of f}'ere.
contextus, y-woven. (47, v°)
hissus, qwite silke. (48, r°)
linum, lyne.
contumacia, a sturdynesse.

(48, v°)

spina, a thorne or a rigge-bone.
cervus, an herte. (49, r°)
fermentum, i. pasta amara,

sour-dogh. (49, v*)
detraho, to bakbite. (50 v°)
comisceo, to menge. (51, r°)
comissura, a mengynge.
utres, botells.
collaterales, costrells. (de cute

dic utres, de ligno colla-

terales.)
lorica, a habergeon.
galea, a hehne.

litus, brynke of the see. (52, v°)
parasitus, a gloton. (54, v°)
adipatum est quodlibet edulum

adip)e inpinguatum, brow-

esse.
efficaciter, spedfully. (56, r°)
lippus, bler-yed.
luscus, one-yede.
vas cum quo seminatores se-

minant, a sedelepe or a ho-

pere. (58, r°)
vas in quo pinsitur pasta, a

cowele or a sake.
talentum, a besaunte. (58, v°)
numisma,\h& coyne of the rene.
squama, a scale or a pile.

(60, v°)
jusjurandum, a othe unswore.

(64, v°)
mola, a grynstone. (65, r°)
ventagile, a Avyndmyhie.
taxus, a brokke. (67, r°)
taxus, ewe.

discordia, contake. (67, v°)
monile, a broche. (69, r°)
sors, a kut or a lotte. (72, v°)
excessus, out passynge.
camus, quoddam instrumentum

quo equi per labia coguntur

domite stare, barnakyls.
lubricum, sHdere.
gratis, self wylly, i. sine causa.
exprobrare, to a-breyde.
inops, nedful.

8

RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

egenus, pore.
molestus, angri.
euge, euge, scornynge.
confusio, scham.
reverentia, drede.
disperire, to myscarie. (73, r°)
molas, tuskes. (73, v")
statera, a balaunce. (74, r°)
scrutor, to ransake.
pallor, a palnesse.
prodigium, a marvel.
confusi, schamede.
calumpnior, a chalanger.
securis, an axe. (74, v°)
ascia, a d^^se.
his acutum, a twybille.
mansuetus, stylle.
exercitatus sum, I am usyde.
scopare, to swepe.
xana, a paddoke.
nisiquia, bot for qwhi. (75, r°)
herenacius, an urchone. (76, r°)
conturnix, a corlu.
transgrediens, trispassyng.

(76, v°)
m^/ia auri et argenti, milyons

ofgoldeand of silvere.(77,r°)
illuc, thedirwarde.
forsitan, peraventure.
torrens, a storme.
novellce, ymps, quse crescunt

de radicibus arborum vel

arboribus inseruntur.
minus prorectus, noht borne up

be conynge. (78, r°)
nodosarum dictionum, clubid

wordis.
patihulum, a gibet.
prcBses, a meyre.
insanus, wode.
audacia, hardines.
excluderet, sch\\'lde scheten

owte.
extenderet, schulde spredyn

oute.
fatigatu^,y-mBidewevy. (78,v°)

ajigi, y-stikyd to.
trudi, to be schetyn.
eculium, galows.
crehrescentihus, waxyng
acsi, aste. [thikke.

fortassis, happylyche.
civis, a burgeys. (79, r°)
assiduitate, a bysynes.
jorohitas, prowes.
assolet, is wont.
limina, thresschefolde.
stropha, a sleyghte.
joro5//w/^,skyppid-owte.(79,v°)
prcesilire, to passe forthe.
fuhus, bloo.
siste gradum, abide thor at

grees.
calliditate, be sleyth or be a

covetys.
valva, a wyket. (80, r°)
dolopes, dussiperes.
poples, the ham of the leg.
cervicem,i\\e copof the hevede.
limates, anoymentis.
exsummatim, aboven.
ignari, nothe wytynge.
insecutus, nexstsuyng. (80, v°)
decidit, fel don.
attentius, bysyliere.
meatus, a goyn-owte.
difp-cultas, sleyght.
apparatus, aparaeh'ng.
comes, an erle. (81, v°)
comitatus, a schyre.
sinceriter, clerliche. (82, r°)
tenaciter, holdynglyche.
sanitas, hoolness.
pulsatus, pute awaye.
prcedia, maners. (82, v°)
lixinum, lye, cum quo vestes

lavantur. (83, r°)
in foro venali, in the saale

market.
evenit, happid. (84, r°)
proalla, a porche.
caminus, a chymnei.

RELIQUliE ANTIQU.E.

fornax, a fornayse.
instrumentum acl hauriendam

aqiiam in troclea, a wyndas.

(84, v«)
giraculum, quidam ludus puer-

orum, a spilquerene.
situla, a boket.
insitus, 3'[nijpyt to. (85, r°)
lancesferreas, barris of yrene.
magicus, tregetowrs, s.falsus,

fctivus, deceptorius.
cegre, slowlyche. (85, v**)

innatus, growne with-inne.

(91, v°)
pedissequa, a fote-mayden.
blandiens, glosyng. [(92, r°)
inolevit, clefe to, or ^ef entent.

(92, v°)
tempics maturum, i. oportu-

7ium, conabil.
tempore congruo, conabil tyme.
acsi, as thei.
integritas, holnesse.
cerum, i. quidamliquor, qwhey.

panis crihrarius, cribil-brede. fulvus, blo. (93, v°) [(93, r°)

pluscula, a blayne.

indies, fro day to day. (86, v°)

blandimentum, a flaterynge,

or a glosyng.
singulus, i. unus per se, sun-

derly. (87, r°)
vadum, a fortlie.
obses, a borow.
intererat, it be-fallys.
mollescere, to wax nesche.
insitus, ympyd. (87, v°)
surreptio, a nowndir crepynge.
recusatus, forsakyng. (83, i°)

vulva (ventris), a wyket.
consuevit, was wonte. (94, r°)
gregatim, flokynglyche.
agrestis, wylde.
asellus sternitur, i. insellatur,

y-sadeld, vel herneyseyd.
insensatus, wytlese.
pecten, a comebe.
cataracta, a catarac of the

ethere, i. via subterranea.
parentela, kynred. (94, v°)
excidi, kyt-away.
acrior, bitterrer. (95, r°)

subarro, i. latenter clare, to jef volutare, to weltyr.

privyly eernys, (89, v°) insertus, ympyd in to. (95, v°)

dextrotirium. a by of golde an- querulare, to playne.

ornyng the ryght arme. toloncum, a tolbothe. (96, v°)

soZia^wfZo, a bysynesse. (90, v°) fatigatus, y-taried.

resolutus, unlesde. (91, v°)
efficax, spedeful.
crejjitans, sparklyng.
quadragena, a qwyppe.

eminentior, more semyng.
efficacitas, spedfulnesse.
gentilitas, paynemerye.
dcmentia, Avodenes.

II.

Aiiglo Saxon glosses, from two leaves of a Prosper of apparently early in
the uinth century, loosely bound up, in M3. Cotton. Tib- A. vii, fol. 165,
166. The first k-af begins with Prosperi Kpigramma xc, line 3, (Opera, fol.
Par. 1711, p. G69 ) and ends with Epigram. xciii. The second !eaf contains
the last line of the last Epigram. (Ep. cvi, p. 681,) and the 53 first lines of
the poem ad uxorem, (Opera, pp. 775, 6.)

patitur, \>o\k\>. (f. 1, r°) exteriora, ]?a yttran.

mala, yfelu. movent, astyria]?.

pugnam, ge-winn, perfecto, on fuU-fremedum.

internis, ]?an incundum. capitur, bi]? on-fangen.

10

REtlQULS ANTIQUiE.

victoria, sige.
bello, ge-campe.
securus, or-sorh.
fruatur, bruce.
cliscordes, un-ge-twsere.
contagia, be-smitenessa.
serpunt, smuga]?.
ipsaque, ]7a sylfan.
gauclia, ge-fean.
vulnus, wunde.
longa, langsum.
experientia, afangdung.
?iotum, cuj?.

hoc plenam, on J?ysse fulle.
tempore, tyde.
justitiam, rihtwisnesse.
miserendo, miltiende.
laxet, a]>wea.
dans, syllende.
virtutum, maegna.
iminera, lac.
veniam, forgyfenesse.
divinorum operum, godcundra

"wurca.
secretas, digle.
noscere, on-cnawan.
causas, intingan.
humanis, menniscum.
possibile, araefniendlic.
ingeniis, orjjancum.
td/o, sumre.
intuitu, sceawunge.
specxdatur, sceawa]?.
operta, ofer-wrigene.
qui multa, se fala.
ut lateant, ]?8et ^hitian.
scit, -wat.

placuisse, ge-hcian.
imbuta, ]?£et ge-tydde.
simul, samod.
discit, leorna];.
per, ]7urh.
speciem, hyw.
artijicem, crseftean.
minensis, on-ge-metum.
numeris, on ge-telum.

ponderibus, hefum.

scrutari, smeagan.
ne cura, ]»set na caru.
procax, dyrstig.
abstrusa, forditt.
labore, swince.
nosse, cunnan.
habere, habban.
datur, his ge-seald.
desperandum, to ortruwienne.
sed, ac.
fiant, hi beon.
studiosius, ge-cnyrdHcost.
supplicandum, to biddenne.
quia, ]?i ]>e.
numerus, ge-tel.
de numero, of ge-tele.
auctus, ge-iht, (f. 1, v°)
impiorum, serleasra.
morbo, mid adle.
obsessis, of-settum.
prcBstanda est, to ti]?ienne is.
cura, caru.
medendi, lacniendes.
donec i. dum, ]7a while.
in (Egroto corpore, on adligum

Kchaman.
vita, life,
manet, wuna]>.
pravis, "Sweorum.
vitiorum, hleahtra,
mole, hefe.

gravatis, ge-hefedum.
sanctarum, hahgra.
pietas, serfastness.
adhibenda, to ge-arcygenne.
precum, ge-beda.
dum, ];a hwile.
possibile, arfceniendh'c.
mutari, beon awende.
horrescat, ge-an-Sracige.
noctis, nihte.
devia, of wege.
lucis, leohtes,
amor, lufu.
conversisque, ge-cyrredum.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

11

novam, niwe.
mentem, mod.
det, sylle.
gratia, gyfu.
qua, jjaere.

justificante, ge-riht-wisiendre.
comprehendenda, to getriw-

enne.
doctrina, lar.
inter, betAvyh.

trihidationum, ge-drefednesse.
turhines, 'Sreohnessuni.
difficidter, ea fojjlice.
agnoscitur, bi]? on-cnawen.
nec, nena.
facile, eajjelice.
inveniuntur , beoj? ge-mette.
in adversitate, on wij^erwerd-

nesse.
prcesidia, helpas.

diim non perturhant, ]?a "v^hyle

)7e na ge-drefa]?.
discrimina, orhleahtras.
pacis, sibbe.
prcslia ge-winn.
premunt, of-]7riccaj7.

exercere, be-gan.

divinis, mid codcundhcum.

convenit, ge-dafnaj?.

armis, waepnum.

consilio, mid ge-j^ehte.

minas, j^eow wracan.

tranquillam, ge-defe.

curis, carum.

vacuam, aemtig.

inhuit, leer^,

placidi pectoris, ge-gladodes
breostes.

hospes, cuma.

corde, heortan.

quieto, on ge-defre.

adquiri, beon be-gyten.

in sevo, on re|?re.

twhine, j^reohnesse.

invitus, ge-nedod.

amittere, for-leetan.

temporalia, hwil-wendhce.
crescere, wehsan. (f. 2, r°)
Expliciunt Epigramata Pros-

peri.
Versus Prosperi ad congugem

suam.
agejam, nu la.
precor, ic bydde.
comes, ge-si^S.
inremota, un-ascyrod.
trepidam, forht.
hrevem, sceort.
domino, drihtenum.
celeri, swyftre.
vides, Ipn ge-syhst.
rotatu, turnunge.
rapidos, swyfte.
meare, faran.
fragilis, tyddres.
membra, lima.
mundi, middan-eardes.
minui, wanian.
perire, losian.
lahi, beon ashliden.
fugit, flyh]7.

quod tenemus, ]?aet we healda];.
cupidas, graedige.
vana, idelnessa.
specie, hiwe.
trahunt, teaj?.
inani, idelum.
vbi nunc, la whaer nu ])a.
imago, anhcnes.
id)i sunt, la whser sind.
opes, speda.
potentum, ricera.
occupare, ge-bysgian.
captas, ge-haefte.
voluptas, willa.
quondam, geo ge-fyrn.
vertehat, wende,
aratris, sulum.
geminos, ge-twinne.
hoves, oxan.
vectus, ge-ferod.
magnificas, maerlice.

12

RELIQUIili ANTIQU^.

carpentis, on craetum.
per urhes, gynd byrig.
7^us, land.
vacuum, eemtig.
fessis, ge-wehtum.
ceger, adlig.
adit, ge-fser^.
celsis, healicum.
sulcans, to-cleofende.
maria, sses.
carinis, scypum.
nunc, nuna.
lemhum, bat.
exiguum, ge-hweedne.
scandit, astih|>.
regit, styrj?.
idem, se ilca.
status, stede.
agris, secerum.
urbihus, burgum.
ullis, aenigum.
prcBcipitata, be-sceowene.
ruunt, hreosa]?.
ferro, ysene.
peste, c wy Ide.
fame, hungre.
vinclis, bendum.
algore, cyle.
calore, haetan.
m^ille modis, mid J^usend ge-

metum.
miseros, ]?a earman.
rapit, ge-grip]7.
undique, eeghwanan.
hella, ge-feoht.
fremunt, grimetta]?.
furor, hat-heortnes.
excitat, aweh]?.
incwnhunt, onnhiga]?.
reges, cyningas.
innumeris, un-ge-rimum.
impia, arleas.
scevit, wett.

discordia, un-ge-^Swaernes.
si concluso, gyf beclysedre.
[(f. % v°)
superessent, to lafe weron.

tempore, tyda.
secla, worulde.
tamen, ])e hwhe]>era.
occasum nostrum, for^S-si]?

urne.
deceret, ge-dafnode.
finem, ge-endunge.
vitce, lifes.

quemque, ge-whylcne.
videre, be-healdan.
nam, witodUce.
quid prodest, whaet framaj?.
Jiumina, flod.
semper, symle.
inexaustis, un-for-hladenum.
prona, for]?.
aquis, weeterum.
vicerunt, ofer-swiddan.
scecida, woreld.
suis locis, o\\ hira stowum.
durant, ]>urh-wunedan.
fiorea rura, blosmige land.
manent, wunia]?.
sed non mansere, ac na ]7urh-

wunedun.
parentes, fa;deras.
temporis, tide.
hospes, cuma.
ago, ic droge.
ergo, eornesthce.
necquicquam, on ydel.
nati, acynnedde.
pereunt, losia}?.
occidimus, we ge-wita]?.
ceternam, ece.
ut mereamur, ]7set we ge-ear-

nian.
in ista, on J^yssum.
suheat, becume.
requies, rest.
longa, langsum.
lahore hrevi, on sceortum ge-

deorfe.
tamen, ]7e hwhe]»era.
forte, wenunga.
rebellihus, wij^ercorum.
asper, sticol o^Se teart.

REHQUI.E ANTIQU^. 13

rigidas i. duras, hearde. amari, beon ge-lufad.

leges, laga. prcecipitur, is beboden.

corda, heortan. vigeat, ]7eo.

putent, A\'enaJ>. secunda, oj^er.

auteni, soJ^Uce. hominis, mannes.

gravis, swaert. nolit, nele.

mansueto, man^Swaeran. inferat, on-belaede.

sarcina, byrj^en. vindictam, wrace.

dorso, rhigge. lessus, ge-derod.

ledit, dera]?. nesciat, na cunne.

hlanduni, ge-sweese. exigere, of-gan.

mitia, ]?a h]>an. contentus, ge-daef.

colla, sweoran. modicis, on ge-whsedum.

jugum, nio. vitet, for-buge.

tota mente, mid ealium mode. suhlimis, heahc.

tota vi, mid ealre streng]?e. haheri, beon ge-heefd.

Wrt.

A SATYRICAL BALLAD,

Said to be written by Lydgate. It is found in tbe Harleian MS. No. 2251,
fol. 14, r", of tbe fifteentb century.

A froward knawe plainly to discryve,

And a sluggard plainly to declare,

A precious knave that cast hym never to thryve,

His mowthe wele wet, his slevis right thredebare,

A tourne-brooche, a boy for Wat of Ware,

With louryng face, noddyng and slombryng,

Of newe cristened, called Jak Hare,

Whiche of a bolle can pluk out the lyneng.

This boy Maymond ful stybourne of his bonys,
Sluggy on morwe his lymes unto dresse,
A gentil harlot chose for the nonys,
Sone and chief eyr unto dame Ydelnesse,
Cosyn to Wecok, brother to Reklenesse,
Whiche late at even and morw at his risyng,
He hath no joye to do no besinesse,
Saufe of a tankkarde to pluk out the lyneng.

A boy Chekrelyk was his sworn brother,
Of every disshe a lypet out to take,
And Fafinticoll also was another,
Of every bribe the cariage for to make,
And he can wele wayte on a ovene cake,
And of new ale bene at the clensyng,
And of purpos his thrift for to slake,
Can of a picher pluk oute the lyneng.

14 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

This knave be leyser wil do al his message,
And hold a tale with every maner wight,
Ful pale drunk wele vernisshed of visage,
Whos tunge ay failith whan it drawith to nyght,
Of a candel wenyth two were light,
As barkid lethir his face is shyneng,
Glasy yen wil clayme of dewe right,
Out of a boUe to plukke out the lyneng.

He can a bedde an hors combe wele shake,
Like as he wolde correye his mayster hors,
And with his one hand his mayster doublet take,
With that other previly cut his purs ;
Al suche knaves shal have Cristes curs,
Erly on morw at theyr uprysing,
To fynd a boy I trowe ther be no wors,
Out of a cuppe to pluk out the lyneng.

He may be sold upon warantise,

As for a trowant that nothyng wil don,

Selle his hors provender is his chief marchaundise,

And for a chevissaunce can pluk of his shon,

And at the dyse pley the mony sone,

And with his wynnynges he makith his ofFryng

At the ale stakis, sittyng ageyn the mone,

Out of a cuppe to pluk out the lyneng.

Wassaile to Maymond and to his jousy pate,
Unthraft and he be to-gyder met,
Late at eve he wil unspere the gate,
And grope on morwe yif rigges bak be wete,
And yif the bak of Togace* the gught heete,
His hevy nolle at myd-morwe up liftyng,
With un-wasshe hands, nat lacid his doublet,
Out of a bolle to pluk out the lyneng.

Hllll.
* This word is explained in the MS by " the cat."

RECEIPT FOR MAKING GUNPOWDER.

From a MS. in the Library of the Society of Antiquaries, No. 101, fol. 76,
r", written on paper, in the fifteenth eentury.

To make goode Gonepoudre.
Take the poudre of .ii. unces of salpetre and half an unce of
brymston, and half an unce of lyndecole, and temper togidur
in a mortar with rede vynegre, and make it thyk as past til the
tyme that ye se neyther salpetre ne brymstone, and drye it en
the ffyre in an erthe pan with soft fFyre, and when it is wele

RELIQULE ANTIQUJE. 15

dryed grynde it in a morter til it be snialle poudre, and than
sarse it throow a sarse, &c. And if ye wil have fyne colofre
poudre, sethe fyrst your salpetre, and fyne it well, and do as it
is said afore. HIUL

PROGNOSTICATIONS.

From MS. Cotton, Titus, D. xxvi, fol. 5, r", of the first half of the eleventh

century.

Si luna .iiii. rubeat quasi aurum, vento ostendit. Si pura
sit, serenitatem. Si in summo corniculo maculis ingrescit,
pluviam indicat.

At sol, se [^si] orto suo maculosus sub nube latet, pluvialera
diem praesagit.

Si rubeat, sincerum, si palleat, tempestuosum coelum, si
mane rubet, tempestuosum significat diem.

Si vespere rubicundum aparuerit, serenum crastinum por-
tendit diem.

ABELARD'S ADVICE TO HIS SON.

From two MSS. of the British Museum, Bumey, No. 216, fol. 100, v", of
the end of the twelfth or beginning of the fourteenth century, and Cotton.
Vitel. C. viii, fol. 18, r", written apparently a little earlier. It has been en-
deavoured to form a correct text from these two M3S. There is another
imperfect copy, given anonymously, in a MS. of a later date, also preserved
in the Museum, but I have mislaid the reference to it, and it is not mentioned
in the cataloanies. It seems to have been once a very popular poem, and
was probably the prototype of the various pieces of Advice of a Father to
his Son which we find from time to time in old MSS. in French and English
verse.

Doctrina Magistri Petri Abaelardi.

Astralabi fili, vitae dulcedo paternffi,

Doctrina) studio pauca relinquo tua?.
Major discendi tibi sit quam cura docendi,

Hinc aliis etenim proficis, inde tibi.
Cum tibi defuerit quod discas, discere cessa,

Nec tibi cessandum dixeris esse prius.
Disce diu firmaque tibi tardaque docere,

Atque ad scribendum ne cito prosilias.
Non a quo sed quid dicatur sit tibi curee,
10 Auctori nomen dant bene dicta suo.

In MS. C. the title is Versus Petri Abaelardi ad Astralabium filium suum.

16 RELIQUl^ ANTIQU^.

Ne tibi dilecti jures in verba magistri,

Nec te detineat doctor amore suo.
Fructu non foliis pomorum quisque cibatur,

Et sensus verbis anteferendus erit.
Ornatis animos captet persuasio verbis,

Doctrinee magis est debita planicies.
Copia verborum est ubi non est copia sensus,

Constat et errantem multiplicare vias.
Cujus doctrinam sibi dissentire videbis,
20 Nil illam certi constet habere tibi.
ir Instabilis lunse stultus mutatur ad instar,

Sicut sol sapiens permanet ipse sibi.
Nunc huc nunc illuc stulti mens cffica vagatur,

Provida mens stabilem figit ubique gradum,
Providet ante diu quid recte dicere possit,

Ne judex fiat turpiter ipsa sui.
Nolo repentini tua sic doctrina magistri,

Qui cogatur adhuc fingere quee doceat.
Nemo tibi tribuet quod nondum est nomen adeptus,
30 Post multos si vis experiaris eum.

Filius est sapiens benedictio multa parentum,

Ipsorum stultus dedecus atque dolor.
Insipiens rex est asinus diademate pollens,

Tam sibi quam cunctis perniciosus hic est.
Scripturse ignarus princeps qui sustinet esse,

Cogitur archanurn pandere seepe suum.
H Occasum sapiens, stultus considerat ortum,

Fniis quippe rei cantici laudis habet.
Dictis doctorum, factis intende bonorum,
40 Ferveat hac semper pectus avaritia.
Ingenii sapiens fit nullus acumine magni,

Hunc potius mores et bona vita creant.
Factis non verbis sapientia se profitetur,

Solis concessa est gratia tanta bonis.
Credit inhumanam mentem sapientibus esse,

Qui nichil illorum corda dolere putat.
Ferrea non adeo virtutis duraque mens est,

Ut pietas horum viscera nulla sciat.
Sit tibi cura prior faciendi, deinde docendi
50 Quse bona sunt, ne sis dissonus ipse tibi.
H Sit tibi quaeso frequens scripturae lectio sacrae,

Ca^tera siqua legas omnia propter eam.
Est justi proprium reddi sua velle quibusque,

Fortis in adversis non trepidare suis.
Ilhcitos animi motus frenare modesti,

Tunc cum succedunt prospera prsecipue.
line 13, fruciuquc non, B.— 24, fngit, B. — 39, doctis, C. — 48, ciat, C.

REHQUI.E ANTIQUJi. 17

Sicut in adversis virtus ea murus habetur,

Sic istius egent prospera temperie.
Nec prior illa manet virtus nisi fulta sit istis,
60 Ne sit fracta malis, sive remissa bonis.
Quid vitii, quid sit virtutis discite prudens,

Quod si perdiderls, desinis esse quod es.
Philosophus causas rerum discernit opacas,

EfFectus operuin practicus exsequitur.
U Sit tibi prascipuus divini cultus honoris,

Teque timor semper subdat amorque Deo.
Nemo Deum metuet vel amabit sicut oportet,

Si non agnoscat sicut oportet eum.
Quam justus sit hic atque potens, quam sit bonus ipse,
70 Quantum nos toleret, quam grave percutiat !
Quo mehor cunctis Deus est, plus debet amari,

Et melior post hunc ordine quisque suo.
Quo mehor quisque est, majori dignus amore,

Utque Deo fuerit carior et tibi sit.
Quos etenim nisi propter eum debemus amare,

Finis hic in cunctis quse facis unus erit,
Non tua sed domini quteratur gloria per te,

Non tibi sed cunctis vixeris, immo Deo.
1f Detrimenta tuee caveas super omnia famse,
80 Ut mukis possis et tibi proficere.

Quae prsecesserunt cogunt nova crimina credi,

Et prior in testem vita sequentis erit.
Scandala quam possis hominuni vitare labora,

Ut tamen incurras scandala nulla Dei.
Infames fugiat tua conversatio semper,

Et socio gaude te mehore frui.
Est melius socium quam cognatum esse bonorum,

Hinc etenim virtus, eminet inde genus,
Ne temptare deum, fih, praesumpseris unquam,
90 Nitere quo possis ut merearis opem.
Summa Dei bonitas disponens omnia recte,

Quee bona quse raala sunt ordinat ipse bene,
Hinc nec in adversis justo solatia desunt,

Ut mala sint etiam, cum sciat esse bonum.
U Jussa potestatis terrenge discutienda,

Caelestis tibi mox perficienda scias.
Siquis divinis jubeat contraria jussis,

Te contra Dominum pactio nulla trahat.
Contempnendo Deum peccat sohunmodo quisque,
100 Nec nisi contemptus hic facit esse reuni.

line Gl, discufe, C— 64, cxequitur B.— (39, is atque, C— 90, quod, C.
C

18 RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^.

Non est contemptor qui nescit quid sit agendum,

Si non hoc culpa nesciat ipse sua.
Major adhuc tamen est insania quam furor ille,

QuEe differt illum conciliare sibi.
Suppremus furor est offendere cuncta potentem,

Quod qui preesumit nescio quid metuat.
Quisquis apud Dominum se quEerit justificari,

Justitiam siqua est nesciat ipse suam.
Agnoscat culpas, accuset, corrigat illas,
110 Nec se corde bonum censeat, ore malum.
Hoc autem pro justitiareputetur ab illo,

Quod bona quEe impendit reddita non data sunt.
Qua3 tibi tu non vis fieri, ne feceris ulli ;

Quffi fieri tibi vis, hfec quoque fac aliis.
U Omnia dona Dei transcendit verus amicus,

Divitiis cunctis anteferendus hic est.
Nullus pauper erit thesauro preeditus isto,

Qui quo rarior est, hoc preciosior est.
Sunt multi fratres, sed in illis rarus amicus,
120 Hos natura creat, gratia prsebet eum.

Gratia Kbertas, natura coactio qusedam est,

Dum generi quivis haeret amore suo.
Quo pecudes etiam naturae lege trahuntur,

Affectus quarum gratia nulla manet.
Si roget aut faciat quisquam quod la^dat honestum,

Metas et legem transit amicitise.
Exaudire precem inhonesta rogantis amici,

Est ab amicitise calle referre pedem.
Plus tamen offendit qui cogit ad ista rogando,
130 Quam qui consensum dat prece victus eis.
Nulium te dominus plusquam te cogit amare,

Nec te quisquis te turpia poscit amat.
Turpia ne facias sed vites propter amicum,

Si cupis ut vere sis preciosus ei.
Turpitur excusat noxam quem propter amicum

A se hanc committi dicere non pudeat.
Propter amicitiam si quid commisero vile,

Re turpi pulchram fsedo malaque bonam.
Debita sunt quam dona magis quse dantur amico,
140 Nil tamen est quo plus non mereatur amor.
Quos in amicitia sua quserere lucra videbis,

Quod dici cupiunt hoc simulare scias.
Si non subyenias donec te exoret amicus,

Qua? dare te credis, vendere crede magis.

line ] 04, qui differt, C— 1 10, ne se, C— 1 12, data sint, B.— 127, in C precem
written first, has been changed to preces. — 14.3, subveniat, B.

RELIQUI-E ANTIQU^E. 19

Non pretio parvo est rubor ille rogantis habendus,

Quo quoe tu dicis dona coactus emit.
Plus recipit quam dat pro donis quisquis amatur,

Nam quid amicitia carius esse potest.
Majores grates dono raajore meremur,
150 Majus se dando quam sua quisque dabit.
Alter ego nisi sis, non es michi verus amicus,

Ni michi sis ut ego, non eris alter ego.
Qui bonus est dampnum contempnit propter amicum,

Sic etenim prodi si sit amicus habet.
Cujus criminibus cito credis, non es amicus,

Ultimus hinc proprie scit mala quisque domus.
Non poterit proprios cognoscere dives amicos,

An sint fortunee scilicet aut hominis.
Pauper in hoc felix errore est liber ab isto ;
160 Cum perit hsec, pereunt quos dabat illa tibi.
Cui male fecisti, ne te commiseris illi,

Praetereunte malo permanet ira mali.
Quam jactura mali jactantia pejor habetur,

Sed gravior laeso cuilibet esse solet.
Sit tibi prsecipuus si vis bonus inter amicos,

Nec memor in talem conditionis eris.
Erectum stimulis et verbere comprimes illum,

In tua ne calcem dirigat ora suum.
Non homini te sed vitio servire pudebit,
170 Cum sit Ubera men^, nil tibi turpe putes.
Non est quem possunt corrumpere dona fidelis,

Proditor alterius non tibi fidus eris,
Obsequio superant meretrix et proditor omnis,

Qua placeant aliis heec una sola patet.
ir Nil melius muliere bona, nil quam mala pejus,

Omnibus ista bonis praestat et illa malis,
Quaecumque est avium species assueta rapinis,

Quo plus possit in his femina fortior est.
Nec rapit humanas animas plus femina quicquam,
180 Fortis in his hsec est quolibet hoste magis.
Quse se luxuriee gratis subponit amica,

Censetur meretrix quae pretio gerit hoc.
In vitio tamen hoc ardentior illa videtur,

Quee preeter sordes suscipit inde nichil.
Uxorem ratione suam vir debet amare,

Et non ad coitum sicut adultera sit.
line 145, parvo pretio, C— IGO, in botb MSS. hcBc isexplained in agloss by
fortuna, and iu li. quosis explained similarly by amicos — IGl, ulli, C. — 164,
set, B. et, C— 174, ria, C— 179, quidquam, C.— l%0,fortis in hoc, B. — 181,
supponit, C.

20 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

Et pecudes quo vult trahit impetuosa voluptas,

Sic homines agitat luxuriosus amor.

Si post conceptum pecudum saciata libido

190 Ferre mare nolit, quid mulier, quid agitat ?

An se luxuriae solam putet esse creatam 1

Ad coitus fructum caetera nata feret ?
Gratior est humilis meretrix quam casta superba,

Perturbatque domum saepius ista suam.
PoUuit illa domum quam incendit ssepius ista,

Sorde magis domui flamma nocere potest.
JMitior est anguis linguosee conjugis ira ;

Qui tenet hanc, ejus non caret angue sinus.
Deterior longe linguosa est femina scorto,
200 Hoc aliquis, nullis illa placere potest.

Est linguosa domus incendia maxima conjux,

Hac levior flamma quilibet ignis erit.
H Cum modicum membrum sit lingua, est maximus ignis ;

Non tot per gladium quot periere per hanc.
Praevalet in lingua qui non est fortis in armis.

Nullus in hac pugna plus meretrice potest.
Ex hoc praecipue distant ignavus et audax,

Quod factis iste praevalet, ille minis.
Si linguae bellum quam armorum fortius esset,
210 Thersites Trojae major Achilie foret.
In verbis pavidus semper laetare fuisse,

In factis audax sis, ahquando licet.
Nil magis offendit quam pravus sermo potentem ;

Plus probra liber homo quam sua dampna timet.
Accensas molHs responsio mitigat iras ;

Auget eas potius dura, creatque novas.
H Nolo virum doceas uxoris crimen amatae,

Quod sciri potius quam fieri gravat hunc.
Opprobriis aurem propriis dat nemo libenter,
220 Nec te nec quemquam talia scire volet.
Cuique viro casto conjux sua casta videtur,

Semperque incestus suspiciosus erit,
Ne sis natarum sic caecus amore tuarum,

Ut non corrumpi posse rearis eas.
Quam cito fas sit eas festina tradere nuptum,

Vilescit mulier suspicione cito.
Nec catus poterit servari pelle nitente,

Nec mulier cunctis si preciosus erit.
Quam nuptum tradunt studeant ornare puellam,
230 Ornatu sapiens vir cito privat eam.

line IQQjCorde, B.—20\, conjunx, B — 202,quislibet, B. — 204, quam pcriere
C— 226, MS. C. ends with this line.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE. 21

Incestam ut castam frustra servare labores ;

Non potes hanc, illam non opus esse scias.
De quo culpasti mulierem cogis amari,

Et verum falso crimine saepe struis.
Ne dubites illam proprise diffidere formEe,

Nec studet ut fallat per bona facta viros.
Quanto plus fragilis muliebris sexus habetur,

Tanto ejus virtus pra?minet in meritis.
Quo fuit asperior quee postea nupsit amanti,
240 Tanto gratior est ipsa futura viro.

Aspernata virum propria placet ipsa repulsa,

Et blandum facit hunc asperitate sua.
Miror si mulier privignum diligat ulla,

Ni quo Phffidra suum fertur amasse modo.
Quem vir amat famulum miror si diligit uxor,

Semper in insidiis hunc timet esse sibi.
Luxuriee nimis est mulieri grata voluptas,

Si plus quam fratrem dihgat illa virum.
Si sua quam mater cuiquam sit carior uxor,
250 Constat naturam cedere luxuriae.

H Quem natura suos non cogit amare parentes,

Conciliare tibi gratia nuUa potest.
Qui patri malus est, nuUi bonus esse putetur,

Nolo roges pro quo non rogat ipsa parens.
Ne superinducta crucies uxore parentes,

Hos sepeli primo si superesse queas.
Est velox vindicta Dei maledictio patrum,

Nemo nisi demens hanc tolerare potest.
Quo plus proficiat tua sit correptio blanda;
260 Aspera perversos non capit, immo movet.
Objurga culpam pueri, juvenisque flagella,

Exhortare senem blanditiisque mone.
Cum te corripiat senior patienter habeto,

Et grates tanquam post data magna refer.
Culpari metuens culpam praecindere temptat,
*****

Quisquis non fuerit patiens parendo jubenti,
Inperio nulli preeficiendus erit.

In the MS. B. which alone contains thelatter part of this poem, it is fol-
lowed by a few blank lines, and then comes an incoherent mass of elegiac
verses, on a similar subject, but apparently not belonging to the same poem.

Wrt.

22 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU-E.

EARLY ENGLTSH PRAYERS, &c.

From the MS. Cotton, Cleopatra B. vi. fol. 201, v°, written in the middle
of the thirteenth ccntury. It is written as prose.

[. . .]idde huve Avitli milde stevene

til ure fader |?e king of hevene,

in ])e mununge of Cristis pine,

for ]7e laverd of ]>is hus, and al lele hine,

for alle cristinfolk that is in gode hf,

that God schilde ham to dai fro sinne and fro siche ;

for alle tho men that are in sinne bunden,

that Jhesu Christ ham leyse, for is haU wndes;

f )r quike and for deade and al mankinde ;

and l^at ws here God don in hevene mot J^ar it finde ;

and for alle J^at on herj^e us fedin and fostre ;

saie we nu alle |?e hali pater noster.

Ure fadir |;at hart in hevene,

halged be ]?i name with giftis sevene,

samin cume ]>i kingdom,

J?i wille in her]>e als in hevene be don,

ure bred ]?at lastes ai

gyve it hus ];is hilke dai,

and ure misdedis ])U. forgyve hus,

als we forgy ve ]>am ])at misdon hus,

and leod us in tol na fandinge,

bot frels us fra alle ivele ]?inge. Amen.

Heil Marie, ful of grace,

]>e lavird ]?ich ]>e in hevirilk place,

bUsced be ]?u mang aUe wimmein,

and bUsced be ]>e blosme of ]?i wambe, Amen.

Maidin and moder ]?at bar ]>e hevene king,

wer us fro wre wy]7er-wines at ure hending ;

bUsced be ]>e pappis ]?at Godis sone sauk,

]?at bargh ure kinde ]7at ]>e nedre bysuak !

Moder of milte and maidin Mari,

help us at ure hending, for ]>i merci.

]?at suete Jhesu ]7at born was of ]7e,

]>u. give us in is godhed him to se.

Jhesu for ]?i moder luve and for ]7in haU wndis,

]>\i leise us of ]>e sinnes ]?at we are inne bunde.

Hi true in God, fader hal-michttende, ])at makede heven
and herde]?e, and in Jhesu Krist, is ane lepi sone, hure laverd,
]>at was bigotin of ]?e haU gast, and born of the mainden Marie,

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU-E. 23

pinid under Punce Pilate, festened tothe rode, ded and dulvuii,
licht in til helle, Jje J^ride dai up ras fra dede to live, stegh in
til hevenne, sitis on is fadir richt hand, fadir al-waldand, he
]7en sal cume to deme j^e quike an ];e dede. Hy troue hy ]?e-
li gast, and hely kirke, ])e samninge of halghes, forgifnes of
sinnes, uprisigen of fleyes, and life with-hutin hend. Amen.

Ifrt.

SONGS, &c.

From a MS. in the Public Library of the University r f Cambridge, (Ff. 1, 6,)
written about the time of Hen. VI.

What so men seyn,
Love is no peyn
To them serteyn,

but varians ;

For they constreyn
Ther hertes to feyn,
Ther mowthis to pleyn

ther displesauns ;

Whych is indede
Butt feynyd drede,
So God me spede !

and dowbihiys.

Ther othis to bede,
Ther lyvys to lede,
And proferith mede

new-fangellnys.

For when they pray,
Ye shall have nay,
What so they sey,

be ware, ffor sham !

For every daye
They waite ther pray,
AVher so they may,

and make but game.

Then semyth me
Ye may wel se
They be so fre

in evyry plase.

Hit were pete
Butt they shold be
Begelid, perde !

with-owten grase.

24 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU.E.

II.

Whoso lyst to love, God send hym right good spede !*

Some tyme y loved, as ye may see,
A goodlyer ther myght none be,
Here woman-hode in all degre,
Full well she quytt my mede

Unto the tyme upon a day,
To sone ther fill a gret afFray ;
She badde me walke forth on my way,
On me she gafF none hede.

I askid the cause, why and wherfor
She displeside was with me so sore,
She wold nat tell, but kepe in store ;
Pardy, it was no nede !

For if y hadde hur displeased
In worde or dede, or hir greved ;
Than if she hadde be sore meved.
She hadde cause indede.

Butt Avell y wote y hadde nat done
Hur to displese, but in grete mone ;
She hath me left and ys agone ;
For sorwe mj- hert doth blede.

Some tyme she wolde to me compla}ne,
YIT she had felt dysease or payne ;
Now fele y nought but grete disdajne ;
Allas ! vvhat is 3'our rede ?

Shall y leve of, and let hur go ]
Nay, ner the rather will I do so.
Yet though unkyndnesse do me wo,
Hur will y love and drede.

Some hope that whan she knowith the case,
Y trust to God, that withyne short spase,
She will me take agayne to grace ;
Than have y well abydde.

And for trew lovers shall y pray,
That ther ladyes fro day to day,
May them rewarde, so that they may
Wvth joy ther ly ves lede.

Amen, pur charyte.

* This line is repeated after every stanza.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU/E. 25

III.

Now wold I fayne some myrthis make,
All oneli for my ladys sake,

and hit wold be ;
But now I am so ferre from hir,

hit will nat be.

Thogh I be long out of your sight,
I am your man both day and night,

and so will be.
Wherfor wold God as I love hir,

that she lovid me !

When she is mery, then am I glad ;
When she is sory, than am I sad ;

and cause whi :
For he livith nat that lovith hir

as well as I.

She sayth that she hath seen liit wreten,
That seldyn seen is soon for-yeten ;

hit is nat so :
For in good feith, save oneli hir,

I love no moo.

Wherfor I pray both night and day.
That she may cast care away,

and leve in rest ;
And ever more whersoever she be,

to love hir best.

And I to hir for to be trew,

And never chaung her for noon new,

unto myne end ;
And that I may in hir servise

foi evyr arnend.

A. Godwhen.

IV.

Continuance

Of remembraunce,

With-owte endyng,
Doth me penaunce
And grete grevaunce,

For your partynge.
So depe ye be
Graven, parde !

Withyn myn hert ;

D

23 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU.E.

That afore mee
Ever I yow see,

In thought covert.
Thought I ne playne
My wofull payne,

But bere yt styll;
It were in vayn
To sey agayn

Fortunes wyll.

A. Godwhen.

V.

My self walkyng all allone,
Full of thoght, of joy desperat,
To my hert makyng my moone,
How I am the most infortunat,
And how Fortune his cruell arowe
Hath to me caste and brought hit soo,
That I am kome fro wele to woo.

Fro all gladness and comfort
I am now brought into distres ;
Fye on myrth and on disport !
Thus seyth my hert for hevynes,
Seyng ther is no sekyrnesse.
Of wordly welth he taketh hede,
Which ofte causyth myn hert to blede.

And thus T stond fful fylt with sorow,
Within my mynd to my gret payne,
Wepyng both even and morow
With swollyn hert, when I refrayne,
With wofull teris Avhich can nat fayne,
Soo have I lost my countenaunce,
Of all the world to my plesaunce.

A. Godwhen.

VI.

A Tretlse for Lavandres.

Yee maistreses myne and clenly chamberys,
That have to doe with my ladis atyer,
Attendyth ay as hedest officers,
Sith your fee your wages and your hyre
Is duly paide, than sette your desyre
How to doo your godely observaunce,
Wayt all be well and that may you avaunce.

RELIQUliE ANTlQUiE. 27

Loke Avell your lawne, your homple, and your lake,
Plesaunce, reyns, and eke the fine champeyn,
Ye washe cleyn fro mole and spotts blake,
That W3'n nor oyle nor yit non ink disteyn
Keverchef or cloth aboute your soverayn ;
Bot wasshe hem clene, and yf ye lust to lere
How ye schall doe, thes verses tcchen here.

Vinum lacte lava, oleumque licore faharum,
Incaustum tino, cetera mundat aqua.

Of wyn awav the motes may you wesshe
In mylk whyt, the fletyng oyly spott
Wyth lye of beenes niake hit clene and fresshe,
Wasshe with wyn the feruent ink spott,
All oder thj-nges clensed, well ye wot,
Wyth water clere is purged and made clene,
But these thre clense wyn, mylke, and beene.
The name of Godwheu has not hitherto found a place in our list^ of early
Enclish Poets.

Hllll.
A BALLAD

From MS. Trin. CoU. Cant. O 9, 38, written on paper, about the reign of

Hen. VI.

Who carpys of byrddys of grete jentrys,

The sperhawke me semyth makys moste dysporte,

And moste acordynge for all degreys,
For small bjrddys sche puttys to morte.

Y reclaymyd on, as y schall reporte.
As longe as sche wolde to me aply ;

When sche wolde no^t to my glove resorte,
Then plukkyd y of here bellys, and let here fly.

My sperhawke bellys [weren] of ^NIeleyn,
Limes and gees of sylke and twyne,

Y byllyd here a mewe withyn a wareyn,
And fed here with byrddys of Valentyne.
To another sche dyd enclyne.

And as a ramage hawke began to cry :

Y sawe sche wolde no lengere be myne ;
Then plukkyd y of here bellys, and let here fly.

Y let here have that sche myght for ayre,

And chese here a make by the wodys uppon hyghe ;
Do so with yowre paramowres, be they nevere so fayre,

28 RELIQUliE ANTIQUiE.

For of them meny be of love full lyght.

For there ys nothere kynge nor knyght,
When there lemmanys hert begynnyth to wry,

I holde hyt the beste, my trowth y plyght,
To pluk of here bellys, and let here fly.

And yn aspecial these that be moste changabyll,
And sche that yn honde hath too or thre,

YfF a man take here so dyssevabyll,
Sche can excuse here curyously,
And seyth, " wene ye that y love hymT nay, let be!

Yet for to dryve the dowste yn hys eye ;

Y counsell, yow be rewlyd by me,
Pluk of here bellys, and let here fly.

For yff ye have a paramowre,

And sche be whyte as whales bone,
Ful fayre of face and favowre,

More plesant to yow there may be none ;

Sche seys to yow sche ys trew as stone,
Butte truste here nojt, for sche can ly :

Y have fownd them by one and one,
Pluk of here bellys, and let here fly.

Yff other men of goodys have plenty,

And yowre tresowre begynnyth,
To yow sche woll say full owtragly,

" I am no^t kept after myne astate ;

Off gay atyrynge y am desolate :
Y se other wymmen go gayer than y."

By Avare, for then sche wyll pley chekmate,
But ye pluk of here bellys, and let here fly.

Yffye ryche be of yewellys ryall,

And have a paramowre at bed and borde ;*

Sche seyth may part schall be but sinall,
But y take more then y was asewryd,

Y may not have where nofte ys levyd.
Thus sche wull with-drawe yowre tresory,

Yff ye of here wyn, strcke of my hed,
But ye pluk of here bellys, and let here fly.

But y thynke to revers my owne wrytynge,
For paramowrys be now so commendabell,

Yff ther be twenty yn a towne dwellynge,
Of ther byheste ther ys not one stabell,
But swyfte of thowth and of tonge varyabell,

• Evidently an errar of tlie scribe, " at borde and bed."

RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE. 29

To speke to men fuU coryously ;

Yff ye fynde such one at yowre tabell,
Pluk of here bellys, and let here fly.

Yff ye love a damsell yn aspecyall,

And thynke on here to do costage ;
When sche seyth galantys revell yn hall,

Yn here hert she thynkys owtrage,

Desyrynge with them to pley and rage,
And stelyth fro yow full prevely.

Such byrdys be febell to kepe yn cage ;
Pluk of here bellys, and let here fly.

They be as fals as was Judas,

That with a cosse dyssevyd owre lorde Jhesu ;
For when here herte from yow doth pas,

Full sone sche thynkes to have a newe.

But let here passe and goo lyghtly,
And clothe here well yn Stafford blewe ;

Kepe here not then to longe yn mewe,
Then pluk of here bellys, and let here fly.

Y have ymagyned yn my mynde,

Yn Englond where ony where wer trewe ;

Y have softe fere, y can none fynde
That hath more feyth then hath a yewe.

Y wyll begyn and pleyse them newe ;
Paramowres ar gode, or els y ly,

They have meny a vyce ageyne vertue ;
Pluk of here bellys, and let here fly.

But goode Avyffes schall have yn knowlege,

That hyt is not by them that y ment ;
But by small damsellys and tender of age,

With ther mysgovernawnce makyth wyves to be shent.

For when ther husbondys ar yn avotry lent,
Yff wy ves be grevyd, them blame no^t y.

Y wolde suche damsellys yn fyre were brent,
That the asskes with the wynde awey myght fly.

Thys ys the sorowe that y of ment ;

AU men take ensampell by me.
Yowre lemman Avyll weyte yow with a fals tent ;

Looke ye thynke no^t the contrary,

But loke well abowte, and he schall se
When yowre lemmanys hert begynyth to Avry ;

Then speke ye here feyre, and loke ye plesant be,
And then pluk of here bellys, and let here fly.

IVrt

30 RELIQU1.« ANTIQUJE.

ERCYLDOUN'S PROPHECY.

From MS. Arundel. No. 57, fol. 8,v">, in the Br. Mus. written in Kentiu 1340.

Thomas de Erseldoune, Escot et dysur, dit au rey Alisandre
le paroles desutlidites, du rey Edward ke ore est, kauntt yl
fust a nestre.

To ny^t is boren a barn in Kaernervam.
That ssal wold the out ydlis ylc an.
The kyng Alesandre acsede,
Hwan sall that be ? The menstral zede ;
Hwan Banockesbourne is y-det myd mannis bonis ;
Hwan hares kendleth in hertth-stanes ;
Hwan laddes weuddeth levedes ;
Hwan me ledeth men to selle wytth rapis ;
Hwan Rokysburth is no burth ;

Hvvan men gyven an folu of twenti pound for an seme of
hwete.

DIRECTIONS FOR COMPOSING RHYMES.

From MS. Cotton. Cleopatra, B. vi, fol. 241, \°, written in Ihe fourteenth

century.

Ars Rithmicandi.

Ad habendum artem Rithmicandi et dictaminis notitiam,
dicendum est quid sit Rithmus, et ex quot sillabis constare
debet, et ex quot distinctionibus clausula constat, et ubi ser-
vanda est consonantia. Rithmus est consona paritas sillabarum
sub certo numero comprehensarum. Distinctio constare debet
ex 4 sillabis ad minus, et ex 8 ad plus. Ex 4 ad minus, ut
sic :

0 Maria,
Mater pia,
Stella maris
Appellaris.
Ex 8 ad plus, ut sic :

Jam advenit rex coelorum,
Ergo fratres gaudeamus,
Unctionem Judaeorum
Cum cessare videamus.
Clausula debet constare ex duabus distinctionibus ad minus,
et ex 5 ad plus. Ex duabus ad minus, ut sic :
O Maria, stella maris,
Mater pia nominaris.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 31

Ex 5 distinctionibus ad plus, ut sic :

Dives eram et dilectus,
Inter pares prseelectus,
Modo gravat me senectus,
Et setate jam confectus,
Ab electis sum ejectus.
Sequitur de consonantia : unde sciendum quod si penultima
sillaba distinctionis proferatur acuto accentu, tunc consonantia
debet servari a vocali penultimae sillabae, ut hic :
Ave sancti spiritus fecundata rore,
Conservata pariens castitatis more,
Quaeso fac ne arguat judex in furore,
Quos a morte proprio redemit cruore.
Si vero penultima sillaba distinctionis proferatur gravi ac-
centu, tunc consonantia potest servari S"" ; uno modo servatur
consonantia a vocali penultimae sillabae, sic :
Salutat angelus, Deus ingreditur ;
Quod auris accipit in corde creditur ;
Tumescit venter, Deus egreditur
Vestitus homine, nec virgo Iseditur.
Item alio modo servatur consonantia a vocali penultimae
sillabse, sic :

O res mirabilis et rerum novitas !
Se vestit homine summa divinitas ;
Licet in virgine matris fecunditas,
Et jugi lumine vernat virginitas.
Tertio modo servatur consonantia a vocali penultimae sillabae,
sic :

Non potest esse monachus,
Qui vagus est et profugus;
Qui vivit absque regula,
Peribit morte pessima.
Sequitur de divisione Rithmorum, quorum unus est mona-
thongus, aUus diptongus, alius triptongus. Monathongus est
quando una consonantia servatur per totam clausulam, ut ; ' Ave
sancti spiritus,' ' salutat angelus,' ' O res mirabilis.' Diptongus
fittribus modis; primo modo quandoduae distinctiones concord-
ant simul, et duae simul, ut supra, ' 0 Maria ;' secundus modus,
quando medium distinctionis concordat cum medio alterius
distinctionis et finis cum fine, ut supra, ' Jam advenit rex
coclorum ;' tertius modus, quando duae distinctiones ct plures
concordant simul, et auditur (additurj cauda, ut hic :
Audi verbum novitatis,
Crede sompnum, et est satis,
Non est tuae facultatis

solvcre corrigiam.

32 RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^.

Sequitur de cauda : unde sciendum quod cauda debet con-
stare ex tribus sillabis ad minus, ut sic :
Vides ad altare
Clericos cantare
gaudentes.

Ex 7 sillabis ad plus, ut supra, ' solvere corrigiam.' Trip-
tongus fit tribus modis : primus modus est quando duse dis- i
tinctiones concordant simul, et additur cauda, et dua? alise '
simul, et additur cauda, et caudffi concordant, ut hic :

Sub nodis silicii

Corpus carens vitii

dampnat vir beatus,

Se suum carnificem,

Atque suum judicem,

offert maceratus.

Secundus modus est quando medium unius distinctionis
concordat cum medio alterius distinctionis. et finis cum fine,
ut supra, * Jam advenit rex coclorum V Tertius modus est
quando duge distinctiones concordant simul in duobis locis, et
additur cauda, ut sic :

^ger eram, jam sum fortis,

Et contempno minas mortis,

Velut leo, corde tuto,

Ire quidem sine scuto.

Item rithmorum caudatorum ahi sunt consoni, ahi dissoni.
Consoni sunt quorum caudse concordant in fine, ut hic :
Non est nostra? facuUatis,
Nec humanEe dignitatis,
referre miracula ;
Quibus virtus deitatis,
Testis sanctffi sanctitatis,
illustravit gratia.

Dissoni sunt tales quorum cauda; non concordant, ut hic :
Aaron virgam tuht duram,
Qua3 florens contra naturam,

est porta ca?li,
Semper patens, nunquam clausa ;
Vitaj nostrse fuit causa

virgo Maria.

Expliclt Ars Ritlimitizandl.

Wrt.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 33

GLOSSARY OF OLD LAW TERMS.

From MS. Cotton. Julius D. vii, fol. 127, V, written at St. Alban's in the
middle of the thirteenth century.

Expositio Anglicorum nominum in cartis, secundum consue-
tudinem scacarii.

Mundebriche, — Trespas vers seignur.

Burchbriche, — Quite de forfesture.

Miskenninge, — Mespris par oi, u de fet.

Scephinge, — Quite de mustreisun de marchandise.

Haschinge, — Charger ii Ten vudra.

Frithsocne, — Franchise de francplege.

Flemenfremthe, — Chatel de futif.

Weregold, — ■

Wisegeldthef, — Larun ke pot estre rejut.

Utelph, — Echapement de prisum.

Forfeng, — Quite de avant prise.*

Infeng, — Quite de prise en feste.

Ferdwite, — Quite de murance de ost.

Blodwite, — Quite de sanc espandu.

Wardwite, — Quite de wardein truver.

Hangwite, — Quite de larum pendu sanz sergant.

Hamsokne, — Quite de entrer en autri ostel a force.

Forstal, — Ki autri force desturbe.

Infangenethef, — Larum pris ens nostre tere.

Sache, — Quite de medlee.

Soche, — Aver franchecurt.

Tol, — Quite de tounu.

Tem, — Progenie de nos hummes.

Danegeld, — Tailage de Danais.

Gridbriche — Pais enfrainte.

Murdre, — Humme mort sanz ateinte.

Wrec, — Truvure de mer.

Hutfangenethef, — Larum repele par franchise.

Ficthwite, — Quite de medlee de lamerci.

Inlage, — Sugest a la lei le rei.

Utlagefors, — Bany.

Chirchesoht, — Une certeine summe de ble batu.

Briggebote, — Refere punz a passer.

Ferdware, — Quite de aler en ost.

Childwite, — Chalenge de serf ki serf, serve enceinte.

Wrt.

* Over the Anglo-Norman in this line, the original scribe has written
avent le rei.
E

34

RELIQUI.E AN1IQU.«.

ANGLO-SAXON RELIGIOUS FRAGMENTS.

1. Metrical hymn from M6. Cotton Vespas. D. vi, fol. 68, v», of the ninth

century.

'j "Saet halige lamb
"Se ^y man scilde
middan-geardes,
for ]?inre arfeestnesse

Wuton wuldrian

weorada drvhten

halgan hUo^or-cwidum,

hiofen-rices weard,

hifian liof-wendum.

lifaes agend,

3 him simle sio

sigeraest wuldor

uppe mid aenlum,

^ on eor^an sibb

gumena gehwilcum

Godes willan.

We "Se heria^

halgum stefnum,

^ ]>e blaetsia-S

bilewitne ffeder,

■j 'Se ]?ancia"S,

J>ioda walden,

"Sines weorSlican

wuldor dretunes,

■3 'Sare niiclan

maegena ge-rena

"Se 'Su god dryhten

gastes mechtum

hafest on ge-wealdum

hiofen ^ eor^San,

an ece feder,

selmehtig God.

•Su eart cyninga cyningc

cwicera gehwilces ;

■Su eart sigefest sunu,

^ so^ ha?lend

ofer ealle ge-scaeft

angla 'j manna;

•Su, dr} hten God,

on dreamum wunast,

on Sajre upplican

eeSelan ceastre,

frea folca gehwffis,

swa Su 0et fruman weere

efen-eadig bearn,

agenum fseder.

•Su eart heofenlic lioht,

ealle to-wurpe,

fion ge-flcemdest

follc ge-meredes,

blode ge-bohtest

bearn Israela,

■Sa -Su ahofe

"Surh daet halige triow

■Sinre "Srowunga,

■Sriostre senna,

f ■Su 6n hseah setle

heafena rices

sitest sige-hraemig

on -Sa swiSran hand

■Sinum god feeder

gasta ge-myndig.

Mildsa nu meahtig

manna cynne,

^ of leahtrum ales

"Sine 'Sa hofan ge-scseft

■1 us hale ge-do,

hele^Sa sceppend,

niSa nergend,

for 'Sines naman are.

'Su eart soSlice

simle hahg,

^ 'Su eart ana

sece dryhten,

■;) 'Su ana bist

eallra dema

cwucra ge deadra,

Crist nergend;

for 'San ^u 6n 'Srymme ricsast,

;] on 'Srinesse,

■;] on annesse,

ealles waldend,

hiofena heah cyninc,

hahges gastes

fegere ge-felled

in faedre wuldre.

RELIQUIJE ANT1QU.E. 35

II. The Lord's Prayer and Creed, from MS. Cotlon, Cleopatra, B. xiii,
fol. 58, T", of the tenth century.

Her is se ge-leafa, ■;;) ge-bed, j bletsung laewedum mannum
]}e f Leden ne cunnon.

Pater noster on Englisc. — [XJu ure faeder ]?e eart on heofe-
num, sy J^in nama ge-halgod, ge-cume ym rice, sy ]?in willa
swa swa on heofenum swa eac on eorSan, syle us to daeg urne
daeghwamlican hlaf, j forgyf us ure gyltas, swa swa we for-
gyfaS ]?am j^e wi-S us agylta^, 'j ne laed Jju na us on costnunge,
ac alyf us fram yfele. Sy it swa.

Ic ge-lyfe on God faeder selmihtigne, scyppend heofenan
■j eorSan, 'j ic ge-lyfe on haelend Crist his an-cennedan sunu,
urne drihten, se wees ge-eacnod of j^am halgan gaste, •;] acenned
of Marian j^am mecdene, ge-])r6wod under j^am Pontiscan
Pilate, on rode ahangen, he wces dead "j be-byrged, -\ he nvSer
astah to helle, ^ he aras of dea^e on j^am j^riddan daege, ■j he
astah up to heofenum, j sitt nu aet swi-Sran Godes aelmihtiges
faeder, j^anon he wile cuman to demenne aeg^er ge ]'am cucum
ge J^am deadum, ■;) ic ge-lyfe on ])one halgan gast, ■j ]?a halgan
ge-la-Sunge, ■] halgena ge-msennysse, ■j synna for-gifennysse, j
flaesces aerist, ■;) f ece lif. Sy hit swa.

irw.

PRAYER TO THE GUARDIAN ANGEL.

From MS. Cotton. Titus, D. xxvii, fol. 74, r", of the first half of the
eleventh century, written in England. It appears to have belonged to a
nunnery, from the circumstance of the person who prays in this and other
instances speaking in the feminine gender.

Credo quod sis angelus sanctus a Deo omnipotente ad cus-
todiam mei deputatus ; propterea peto et per illum qui te ad
hoc ordinavit humihter imploro, ut me miseram, fragilem,
atque indignam semper et ubique in hac vita custodias, protegas
a malis onmibus atque defendas, et cum dominus hinc animam
meam migrare jusserit, nullani in eam potestatem demonibus
habere perraittas, sed tu eam leniter a corpore suscipias, et in
sinu Habraae suaviter usque perducas, jubente ac juvante
creatore ac salvatore domino nostro, qui est benedictus in secula
seculorum. Amen.

irw.

36

RELIQUIjE ANTlQUiE.

GLOSSARY OF NAMES OF PLANTS.

Frorn MS. Harl. No. 978, fol. 24, ro, written apparently between tlie time
of the battle of Lewes, and Ibat of the battle of Eveshain. The explauation
of the Latin names are given in Anglo- Norman and in English.

Chaudes Herbes.

Artimesie, mugwrt, merher-

barum.
Marubium, maruil, horehune.
Ruta, rue.
Apium, ache.

Buglosa, bugle, wude-brune.
Saniculum, sanicle, wude-

merch.
Sinapium, senevel, senei.
Zizania, neele, cockel.
Ahsinthium, aloigne, wermod.
Elna enula, ialne, gret-wurt.
Bethonica, beteine.
Ahrotanum, averoine, su|?e-

wurt.
Pulegium, puliol, hul-wurt.
Agrimonia, agremoine, gar-

cHve.
Consolida, consoude, daiseie.
Cwnfiria, cumfirie, galloc.
Mentastrum, mentastre, hors-

minte.
Avencia, avence, harefot.
Porius, poret, lek.
Regina, reine, med-wurt.
Millefoliimi, milfoil.
Ehidum, eble, wal-wurt.
Levisticum, luvesche, luve-

stiche.
Cepa, oingnun, kue-lek.
Salvia, sauge, fenvern.
Centauria, centoire, hurdreve.
Arcangelica, mort-ortie, blinde

netle.
Pollipodium, pohol, reven-fot.
Eelix arhoratica, polhpode, e-

ververn.
Salvinca, gauntelee, foxes-

glove.

Butunus, butuns, hoepe.
Nasturcium, kersuns, cressen.
Coliandrum, coriandre, chele

priem.
Petrosillum, peresil, stoansuke.
Closera, ahsaundre, wilde per-

cil.
Favida, favede, leomeke.
Sandix, waisde, wod.
Gladiolum, flamine, gladene.
Fehrefugia, fewerfue, adrel-

wurt.
Tanesetum, tanesie, helde.
Pilosella, peluselle, mus-ere.
Vermiculum, warance, wrotte.
Raffarium, raiz, redich.
Silimhrium, baisamitis, broc-

minten.
^m6ro5ia,ambrose,hinde-hele.
Althea, ymalue,* holihoc.
Saxifragium, saxifrage, pai-

wurt.t
Bidella, samsuns, lechis.
Bursa pastoris, sanguinarie,

blod-wurt.
Feniculum, fanuil, feneceh
Quinquefolium, quintfoil, fif-

lef.
Tapsus harhatus,mo\e\xie, softe.
Fabaria, faverole.
Trifolium, trifoil, wite-clovere.
Dip)tannum, ditaundere.
Cotulafetida, ameruche, miwe.
Persicaria, saucheneie, crones-

anke.
Lanceolata, launceleie, ribbe.
Mater silva, chevefoil, wude-

bide.
Sambucus, s\ie]>(l), ellarne.
Vervena, verveine, iren-harde.

or winalue. (?) t wai-wurt. (?)

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

37

Anindo, rosel, reod.
Osmunda, osmunde, bon-wurt.
Olibanus, encens, scor.
Fungus, wulves-fist.
Cerfolium, cerfoil, villen.
Camomilla, camemille, maiwe.
Nepta, nepte, kattes-minte.
Argentea, argentine, lilie.
Emda, alne, hors-elne.
Ysopus, ysope.
Spurgia, spurge, guweorn.
Lavendula, lavendre.
Fion, camglata, foxes-glove.
Euscute, doder.
Satureia, satureie, timbre.
Borago, burage.
Tribulus mari?ius, calketrappe,

sea-]7istel.
Ficmus terre, fumetere, cunte-

hoare.
Calamentum, calemente.
Ypis, herbe Johan, velde-rude.
Organum, organe.
Organum, puliol real, wde-

minte.
Menta, mente, minten.
Anetum, anete, dile.
Elitropium, solsegle, gloden.
Eptaphilos, salerne,nare-wurt.
Elleborum album alebre-blonc.
Eleborum, ellebre, lung-wurt,
Pionia, pioine.
Ortica, ortie, nettle.
Valeriane, stich-wurt.
Celsi, murer, murberien.
Avellane, petite noiz,litel nute.
Frisgonen, fresgun, cue-hole.
Sponsa solis, grinnil.
Pinpernele, pinpre, briddes-

tunge.
Lingua canis, chen lange,

hundes-tunge.
i)orme/i /!i7/e,ortiegriesche,doc-

nettle.
Lappa, bardane, clote.
Burneta, sprung-wurt.

Epitime, epithimum, fordboh.
Turmentine, nutehede. (?)
JVidebalme, (?) halue-wude.
Jfalva cripia, screpe-malue.
Consohda niedia, jjundre-clo-

vere.
Herba benedicta, herbe beneit,

hemeluc.
Hedera nigra, iere, oerj^-ivi.
Herba Roberti, herbe Robert,

chareville.
Hinnula campana, spere-wurt.
Hastida regia, muge de bois,

wude-rove.
Intiba, muruns, chickne-mete.
Iregerontis, cenesuns, grunde-

swilic.
Juniperii, geneivre, gorst.
Ligustrum,iv'\?io\\,\\\xms\XQ.c\e5.
Labrusca, hundes-berien.
Alleum, ail, garlec.
3Iurum, blakeberie.
Genesta, genest, brom.
Omfacium, winberi stones.
0.?/;'a^m;?i,herbyve,li]7e-wurt.
Plantago, planteine, weibrode.

Freides Herbes.
Morella, morele, atterlo]?e.
Jovis barba, ']\xh?ixhe, singrene.
Lactuca, letue, slep-wurt.
Fraga, fraser, streberi-lef.
Ramni, grosiler, ]?efe-}>orn.
Astula regia, popi.
Atriplex, arasches.
Mercurialis, evenlesten, mer-

curial.
3Ialva, malue, hoc.
Caulus, cholet, kaul.
Andivia, letrun, ])uge-}»istel.
Psilliun, luse-sed.
Virga jyastoris, Avilde tesel.
Ypoquistidos, hundes-rose.
Jusquiamus, chenille, henne-

bone.
Viola, viole, appel-leaf.
Alimonis, wilde popi.

38 REL1QUI.E ANTIQU.E.

Aizon, sinfulle. Inter frigidum et calidum
TiLcia, tutie. temperatum.

Litargirum, escume de or. Mirtus, gasel.

Inter frigidum et calidum. Bedagrage, spina alba, wit-
Lapis lazuli, pere. Jjorn.

Manna, Arnoqlosa, piauntein.

Wrt.

OLD ENGLISH PRAYERS, &c.

From a small MS. on vellum, of the fourtecnth century, in the possession
of J. O. Halliwell, Esq. (No. 219,) consisting chiefly of a religious exhorta-
tory treatise.

(Fol. 1, r°) \T^o knowe the bettur mg jmrpos in this bok,
icyteth icel alle, that I desire etery man and womman and child
to be my modur,for my wille is that thei don thefadur loille of
hevene, arid Crist seith, that uche that doth his fadur wille is his
brother, suster, and modur.

Pater noster. — Fadur in hevene, yd be thi

name, come thi kindam, thi wille be don as in hevene and in
erthe, oure uchedayes bred ^eve us to day, and for^eve us oure
dettes as we for^even oure dettoures, and lede us not into
temptacioun, bote delyvere us of yvel. Amen.

Are. — Heyl Marie, ful of grace, God is whit thee, and bles-
syd be thou among alle wymmen, and blessid the fruyt of thi
wombe Jhesus. Amen.

(Fol 1, v°) Credo. — I byleve in God, fader almy^thi, maker
of hevene and of erthe, and in Jhesu Crist, the sone of hym
only oure lord, the wuche is consceyved of the holy gost,
y-boren of Marie maiden, suffrede passioun under Pounce
Pilate, y-crucified, ded, and buried, wente doun in to helle, the
thridde day he roos from dethe, he steyet up to hevenes, he
sitteth on the ri^t syde of God the fadur almy^ti, thennes he is
to come to deme the queke and the dede. I byleve in the holy
gost, holy chirche general, the comunyng of halewes, the for-
^efenesse of synness, the rysyng of fiech, and the lyf whit-oute
ende Amen.

AUe thuse ten hestys spak God to 3Ioyses in the 3Iounte of
Sinay (a leaf is lost here.)

(FoL 2, r**) The seven dedus ofmercy.

(Foh 4, v°) The seven yftes of the holigoost.

(Fol. 6, v°) The ey^te blessynges of Jhesu Crist. As

RELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE. 39

sweryng to the firste, God seitb, Blessyd ben alle poure iii
spirit, that is, not proud ny bolled. To pite he seith, Blcssyd
ben alle meke, for he that bysyeth hym to lyve piteuosly, he
wurchipet God and holy writ, and reprehendet no thing that
he undurstondet not, and grucchet not a^eynes God ny man,
bote hath pite and reuthe, of alle thinges yvele fare, and thatis
to be meke. To kunnynge Crist seith, Blessyd ben thei that
ben sory, for thei schulen be counforted to ben deUvered of hire
wykede bondus that thei knowen by holy writ, that thei han
brou^t hem self inne whit unordynate love of worldly thinges,
a^eynes Godes hestes and no wondur is it thouj suche ben
sory, for Crist wepte upon Jerusalem, for scheo hadde not this
^ift of kunnynge, and seide, 3ef thou haddest knowe the wo and
the peyne that thou schalt suffre for thy wykednesse, thou
schuldest wepe also. To the firthe Crist seith, Blessed ben
thei that hungren and thursten ri^tfulnes, desyring joy and love
of hevenely goodes, and traveillen bysyly to drawen hire love
fro erthely thinges, for hire desyre schal be fulfuld. To the
fy[f]the Crist seith, Blessyd ben the mercyful, for theyschulen
have mercy, and to suche is counseyl nedful ; therfore o reme-
die is for to be delyvered of oure woes, that we for^even as we
wolen have for^evenesse, and helpe hem and counseile hem by
oure power, as we desyren to be holpen of God, and that is
resoun and Godes wille. To the sixte Crist seith, Blessid ben
the clene of herte, for thei schulen see God, ^ee thei schulen first
seen hym here by contemplacioun, that is to seye, by goode
thou^tes and desyres and goode undurstondynges, and aftur-
ward thei schulen seen hym as he is in joy whit-outen ende.

To the seventhe Crist seith, Blessyd ben the pesible folk, in
the wuche alle thinges ben wel ordeyned, none sturynges over-
comynge resoun, bote al thing suget to the spiry t, for he is suget
to God. The ey^te blessynge is, Blessyd ben, seith Crist,
thei that so muche loven God, that for his love wolen suffre
mysseyinges, hate, and al maner bodyly peynes, for huren is
the kyndom of heven, and therefore beth glad and joyful whenne
3e thus suffren, for muche is ^oure mede in hevene. And suche
a soule that hath thuse sevene ^iftes of the holy gost, whit thus
eijte blessynges of Cristus mouth, may wel synge a mornynge
song of love-likynge, that Cristus special synget in the Bok of
Songus.

See you, faire semely derlynge, oure luytel bed is huled
whit fioures, that is, the reste of contemplacioun, that thouhast
maad feir what vertues, and feirer thou woU maken hit in
hevene, where schal be the grete bed of reste. The tymber of
oure hous is of cedur and of cypresse, that schal never rote,
that is strong pacience and sad perseveraunce in tribulacioun

40 RELIQUI.E ANTIQUjE.

for the grete smel of swetnesse of hevene this luytel bed is
comen to hem bothe, for delices that either hath to othur ; for
Godes sone seith, My dehces were to be whit mennes sones,
sorwe to all that thuse dehces letteth.

Inthe secounde chapitre of this bok, Godes sone conformynge
hym to his special, synget his song, I flour of the feld, that is
moste red brennynge in charite, I lilie of the valeyes, that is
most white chast love and moste smel^ene, and whit this flour
the bed mot be strawed, not only of the relygyous tokened by the
lylye of the valeyes, bote also of the actife men of valeyes, for
alle that wolen lyven mekely in Crist, schulen suffren perse-
cucioun, and so hem byhoufet red brennyng charite of the flour,
and chaste humylyte of the lylye, and as the lylye waxinge
and smellynge among thornes, that is, among synful men prick-
ynge whit hir synnes, drof out of hem develes, and helede hem
of hire synnes, so my special schal do among dou^tres. Thenne
the special onswerede, As the male is plentiuouse of apples and
of leves among trees of wodes, so is my derlyng among sones,
undur his schadewe y desyrede to sitte, and his fruytes weren
swete to my tast, whit his schadewe he refreschede me, and
whit his fruyt he fedde me, that my strengthes fayle not in tri-
bulacioun. The kyng hath lad me in to a wyn-celer, and hath
ordeyned in me charite, that is, my derlyng hath drawe my
love fro worldly thinges in to the grete muhitude of swetnesse
of the wuche Davyth wrondret(5ic), and thou^ my derlyng have
thus leyd his lyft arm, that is erthely love, undur myn hed of
my soule, and whit his ri^t arm bychpped me, I seyinge myn
oune freehiesse for longe abydynge and drede of fallynge, more
trustyng to other then to my self, therfore 30 angeles and soules
of seyntes, hule 30 me whit floures, and bysetteth me whit
malys, for to i-come to the fruyt that 36 han, for I longe for
love.

Byhold, my derlyng, speketh to me, arys, come nerre, my
special, come, my schaply thorvv scharite, my colver thorw
symplenesse, now wyntur is passed, that is the olde wone of
worldly coveitise that made me cold and hard y-froze as yse,
the floures scheweth hem in oure erthe, the voys of the turtel
is herd in oure herber, that is thilk soule that the kyng of hevene
hath y-lad in to his wyn-celer syngeth chast songes of love-
mornyng for hire synnesand for dethof Crist hir make, wol no
more sitte on grene bow^ lovynge worldly thinges, bote fedeth
hire whit love of Crist, the clene whete corn, and fleth up in to
the holes of his five wondes, lokyng whit simple y^es, in to the
cler watres of holy writ, and as a colver for drede of the fauken,
that is thedevel, fleynge careyne, that is fleschly love, as doun
bothe the turtel and the doufe. &c.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 41

(Fol. 48, v°) — Therfore Crist, whan he was folled, wente in
to desert to be temptid of the devele, and faste fourty dayes
from bodiliche mete and drynke, and aftir he hungride, and
the devyl came to hym, and seide, If thou be Goddis sone, sey
that thes stonys be maad breed. Crist answerd by holy writt,
and seide, It is write, not oonly in breed a man lyveth, but in
every word that comith of Goddis mouth. And then the devele
toke up Crist on a piler of the temple, and sayde, If thou be
Gooddis sone, leep thou doun ; it is write, he seith, that God
Avole sende to the aungels to kepe the fro hirtynge. And Crist
sej^^de, It is write thou schalt not tempt thy God. And the
thrid tyme the devil bare Crist on an hi^ hille, and schewide
hym alle the kyngdomes of the world and seide, Alle thes
thyngis I wole ^eve the, if thou wolt falle doun worschepe me.
Than seyde Jhesu, Go, Satanas, it is writyn, thy Lord God
thou schalt worschepe, andoonly hym serve. Than the devyle
left hym, and aungelis camyn and servedyn him. O my leve
dere modir, whiche a spedeful lessoun and nedful to thee, and
to alle that schulyn be saved; spedeful, for it techeth thee
how thou schalt dispose the to almaner of goode lyvynge,
for he that came to teche al maner of goode lyvynge. It
is nedeful, for it techith thee how thou schalt overcome the
devile and almaner temptacions, for alle maner synnys, as seith
seyn[t] Joon the evangelist, ben understonde in thilke thre
that he temptide Crist ynne, first in glotonye, Avhan he baad
Crist seye that the stonys were maad breed. Thus the devil
farith with men and wommen: first he stirith him to pappe and
pampe her fleische, desyrynge delicous metis and drynkis, and
so hoppe on the piler with her hornes, lockis, garlondis of gold
and of riche perhs, callis, filettis, and wymplis, and rydelid
gownes, and rokettis, colers, lacis, jackes, pattokis, with her
longe crakowis, and thus the devil bereth hem up upon the
piler, to teche hem to fle above other symple folk, and seith,
they schulyn not herte hem, but he lieth falsely, for but they
ben as sory therfore as ever they werun glad, they schulyn lepe
a doun fro the piler to the putte of helle, and wel worthy, for
they bisyen hem more to be semely to foHs, than to God and his
aungelis; and for this axith grete cost, the devil settithhem on
an hi^ hil, and schewith hem al the world, to thenk wher they
mowen come to ony wordly richesse, as worldly men don, to
have londis and rentis, gold and silver, and so come to wor-
schepis of this world, that Crist techith us to forsake as he hym
self dide, for ellis we mown not bc his disciplis. Not oonly
thes he temptith thus, but men of holy cherche and women to
desiren beneficis, and dignites, prelacj^es, and suche other, the
whiche they schulde rather forsake than desire, for many perelis

42

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU.*:.

that fallyn by hem. 3it more prevely he temptith some Avomen
of religioun to thenke where they mowen have oiiy lordis
dou^tris or sones to teche hem curtesie, to lese therwith her
owne soulis, more for the mayntenaunce of pride and her delicis,
than for the worschipe of God or other goode vertues. And
a^ens all suche curside aray, spekith Davith in the Sautir, that
the dou^tris of cursid folk ben al alboute reversid

There is here a lacuna in the MS. and the seven leaves which foUow,
though evidently helonging to the same volume, are written in a different
hand, or at least wiih a different pen. It may be observed that a former
possessor of this MS. has written in the first page in a hand of the time of
Queen Elizabeth his name, ' Roberti Hare,' probably the same Antiquarian
who collected together the muniments of the two Universities.

PATER NOSTER, AVE, AND CREED.

From MS. Arundel, 57, fol. 94, ro, written in 1340, in the Kentish dialect.

Pater noster. Vader oure thet art ine hevenes, y-hal^ed
by thiname, cominde thi riche, y-worthe thi wil ase ine hevene
and ine erthe, bread oure eche dayes yef ous to day, and vorlet
ous oure yeldinges, ase and we vorleteth oure yelderes, and ne
ous led najt in to vondinge, ac vri ous vram queade. Zuo by
hit.

Ave Maria. Hayl Marie of thonke vol, Lord by mid the,
y-blissed thou ine wymmen, and y-blissed thet ouet of thine
Avorabe. Zuo by hit.

Creclo. Ich leve ine God, vader ahni^ti, makere of hevene
and of erthe, and in Jesu Crist his zone on lepi oure Lord, thet
i-kend is of the hoh gost, y-bore of Marie mayde, y-pyned onder
Pouns Pilate, y-nayled a rode, dyad, and be-bered, yede doun
to helle, thane thridde day aros vram the dyade, stea^ to
hevenes, zit a the ri^t half of God the vader almi^ti, thannes to
comene he is, to deme the quike and the dyade. Ich y-leve ine
the holy gost, holy cherche generalliche, mennesse of hal^en,
lesnesse of zennes, of vlesse arizinge, and lyf evrelestinde. Zuo
by hit. Wrt.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 43

HOW THE PLOUGHMAN LEARNED HIS
PATERNOSTER.

From an unique Tract, printed by Wynkyn de Worde, preserved in the
Public Library of the University of Cambrldge.

H Here begynneth a lytell geste, hoiv the ploionan lerned his
pater noster.

Som tyme in Fraunce dwelled a plowman,

Whiche was myghty bolde and stronge ;

Goode skyll he cowde in husbondry,

And gate his lyvynge full merely.

He cowde eke sowe and holde a plowe,

Bothe dj-ke, hedge, and mylke a cowe,

Thresshe, fane, and gelde a swyne,

In every season and in tyme;

To mowe and repe both grasse and corne

A better labourer was never borne ;

He coude go to plowe with oxe and hors,

AVith whiche it were, he dyde not fors ;

Of shepe the wolle of for to shere,

His better was founde no where ;

Strype hempe he coude to cloute his shone,

And set gese abrode in season of the mone.

Of fruytte he graffed many a tre,

Fell wode, and make it as it sholde be.

He coude theche a hous, and daube a wall ;

With all thinge that to husbondry dyde fall.

By these to ryches he was brought.

That golde ne sylver he lacked nought ;

His hall rofe was full of bakon flytches,

The chambre charged ^\'as with wyches

Full of egges, butter, and chese,

Men that were hungr}^ for to ease ;

To make good ale, malte had he plentye ;

And jMartyhnas befe to hym was not deyntye ;

Onyons and garlyke had he inowe ;

And good creine, and mylke of the cowe.

Thus by his labour ryche was he in dede ;

Now to the mater wyll I procede.

Grete good he gate and lyved yeres fourty,

Yet coude he neyther paier noster nor ave.

In Lenten tyme the parsone dyde hym shryve ;

He sayd, " Syr, canst thou thy byleve 1"

The plowman sayd unto the preste,

" Syr, I byleve in Jhesu Cryste,

44 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

Whiche suffred dethe and harowed hcll,

As I have herde myne olders tell."

The parsone sayd, •' Man, late me here

The saye devotely thy pater noster,

That thou in hit no worde do lacke."

Then sayd the plowman, " What thynge is that,

Whiche ye desyre to here so sore ]

T herde never therof before."

The preest sayd, " To lerne it thou arte bounde,

Or elles thou lyvest as an hounde :

Without it, saved canst thou not be,

Nor never have sj^ght of the Deyte ;

From chyrche to be banysshed aye,

All they that can not theyrpa/er noster saye.

Therfore I mervayll ryght gretly,

That thy byleve was never taught the.

I charge the, upon payne of deedly synne,

Lerne it, heven yf thou w^dte wynne."

" I wolde thresshe," sayd the plowman, " yeres ten,

Rather than I it wolde leren.

I praye the, syr persone, my counseyll kepe ;

Ten wethers wyll 1 gy ve the of my best shepe,

And thou shalte have in the same stounde

Fourty shelynges in grotes rounde,

So ye me shewe how I may heven reche."

" AVell ! " sayd the preest, " I shall the teche ;

Yf thou do by my counsell,

To heven shalte thou come ryght well."

The husbonde sa}'^, " Yf ye wyll so,

What ever ye bydde me, it shall be do."

" Well! " sayd the persone, syth thou haste graunt

Truly to kepe this covenaunt,

To do as I shalle warne the shortly,

JNIarke well the wordes that I saye to the :

Thou knowest that of corne is grete skarsnesse,

Wherby many for hungre dye, doubtlesse,

Bycause the}' lacke theyr da^dy brede ;

Hondredes this yere I have sene dede ;

And thou haste grete plentye of whete,

AVhiche men for moneye now can not gete.

And yf thou Avilte do after me,

Fourty poore men I shall sende the,

And to eche of them gyve more or lasse

Or they awaye fro the passe.

I shall the double for thy Avhete paye,

Se thou bere truly theyr names awaye,

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 4.5

And yf thou shewe theiii all and sorae

Ryght in ordre as they do come,

Who is served fyrste and who laste of all."

" In fayth !" sayd the plownian, "so I shall ;

Go Avhen ye wyll and sende them hyder,

Fayne wold I se that company togyder."

The parsone wente to fetche the route,

And gadred poore people all aboute ;

To the plowmans hous forthe he wente ;

The husbondeman was well contente

Bycause the parsone was theyr surety.

That made his herte moche mere mery.

The preest sayd, " Se here thy men echone,

Serve them lyghtly that they were gone."

The husbondeman sayd to hym agayne,

" The lenger they tary, the more is my payne."

Fyrst wente uater, feble, lene, and olde ;

All his clothes for Imngre had he solde ;

Two busshelles of whete gate he there

Unethe for age myght he it bere.

Then came noster ragged in araye ;

He had his backe burden, and so wente his waye.

Two peckes were gyven to Qui es in celis ;

No wonder yf he halted, for kybed were his helys.

Then came sanctificetur, and nomen tuuin ;

Of whete amonge them they gate an hole tunne ;

How moche Avas therin I can not saye ;

They two laded a carte, and wente theyr waye.

In ordre folowed them other thre,

Adveniat, regnum, tuum, that was deed nye ;

They thought to longe that they abode,

Yet eche of them had an hors-lode.

The plowman cryed, " Sirs, come awaye ! "

Than wente fiat, xoluntas, tua, sicut, in celo, et, in terra,

Some blere eyed, and some lame, with botell and bagge,

To cover their arses they had not an hole ragge ;

Aboute ten busshelles they had them amonge,

And in the waye homewarde fuU merely they songe.

Then came Panem, nostrum, cotidianum, da nobis, hobie ;

Amonge them five they had but one peny ;

That was gyven them for Goddes sake ;

They sayde therwith that they wolde raery raake :

Eche had two busshelles of whete that was gode,

They songe goynge home-warde a Gest of Robyn Hode.

Et dimitte, nobis, debita, nostra, caine than ;

The one sonburned, another black as a pan ;

46 RELIQUI/E ANTIQU.E.

They preased in the hepe of corne to fynde ;

No wonder if they fell, for they were all blynde ;

Eche of them an hole quartre they had,

And. streyght to the ale-hous they it lad.

Siczit, et nos, dimittlmus , debitoribus, nostris,

Came in anone, and dyde not mys;

They had ten busshelles, Avithouten fayle,

And layde fyve to pledge for a kylderkyn of ale.

Than came et, ne, nos, inducas, in temptationem :

Amonge them all they had quarters ten ;

Theyr brede Avas baken in a tankarde,

And the resydue they played at the hazarde.

By and by came sed Ubera nos a malo ;

He was so wery he myght not go.

Also Amen came rennynge anone ;

He cryed out " spede me, that I were gone ;"

He was patched, torne, and all to-rente ;

It semed by his langage that he was borne in Kente.

The plowman served them everychone,

And was full gladde whan they were gone.

But whan he sawe of corne he had no more,

He wyshed them at the devyll therfore.

So longe had he meten his corne and whete,

That all his body was in a swete.

Than unto his hous dyde he go ;

His herte was full of payne and wo,

To kepe theyr names and shewe them ryght,

That he rested but lytell that nyght.

Ever he patred on theyr names faste ;

Than he had them in ordre at the laste.

Than on the morowe he wente to the parsone,

And sayd, " Syr, for moneye am I come ;

My corne I dely vered by the counseyli of the,

Remember the promes, thou arte theyr suretye."

The preest sayd, " Theyr names thou must me shewe."

The plowman rehersed them on a rewe ;

How they w^ere called he kepte in mynde,

He sayd that Amen came all behj-nde.

The parsone sayde, " Man, be gladde this daye,

Thy paternoster now canst thou saye."

The plowman sayde, " Gyve me my moneye ! "

The preest sayd, " I owe none to the to paye ;

Thoughe thou dyde thy corne to poore men gyve,

Thou mayst me blysse whyle thou doost lyve ;

For by these maye ye paye Cryste his rente,

And serve the Lorde omnipotente."

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 47

" Is this the answere," he sayd, " that I have shall ?

I shall sommon the afore the offycyal."

So to the courte wente they bothe indede ;

Not beste of all dyde the plowman spede.

Unto the offycyall the parsone tolde all,

How it bytwene them two dyde fall,

And of this pater noster lernynge.

They laughed, and made sporte inowe.

The plowman for angre bended his browe,

And sayd, " This poor men have a-way all my corne,

And for my labour the parsone dothe me skorne."

The offycyall praysed gretly the parsone,

And sayd ryght well that he had done ;

He sayd, " Plowman, it is shame to the,

To accuse this gentylman before me."

He badde him go home, fole as he was,

And aske God mercy for his trespas.

The plowman thought ever on his whete,

And sayd, " Agayne I shall it never gete."

Than he wente, and to his wyfe sayd,

How that the parsone had hym betrayde ;

And sayd, " Whyle that I lyve certayne,

Preest shall I never trust agayne "

Thus for his corne that he gave there,

His pater noster dyde he lere ;

And after longe he lyved withouten stryfe,

Tyll he went from his mortall lyfe.

The persone disceased after also ;

Theyr soules I truste to heven dyde go.

Unto the whiche he us brynge,

That in heven reygneth eternall kynge.

HlUl.

48 RELIQUl.E ANTIQU^.

THE FIVE JOYS OF THE VIRGIN.

From a MS. in the Library of Trin. Coll. Camb. B. U, 39, of the first half
of the thirteenth century.

V Gaudia.

Seinte Marie, levedi brist,
Moder thou art of muchel mist,

Quene in hevene of feire ble ;
Gabriel to the he liste,
The he brouste al wid riste

Then holi gost to listen in the.
Godes word ful wel thou cnewe;
Ful mildeliche therto thou dewe,

Ant saidest, " So it mote be !"
Thi thonc was studevast ant trewe ;
For the joye that to was newe,

Levedi, thou have merci of me !

H Seinte Marie, moder milde,
Thi fader bicome to one childe,

Suc joye ne scal never eft be.
The stronge fend, that was so wildc,
Godes hondiwerc he spilde,

For on appel of the tre,
Levedi, mon thou broutest bote,
The stronge fend an under fote,

Tho thi sone was boren of the :
For the joye that tho was swote,
Levedi, yemme grace that I mote

Wid al mine miste lovien the !

H Seinte Marie, quene in londe,
Godes moder ant Godes sonde,

That te sculde ben so wo ;
Jewes heden thi sone an honde,
Judas soldin hem to honde,

On the rode heo gonnen him slo ;
The thridde dai he ros to live ;
Levedi, ofte were thou blive,

Ac never so thou were tho.
Levedi,. for then ilke sive
That tou were of thi sone blive,

Al mi sunnes thou do me fro !

ir Seinte Marie, maj^dan ant mere,
So lengore o so betere thou were,

Thou here hem alle that clepet the to :

HELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 49

In muchele blisse that tou were,
Tho thinne swete sone i-bere

I-seie him in to hevene sten.
E sit arist as ure drist,
And weldet al, as hit is rist,

We mowen i-heren ant i-sen.
Levedi, for thi muchele miste,
The swete blisse of hevene briste,

Seinte Marie, herude me.

ir The fifte joie is feirest in wede,
Tho thou in to hevene trede,

To him that was of the i-born.
Nou thou art in hevene quene,
Mit tine sone, brist ant scene ;

Al folc t^e heret therfore.
Thereisjoie ant eke bHsse,
That ever last, wid-oute misse ;

Ant ther thou art quene i-corn.
Levedi, tuet thou me mi beue,
For the joie that ever is newe,

Thou let me never be furlorn !

Wrt.

THE TEN COMMANDMENTS,

IN VERSE.

From MS. Q. T. 3. of the fifteenth century, in the Library of Jesus
College, Cambridge.

In heven shall dwell all cristen men

That knawe and kepe Goddes biddyngis ten.

Primum Mandatwn.
Thow shalt luf God with hert entere,
With all thy sauU and all thy myght ;
Other god in no manere
Thow shalt not have, by day nor nyght. '

Secundum Mandatum.
Thy Goddes name in vanyte
Thow shalt not take, for Avele nor wo ;
Dismembyr hym noght, that on a tre
For the was made bothe blak and blo.

Teriium 3Iandatum.
Thy haUday kepe wele alsso,
Fra bodely werk thow take thy rest ;

50 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUJE.

And all thy howshald the same sall do,
Bothe wyf and childe, servant and beste.

Quartum Mandatum.

Thy fadir and modir thow shalt honour,
Noght onely with reverence,
Bot in thaire nede thou thaym socour,
And kepe ay gode obedience.

Quintum Mandatum.

Of mankynde thou shalt none sle,
Ne harm with worde, wyll, nor dede ;
Ne suffir non lorn ne lost to be,
If thow wele may than help at nede.

Sextum Mandatum.

Thy wyf thou may in tyme wele take,
Bot non other womman lawfulle ;
Lechory and synful lust thou fle and forsake,
And drede ay God where so thou be.

Septimum Mandatum.

Be thou no thef, nor theves fere,
Ne nothing wyn with trechery;
Okur ne symony cum thow not nere,
Bot conciens clere kepe ay trewely.

Octavum Mandatum.

Thow shalt in worde be trewe alsso ;
And fals wytnes thou shalt none bere ;
Loke thow not lye for frende nor foo,
Lest thow thy sauU full gretely dere.

- r Nonum Mandatum.

Thy neghbur wyf thou not desire,
Nor othir wymmen Avith syn covet,
Bot as haly kirk wald it were,
Right so thy purpos loke thou set.

Decimum Mandatum.

Hows, he land, ne othir thyng,
Thow shalt not covet wrangfully ;
Bot kepe ay wele Goddes biddyng,
And cristen fayth trow stedfastly.

Hllll.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE. 51

MEDICAL RECEIPTS.

Selected from a fragmentofa MS. on vellum, of the 14th cenfury, in the
possession of J. O. Halliwell, Esq. (No. 335.) It appeais to be written in
rather a Northern dialect, but there is no intemal evidence of its age or of
the part of the country where it was written. In several circumstances, it
bears a remarkable resemblance to the earlier Anglo-Saxon Medical books.

For hym that is in the jaunes : tak wormot and seth hit
lange in water, and wasch the seke man with that Avater thrys
ryght wele, and gyf him to drynk y vore schavyn smal in wyne.
Another : tak the rote of borage, and yf he be harde tharin
stamp hit, and temper hit with a lytill ale, and do tharto
saffronne, and gif hym .iij. sopes thre dayes at morn and even.
.... Another : drynk sorell, plantayne, and chekyn-mete tem-
pered with alde ale morne and even. . . . Another : tak yvore
and saffronne, and stamp to-gyder, and temper hit upp with
haly water, and drynk hit morne and even, when thu gas to

bedde Another : tak a tenche, and clefe hit in twa al

qwyk, and do away the banes, and lay hit to the herte and to
the rybbes ; the seek man or woman sal drynk na strang ale,
bot mengyd with feble ale, no ete no gees no doune no roste,
na na maner of beef no porke, ne noght that commes of swyne,
no drynk no wyne, no no new ale, ne nathyng that hate es, few
clathes bath nyght and day swa . . . . (a leaflost.)

For hym that haves the squynansy : tak a fatte katte, and
fla hit wele, and clene, and draw oute the guttes, and tak the
grees of an urcheon, and the fatte of a bare, and resynes, and
feinygreke, and sauge, and gumme of wodebynde, and virgyn
wax ; al this mye smal, and farse the catte within als thu
farses a gos, rost hit hale, and geder the grees and enoynt hym
tharwith.

For the crampe : tak rew and stamp hit wele, and vc: ^ hit
with fresch butter, and do hit in a vessel .ix. dayes, and ^over
hit wele, and then boyle hit, and draw hit thurgh a clath, and
do than therto wax, and ensens, and boyle hit, and scome hit,
and do hit in boystes, and enoynt the therwith.

Another for wynd and ventosite, that men callis collica
passio, and this es wel proved : tak and make the a girdil of
seel skyn, and whil thu weres hit aboute thi body thu sal noght
have collicam passionem.

For evel and werke inbledder : tak ache, percel, and fenkel,
of ilkane i-lyk mykell, and stamp tham wele, and temper tliam
with water, and drynk hit.

52 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

For the stane : tak grummel, percel, rede nettil, violet, fran-
ken ensens, and cliiristane kirnels, and stamp tham to-gyder,
and temper tham with stale ale and drynk hit. Another : tak
everferne that grewes on the ake, and tak the rotes in Averell,
and wasche hit wele, and stamp hit, tak .ij. copful of stale ale
and a copful of hony, and do tharto, and hete hit a lytil, and
do away the scome, and drynk therof wha so will softely be de-
lyverde. . . . Another : tak a hare withouten wounde, and the
blak snayle, and bryn in a new pot al to pouder, and meng hit
in gude ald ale, and drynk hit. . . . Another : tak the blode of
a gayte buke, and do hit in a glasse when the mone is wa-
nande, and the .ix. day in that ilk mone tak the skyn of an hare
al blody, and dry hit at the fire to thu may make pouder therof,
and pouder of seede of lanett a sponfull, and of love-ache a
sponfull, and of percell .ij. sponful, of the pouder of the skyn a
sponful, and .ij. sponful of saffronn, and of buk blode .ij. sponful,
temper al to-gider, and gyf hym drynke in leuke wyne, and in
a bathe. And if thu wil prove that hit es sothe, do therin qwat
stane that thu will, and thu sal fynde hit broken on the thirde
day.

Another for to breke the stane : tak a cok that es a twel-
moneth alde, and opon hym, and thu sal iynde in his mawe
white stanes ; stamp tham wele in a morter, with a pestell of
yren, or how so thu may, and temper hit with wyne, and drynk
hit; and if thu has the herberd, temper hit with water, and
drynk hit. Another : tak a scutarde als hale als he es taken,
and bryn him in a newe potte al to powder, and of tha pouder
ete ilka day next thi herte or in thi potage or how thu may best.

For to draw oute a thorne : tak the barke of the hauthorne
and stamp hit wele in red wyne, and do hit on the sare als hate
als thu may suffrye hit ; the rancle sal abate, the thorn sal ga
oute, the sare sal slake.

For male de flaunke : tak the rotes of rede nettilles and
playntayne, and stamp tham wele in ale, and do tharto cray
that thir parchemeners wirkes withall, and ger hym drynk hit.
Another : tak the sedes of the rede dok, and gif hym at ete
morn and even, bot kepe hym fra appels etyng.

For werke and swellyng in thees or fete : tak the rote of
walwort, and seth hit in water, and tak hit than, and do away
the overmast rynd, and tak the mydihnaste rynde, and stamp
hit ^\ith bare greese, and do hit on a clath, and bynd hit therto.
Another, for bohiying : tak the souredock, and falde hit in a
kale lefe, and lay hit on the aymers, and stamp hit, and lay hit
on the sare.

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^. 53>

For schankes broken oute : tak the white malue, and bryn
hit, and tak the askes, and bare grees, and stamp tham togider,
and enoynt the sare therwith, and tak of tha askes, and mak
lee, and wasch thi thees and thi schankes tharwith, ar thu
enoynt tham, and eftirwarde when thu will wasch away the
grees, tak the white of .iij. egges mad in glayer, and whete
flour, and erth of an oven, and playster al-to-gider, and do on a
lyn clath, and wynde aboute the sare .

For the rancle and bolning : . . .tak the rede netylles on
Myssomer even, and dry tham, and make pouder of tham, and
do in the wounde. Another : tak avaunce, matfelon, yarow,
and sanygill, and stamp tham, and temper tham with stale ale,
and drynk hit morn and at even. Another for the rancle; tak
the leves of loveache, and stamp tham, and temper tham with
wyne, and gif the seke man a sponful at morne and another at
even. Another for bolnyng whare so it be : tak schepe tridels,
or swynes muk, and seth it in white wine, and lay hit al hate
opon the bolnyng, for hit helpes in al bolnynges.

For brynnyng with wilde fyre : tak rest bacon, and do hit
on agrene hesill styk ; than fill hit fuU of dry sponyng of hesill,
and bryn hit swa, and kepe the droppyng in a newe waschen
dische ful of water, and enoynt the brynnyng therwith.

A gude oynment for kyles, woundes, broken banes, bolnyng
of felon, and for the goute : tak bugle, senygle, avance, vio-
lete, ache, waybrede, lylly, henbane, and morell, gumme of
asoure, plumtre, wax, white pik, that this spicers calles pix
alhuin, and fresch swyne grees or of a bare, and fresch sewet
of aherte, and fresch talgh of a schepe, of ilkane y-lyk mykel,
stamp the greses wele ; do al this thynges to-gyder in a panne,
and wel tham wele, and do rykels therto, and wryng hit thurgh
a clath in to a clene bacyn, and when hit es keled do hit in
boystes.

For a man that sal begyn to travayle : tak mugworte, and
cary hit with the, and thu sal noght fele na werynesse, and
whare thu dos it in houses na elves na na evyll thynges may
com therin, ne qware herbe Jon comes noyther.

For to make a Avoman say the what thu askes hir : tak a
stane that es called a gagate, and lay hit under hir left pappe
when scho slepes, that scho wit noght, and, yf the stane be gude,
al that thu askes hir scho sal say the what scho has done.

For to make a womans neke white and softe : tak fresch
swynes grees molten, and hennes grees, and the Avhite of egges
half rosted, and do therto a lytel popyl mele, and enoj-nt hir
therAvith ofte.

54 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

For to wete yf a seke man sal ly ve or dy. . . . Qwen his
broues hildes doune ; the lefte eigh mare than the ryght ye ;
neyse ende waxes sharp ; his eres waxes calde ; his eighen
waxes holle ; the chyn falles ; his eighen and his mouth es opon ;
when he slepes bot he be wont tharto ; his ere-lappes waxes
lethy ; his fete waxes calde ; his wambe falles away : if he
pulle the straes or the clathes ; if he pyke athis neyse thrilles ;
his forhede Avaxes rede ; yonge man ay wakang ; alde man ay
slepand; his twa membres waxes calde agayne kynde, and
hydes tham; if he rutills; this er the takenynges of dethe, for-
sothe witte thu wele he sal noght leve thre dayes.

For the fever quarteyn : . . . tak on Myssomer even eftir the
sonne sette, or on the morne ar the sonne ryse, and geder pu-
lioll real with the rotes als mykel als the lekes, and dry hit,
and kepe hit to Yole, and lay that puliol on oyle nyght oponthe
auter, and late hit ligge til thre messys be soungen, and thu sal
se hit floresch al, newe floures bryng furth ; than tak hit away,
and kepe hit, and when thu will gyf hit hym that has the fever
quarteyne, stamp the floure and temper hit with warme wyne,
and gyf hit hym at drynk, dicendo ter, Pater noster.

For the fever lente : qwha thathas the fever agu, that men
calles lente evell, if the sekeman heved werkes that he may
noght slepp, tak everferne that waxes on the ake, with the rote,
and seth hit wele, and tak mynt, of ayther y-hk mekell, and
stamp tham wele, and mak ane emplaster, and lay on the for-
heyd, and on the thunwanges, but enoynt hym first with
popilion.

If thu wenes the fever sal tak the man or the morne : tak on
the even before a gude fatte ele, and do hit al qwhik in a litel
pocenet ful of gude wyne, and cover hit wele with a tegheli
stane that hit gaught oute, and lat hit be swa all nyght ; on the
morne are the evell tak hym, undo that ele, and mak hit clene,
and sethe hit wele with the skynne, and gif the sekeman at
ete of this ele, or all if he may, and the wyne that hit es sothen
in ger hym drynk ofF, and with Goddes grace he sal be de-
liverd of his evel.

For [to] do a man have the fevers, and sone do tham away :
tak a neder alle qwik, and horned wormys that men calles the
nutres neghen and seth tham in a new pote with water, and
gider the homur that es abowen, and the grees thu fyndes in
the potte, and do hit in a clene lome, and than sal thu, qwham
that thu wille haf the fevers, enoynt his handes within and his
fete underneth and his thunwanges, and he sal tremble and
qwake als sone ; and qwen thu will do hit away, do hym in a

\

RELIQUI.E AXTIQU.E. 55

fatte ful of hate water upp to the chynne, and [he] sal be de-
liverd al sone.

For the goute : . . . tak leves of the henbane on Mydesomer
evene, and stamp tham a litell, and fiU a mykell potte bretfull,
and thrille the potte bothomm, and cover it abowen Avith a
teghell stane, and make ahole depe in the erth under the herth-
stane, and do that pott tharin, and sett a litell lede under the
pott bothomm to kepe in the oyle tha commes of the henbane
thurgh the potte, fiU than the hole up all abowte the potte with
erthe, and lay agayne the erthstane, and dyght it that thow
may mak thi fire tharon alle that twelfmoneth; than tak up
that thou fyndes in the lede, and do hit derely up in vessell of
glas. This oyle is wonderly gude to the goute, and to rancle,
and to many other evelle, if hit be oft sythes enoynt tharwit
by the fire. If thu has noght this oile, tak that oyle that es
made of the sede of henbane als men makes of other sedes, and
enoynt the goute tharewith.

Another drynk to wounde : tak confery, marigolde, matfelon,
mylfoyle, avance, cerfoyle, herbe Robert, ambrose, maroile,
pellwet, rede-dok, polipody, the qwite rote of walwort, bay-
wort, and celidoyne, of ilkane illike mykell, and of madre
hafe the wegh of al thir othir herbes byfor nevend, seth tham
in ale or in wyne, and drynk tham morn and even, and do als
hit says before.

For hym that es gorwoundede : tak a har of a hare skyn,
and wynde hit rownde als a appel, and swelglt hit done, and he
salle be sauf.

The latter part of tlie MS. is in a different hand, written apparently at the
end of the fourteenth or eariy in the fifteenth centurj' ; it consists also of
medical receipts, among which are the two following.

For to make rubarbe : kutte away the bowys of the brome
anone to the rote, than dygge away al abowte the rote, so that
ye may come wel therto ; than perse hym with holys alle
aboM'te, so that no hole mete with other, and so lete stonde alle
the xij. monthe, then take hym uppe.

Yf thu wehe preve mastereys : take a cocke chyke, and
putte a knyffe throw his hede, and than put the jus of fylage
in the hole, and he schale go forthe and krow, and lyve never
the worse.

Wri.

56 RELIQUIjE antiqu^.

A RECEIPT TO CATCH FISHES.

From a quarto Manuscript on vellum, of the beginning of the fifteenth
century, in the possession of J. O. Halliwell, Esq. (No. 8, fol. 50, r",)
consisting of Astrological, Medical, and Miscelianeous fragments.

To make alle thejisches in a pont to come to thy hond.

Tak palma Christi and frankandsence, and medul hem to-
gedir, and put hit in a fome clowte, and hold the pouder on thi
finger that a gold ryng is upon, and wasch thi hond in every
corner of the pont, fisches wolle come to thi honde.

SONG.

From MS. Harl. 3810, fol. 13. v% of the fifteenth century.

Serve thy God trwle ;
And the world bj-sely ;
Ete thy mete merely,

So schalt thu lyve in hele.

3if thou be visite with poverte,

Take it not to hevyle;

For he that sende the adversite

May turne the ajen to wele.

If thou be in prosperite,
Set not to lyte by poverte ;
Spende aftur thy degre,

And be not to lyberal.

Purpose thy selfe in charite ;
Demene thy worschip in honeste ;
Lete not nygardschip have the maystre,

For schame that may befalle.

Faver not meche thy rycches ;
Set not lyteel by worthynes ;
Kepe thyn hert from dowblenes,

For any manner tliing.

Loke thu love lowlynes ;

With merthe put awey hevynes ;

Lete not Avorldly bysynes

To wanhope the bryng.

Hllll

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU.E. 57

CREED AND PATER NOSTER.

From MS. Harl No. 3724. fol. 44, r". andv". ofthethirteenthcentury.

I bileve in God fadir almichty, sshipper of hevene and of
eorj^e, and in Jhesus Crist, his onlepi sone, ure loverd, j^at is
i-vang ]7urch ]>e holy gost, bore of Marie Mayden, ]?olede pine
under Pounce Pilat, picht on rode tre, ded and y-buriid, licht
in to helle, J?e jjridde day fram deth aros, steich in to hevene,
sit on his fadir richt honde, God almichti, ]?enne is cominde to
deme ]>e quikke and j^e dede. I bileve in ]>e holy gost, al holy
chirche, mone of alle halwen, forgivenis of sinne, fleiss upris-
iqg, lyf wi]?uten ende. Amen.

Pater Noster in Anglico.

Ure fader in hevene riche,

]ji name be haliid ever i-liche,

|)U bringe us to ]?i michil bhsce,

]5i wille to wirche ];u us wisse,

Als hit is in hevene i-do

Ever in eor|»e ben it al so,

])at holi bred J>at leste]? ay

])u send hit ous ]7is ilke day,

Forgive ous alle ]7at we havi]; don,

Als we forgivet uch o]7ir man,

Ne lete us falle in no fondinge,

Ak scilde us fro ]>e foule ]7inge. Amen.

On the verso of the last folio, in a later hand.

Silly sicht i seich, unsembly forte se,

As wil as hit was fetherto, fundind forte fle.

Wrt.

LATIN VERSES.

From the same Manuscript, fol. 4, v°.

Si tibi pulcra domus et splendida mensa, quid inde ]
Si non accessus hominum sit, tunc nichil inde.
Si conjux pulcra, si proles multa, quid inde ?
Si mulier meretrix, mala proles, tunc nichil inde.
Si decies hominum tibi serviat ordo, quid inde ]
Si domini servi perversi, tunc nichil inde.
Si doceas socios de quahbet arte, quid inde 1
Si cor non retinet quse discunt, tunc nichil inde.

H

58 RELIQUIiE ANTIQU.E.

Si pulcher fueris, sapiens, fortisque, quid inde ]
Si malus et mendax, non audax, tunc nichil inde.
Si tibi sint pecora, si prsedia multa, quid inde?
Tam cito prsetereunt hgec omnia, quod nichil inde.

Judice Francigena sacco portatur avena,

Sed Bachi vena ciatho, cratere, lagena.

Projiciatur humi, ne possit abinde resumi,

Fluctibus assumi dignissima filia fumi.

Filia festucse nostree contraria bucee,

Est dampnanda cruce, neque nocte placet neque luce.

Fiha fermenti nostrse contraria genti,

Mater tormenti nocitura nocensque bibenti.

Venter enim turget, quem fermenti furor urget,

Surgit et exurget, donec digestio purget.

Ecce molendinum fundit non vine vinum,

Potio mortaUs, mala potio, potio tahs, ^

Pernicies homini genus hoc potus peregrinum.

Hactenus hunc potum michi solo nomine notum,

Devoveat totum seria ventura nepotum.

A nobis totum se sentiat esse remotum,

Et fieri scotum qui mandit pro dape potum.

Si censura Jovis tribus apprecianda sit ovis,

Legibus ista novis reprimet sub judice quovis. Amen.

Wrt.

EPIGRAM ON THE DEGENERACY OF THE
TIMES.

From a quarto MS. of the fifteenth century on paper, in the Ahsmol. lib. a
Oxford, 750, f. 100. V.

Wytte is trechery ;
Love is lechery ;
Play is vileney ;
And holyday is glotery.
Olde man is skorned ;
3ong woman is wowed ;
Ryche man is glosed ;
And poure man is bowed.

Him.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 59^

PIOUS LEGENDS.

From some poemsin praise of the Mass, in MS. Harl. No. 3954, of the
latter half of the fourteenth century. It contains, besides these poems,
copies of the English version of Sir John Maundevile'3 Travels and Piers
Ploughman. The language bears a considerable resemblance to that of the
Songs and Carols in MS. Sloane, No. 2593, of which a selection was printed
by Mr. Pickering in 1 836, and which was conjectured to be in the dialect of
Warwickshire or Nottinghamshjre.

Narratio Sancti Augmtini. (fol. 75 r".)

Evyl gostes, wel thu wete,
Thyn evyl wordes han wrete

In here bokys ichon;
This wytnessyt sent Austyn,
That fyrst in Inglond with gyn

Trewe prechyng begon.
Beforn that Austyn to Inglond kome ;
With sen Gregory in Rome,

For sothe, he gan duelle,
Tyl on a day of derworthynesse
Sen Gregory wold seyn a messe,

Fayre as hymm befelle,
Onto sent Austyn he made a sygne,
For to ben hys dekene dygne,

To redyn hys gospelle ;
And as he redde, he sey a syth,
.iij. wyvys setyn to-gydder ryth,

Here talys gun thei telle.
Quat thei spokyn he herd al
Thour a wyndowe at a wai

Nout fer fro hys face.
He saw a fend syttyng therin,
With penne, ink, and parchemyn,

As God ^af hym grace.
He wrot so long that hym schant,
And hys skyn gan to want,

To spekyn he had space :
He had so mych haste,
With hys naylys faste

Hys rolle gan he race.
So sore ruffyn toggyd hus rolle,
That he smot with hys cholle

A^en the marbyl ston ;
Alle that sotyn ther aboute
Of the dynt Averyn a doute,

Hee herdynt everychon.
Quan the fend so foul drow,

60 RELIQUI.^ ANTIQU.E.

Sent Austyn stod and low ;

Gregory sore gan grame.
Ner for grame the good man grete ;
Quan he with Austyn gan mete,

He made to hym hys mane ;
And askyd hym with myld mod,
Qwo made hym so wytles wod

That day to done that dede.
Suech a dede was never done
He answeryd a^en sone, •'

Of hym he hadde drede:
" Sere, greve 3U not tyl 30 wete ;
3onder I saw Sathanas sete,

It semed hys hed gan blede ;
For he wrot before that brayd,
Al that .iij. wyvys sat and sayd,

As I stod for to rede.
Were ^e not frayid of the dynt 1
It banyd me and made me stynt

Out of my ryth stevene.
I seye but that I sey,
A word I Avyl not ley,

Be Jhesu Cryst of hevene.
Sere, ^e may ful wel trowe."
He let hym to the wyndowe,

That I before gan mene.
Lyk blod ther was bled,
As blak as ony pyk spred

Upon the pelerys evene,
Than the good man grevyd hym lasse ;
And komaundyd men at every masse

Of this myracle to mynne ;
And bad hem, with god wylle,
Stedfastly holdyn hem stylle

In chyrch quan thei weryn inne.
" Kep 3U out of Goddis warke,
Ther is no Avord that 30W skape,

But that 3e don synne.
To lettyn a prest in hys messe,
Al aloud myth fare the wersse,

Out of woo to wynne.
Of the wy vys gun thei wete,
Qwat hee spokyn as hee sete

Sent Austyn besyde.
Be here answer hee wyste wel
Thei hadde spokyn mykyl unseyl,

Hee mythtyn it not hyde.

■RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE. 61

Narratio de mrtute missarum. (fol 77, v°.)

Sumtyme ther was a poure man,

I xal 30U telle, as I can,

That labouryd and travaylyd for hus lyf ;

He had a good woman to hus wyf,

The poure man, I 30U say,

Was temptyd with a fend ny th and day ;

He was in poynt to for-doun hymselve

Aboutyn a ten tyme or .xij.

Hys wyf was evermore at hus hand,

And so sche gan hym Avithstand.

She was wys of here werk,

And preyid hym for to gon to kerk,

Of here persone to ben shreve ;

Therafter they xuldyn the better leve.

This man tok hys wyvys reed,

And to the persone gan hym sped,

And told hym al hys evyl dede,

And preyid hym to redyn hym sum rede.

The persone thout of that cas,

He sau ful perlyous it was;

3yf he for-dede hymself so,

He were for-lore for ever mo.

He bad that man al that ^er

Comyn every day a messe to her ;

" And 3yf thu wylt do so,

Thi destene thu xalt over-go."

The poure man seyd, nay,

Hym most travaylyn every day ;

He hadde non other levj-ng,

But of hys dayis travaylyng.

" 3yf I xuld a messe cum to,

That dayis werk me most for-go.''

The persone seyd, " be my fay !

I xal jef the a peny every day,

And cum and here thin messe snelle,

Quan I rynge the messe belle."

The poure man, withoutyn nay,

Com to messe every day

Quan he herde the belle rynge,

And had a peny to hys spendynge.

Thus he contynuyd al that ^ere,

Com every day a messe to here ;

And quan the messe Avas do,

Wente a^en hus laboure to ;

Tyl it was ny the ^erys ende,

62

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

A feyre therp was holdyn hende.

This poure man had suyn to selle,

And theder he wold, as I 3U telle.

On morwe he ros and gan hym dresse;

Hys wyf bad hym bydyn and here messe.

He answerd and seyd, nay,

He xuld here messe by the way;

Ther stod a chyrch as he xuld gon,

Ther wolde here hys messe done.

" For 3yf I byde the personus masse,

The feyre xal be mekyl passe."

He tok hys suyn and forth gan gone,

For by the chyrch hys thout was one.

Quan he com at the chyrche jate,

He fond a clerk stondynge ther-ate'.

The poure man seyde the clerk to :

" Is here ony messe to do 1"

The clerk seyde, " Nay, i-wys,

Of a messe thu myth well mys."

The poure man se^-de a^en there,

" A messe wolde 1 fayn here."

The clerk seyde, " So mote I the!

I have herd this day .iij.

Quat wylt thu ^eve, so Cryst the save !

And tak the qwych thu wylt have.

The man seyde, " So mote I the !

A peny xal I ^evyn the."

He seyde, " Nay, withoutyn lak,

No lece than the tabard on thi bak."

The man seyde, "That were me lotfor-bere;

Be neyin I have but sympul gere !

But rather than I xulde fayl,

Have it here for thi travavl ;"

He kest of his tabbard anon ;

The clerk gan it on done.

The clerk seyde, " So mote [1] the !

I have herd messes .iij, ;

On of the Trinyte that is most,

Anothere of the Holy Gost,

The .iij. ofoure lady fre ;

Tak qwych thu wylt to the."

The man seyde, "So mot I the!

I holde me to the Trinyte."

The clerk seyde, " Cryst the save !-

And graunte the al the mede that I xuld have !"

The man went fort with hys suyn,

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 63

And dede hys feyre wel an fyn ;
And as he cam homward a^yn,
He herde mekyl cry an dyn.
Summe crydyn and seydyn, alas!
Ther was fallyn a ferly cas;
A man that never was evyl of play ;
Hadde for-done hymself that day.
Than was it the clerk that I of tolde,
That had the medes of the messe solde;
Here he hadde the destenee
That the poure man xulde abe.
Than the man thoute in hus prevyte,
That was hys owyn destene,
And throu the vertu of the masse
It was away fro hym passe.
He went hom and dede hym shry ve,
And was a good man al hus lyve.
Be this example men moun se
Quat vertuwys in the messe be ;
Therefore I rede, be my fay !
We heren messe qwyl we may,
And do summe messys for to seyne
To bryngyn our frendes out of peyne^
Now God that suffrod for us ded,
And leftyt here thi body in bred,
Thu ^yf us grace to servyn the,
Here in erthe qwyl we be.
Amen ! Amen ! for charyte !

(fol. 87,r°.)

A place, as man may se,
Quan a chyld to scole xal set be,

A bok hym is browt,
Naylyd on a brede of tre,
That men callyt an abece,

Pratylych i-wrout.
Wrout is on the bok withoute
.v, paraffys grete and stoute,

Rolyd in rose-red ;
That is set withoutyn doute

In tokenyng of Cristes ded.
Red letter in parchemyn
Makyth a chyld good and fyn

Lettrys to loke and se.
Be this bok men may dyvyne
That Cristes body was ful of pyne,

That deyid on rode tre.

64 BELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE.

On tre he was don ful blythe,

With grete parafFys,that ben wondes .v.,

As ^e mon understonde.
Loke in hys body, mayde and wyfe,
Qwon hee gun naylys dryve

In fot and in honde ;
Hond and fout ther was ful woo,
And ther were lettrys many moo

Within and withoute.
With red wondes and strokes blo
He was dryve fro top to the too,

Hys fayre body aboute.
About -this a pece I wyl spede,
That I myth this lettrys rede,

Withoutyn ony dystaunce.
But God that let hys body sprede
Upon the rode for manys nede,

In hevene us alle avaunce !
God with spere was wondyd for us,
Fals Judas to mendyn hys purs

To ded hath hymm sold.
On Goodfryday clerkys seyn thus,
Mortuus est, ded is Jhesus,

In ston is ded and cold.

The l.itter piece is the introduction to a poem of near 200 liues, of which
each paragraph begins with the different letters of the alphabet in succes-
sion.

Wrl.

DEATH AND ITS PRECURSORS.

From MS. Harl. 7322, a common-place book on vellum of the fourteenth

cenlury.

f. 79. r". Kinge I sitte and loke aboute,

To-morwen y mai beon \vithoute.

Wo is me ! a kinge ich was ;

This Avorld ich lovede, bote that I las.

Nouth longe gon I svas ful riche,

Now is riche and poure i-liche,

Ich shal beo kinge, that men shulle seo,

When thou wrecche ded shalt beo.

f. 121. r". Alle his frendes he shal beo loth,
And hekid shal ben with a cloth ;
Hyse eres shullen dewen ;

RELIQUI.*: ANTIQU.E. 65

And his eyen shullen dymmen ;

And his nese shal sharpen ;

And his skyn shal starken ;

And his hew shal falewen ;

And his tonge shal stameren ; (other famelen)

And his lippes shulle bliken ;

And his hondes shulle quaken ;

And his teth shuUe ratelen;

And his throte shal rotelen ;

And his feet shullen streken ;

And his herte shal breken ;

And of al this wordles b[l]iss6

Ne wold y ^eve a pese i-wis ;

Thou that art so proud,

Ne shalt thou have bute a clout.

miii

THE SEVEN BEASTS OF SIN, AND THEIR
WHELPS.

From the Rule of Nuns, by Simon de Ghent, in IMS. Cotton. Nero A.
XIV. fol. 50, vq. of the middle of the thirteenth century. Two other copies
are preserved in the British Museum, MSS. Cotton. Titus D. XVIII. and
Cleop. C. VI. The latter MS. is the oldest of the three. We intend on
future occasions to give Extracts from the other MSS. In Magdalen CoUege,
Oxford, is preserved a Latin translalion of this book.

Holy men 3 holi wummen beo^ of alle vondunges swu"Sest
ofte i-tempted, ~\ han to goddre heale; vor i]?e vihte ageines
han, heo bigite-S }>e blisfule kempene crune. Lo ! ]>auh hwu
he mene^S ham bi Jeremie : persecutores nostri velociores aqidlis
celi, super montes persecuti suntnos; in deserto insidiati sunt
nobis. ])et is, ure wi^erwines beo^ swdfture ]?en }>e earnes ;
up orSe hulles heo clumben efter us, ^ ]7er fuhten mid us, ■^ get
i^Se wildernesse heo aspieden us to slean. Ure wi]>erwines
beoS ]?reo : J^e veond, ]?e world, -^ ure owune vleshs, ase ich er
seide. LihtHche ne mei me nout o]7erhule i-cnowen hwuc of
Jjeos ]?reo Aveorre^ him; vor everichon helpe^ o])er, ];auh }?e
veond kundeliche eggeS us to atternesse, as to prude, to over-
howe, to onde, '-^ to wre^Se, ^ to hore attri kundles, }>etbeo^ her
efter i-nemmed, J^et flesh put propremen touward swetnesse, -y
touward eise, ^ toward softnesse, ant te world bit mon giscen
wordes weole •] wunne ^ wurschipe, ^ o]?er swuche ginegoven,
))et bidweolie^ kang men to luvien one scheadew^e. J)eos wi-
"Serwines, he seiS, voluwed us on hulles, ^ awaite-S us iSe

I

66 RELIQUIiE ANTIQU.E.

wildernesse, huheo usmuwen hermen. Hul, ]7et is heihhf, ]>ev
]?es deofles assauz beo"S ofte strengest; wildernesse, ]7et is on-
lich hf of ancre wuninge, vor also ase ine wildernesse, beoS
alle wilde bestes, ^ nulle^ nout i-]>olen monnes neihlechunge,
auh fleo^ hwon heo ham i-here^ oJ?er i-seo^, also schulen
ancren over alle o]?re wummen beon wilde o J^isse wise, ^ ]>eonne
beoS heo over alle o]>re leovest to ure loverde, ^ swetest him
]7uncheS ham ; vor of alle flesches ]7eonne is wilde deores
fleschs leovest •;] swetest, I ]>isse wildernesse wende ure
loverdes folc,ase Exode telle^S, touward tet eadie londe of Jeru-
salem, ]>et he ham hefde bihoten. And ge, mine leove sustren,
wendeiS bi ]>en ilke Aveie toward te heie Jerusalem, to ]7e kine-
dom f he have^ bihoten his i-corene. GoS }?auh ful ^varliche,
vor i ]>isse wildernesse beo'6 monie uvele bestes; liun of prude,
neddre of attri onde, unicorne of wre^^e, beoreof dead slouh-Se,
vox of giscunge, suwe of givernesse, scorpiun mid te teile of
stinkinde lecherie, ]>et is golnesse. Her beo^ nu a-reawe i-told
\>e seoven heaved sunnen.

'pe liun of prude have^ swu^Se monie hweolpes, ■3 ich chulle
nemmen summe. Vana gloria hette \e vorme, ]>et is hwo se
let wel of ei ]jing }>et heo de^, '^ wolde habben word ]>erof, •3 is
wel i-paied gif heo is i-preised, ~) mis i-paied gif heo nis i-told
swuch ase heo wolde. jje o^ex hweolp hette indignatio, ]?et
is hwo se ]7unche^ hokerlich of out 'Set heo i-sih^ bi o]>re, o^er
i-hereS, o]>er vorhoweS chastiement, o]?er lowure lore. ])e
]>ridde hweolp is Ipocrisis, ]?et is ]?eo ]>et makeS hire betere
]7en heo beo. Jje veorSe is, presumptio, \ei is ]>eo 'Set nimeiS
more an hond ]>en heo mei overcumen, o]?er entremeteS hire of
J^inge J^et to hire ne valleS. be vifte hweolp hette inobedi-
ence, J^et is ^et child ]7et ne buh^ nout his eldre, underling his
prelat, paroschian his preost, meiden hire dame, everich lowure
his herre. })e sixte hweolp is loquacitas, ]>eo vede^ ]7esne
hweolp ]>et beoS of muchel speche, gelpe^, ^ deme^ o]>re,
lauhweS o^er hwules, gabbe^, upbreide^, chidcS, vikele-S,
sturie^ leihtres. })e seove^e hweolp is blasphemie ; ]7isses
hweolpes nurice is ^Se \ei swere^S greate o^es, o^er bitterliche
kurse^, o]>er missei^ bi God, o]7er bi his haluwen, nor eni ]>ing
"Se he ]7ole^, i-sih^, o^er i-here]?. ])8 eihteoSe hweolp is im-
pacience ; ]?esne hwelp fet hwo se nis nout ]>olemod agean alle
wowes, ^ in alle uveles. Jje nige^e hweolp is contumace ; 3
]>esne hweolp fet hwo se onwil ine ]>inge "Set heo have^S under-
numen vorto donne, beo hit god, beo hit uvel, so ^et non Avisure
read nemei bringen hire ut of hireriote. Monie o]>re ]>er beo-5
'Set cume^ of weole, ^ of wunne, of heie kunne, of feire clo}>es,
of wit, of wlite, of strenc^e. Of heie live waxeS prude, ~\ of
hoh ]>eauwes. Monie mo liAveolpes ]>en ich habbe i-nempned

RELIQUI-E ANTIQU.E. 67

have-S "pe liun of prude i-hweolped ; auh abuten J^eos ■j?enche'S
~} astudieS wel swu^e, vor ich go lihtHche over, ne do bute
nempnie ham, Auh ge everih\\-ar hwar se ich go s-\^'u^est for^,
bileave ge ]7e lengure, vor 'pev ich fejjri on, awurSe^ tene o]?er
tweolve. Hwo se have"S eni un]?eau of |;eo ^et ich er nemde,
o^er ham i-liche, heo have^ prude sikerliche, hu se ever hire
kurtel beo i-scheaped, oj^er i-seouwed, heo is liunes make j^et
ich habbe i-speken of, j fet his wode weolpes wiSinnen hire
breoste.

pe neddre of attri onde haveS seove kundles. Ingratitudo;
];esne kundel bret hwo se nis nout i-cnowen of god dede, auh
telle^ lutel ];erof, o]7er vorgiteS mid alle : god dede ich sigge
nout one ]?et mon de-S him, auh ]7et God deS him, oSer have^S
i-don him, o^er himo^erhire, more ]?en heo understonde. Gif
heo hire wel bij^ouhte, of ]?isse un]?eauwe me nimed to lutel
geme, ant is ]7auh of alle on lo-Sest God, •]) mest agean his grace.
he o]>er kundel is, rancor sive odium, \ei is, hatunge o]?er great
heorte ; ];e "Set bret ]?esne kundel in hire breoste, al is attri to
gode, ]?et heo ever wurche^. ]?e ]?ridde kundel is of]7unch-
unge of o]7res god. ]?e veor^e is gledschipe of his uvel, lauh-
wen o]7er gabben gif him mis biveolle. Jje vifte is ^vreiunge.
Jje sixte, bacbitunge. Ije seove-Se, upbrud o-Ser schornunge.
Hwar ase eni of Jjeos was, o]>er is, ]7er was o^er is ]?e kundel,
o]7er }>e olde moder, of ]?e attri neddre of onde.

J)e unicorne of wreSSe ]7et bere^S on his neose yene horne,
})et he asnese^S mide alle ]7eo "Set he areache^, have^ six
hweolpes ; ]?e vormeste is cheaste, o]7erstrif; ]ie o^er is wod-
scipe ; ]?e Jjridde is schenful upbrud ; ]?e veor Se is wariunge ;
\e vifte is dunt ; ]?e sixte is wil ^et him uvele i-tidde, o];er on
him sulf, o]7er on his freond, o^er on his eihte.

])e bore of hevi slouh^e haveS ]?eos hweolpes. Torpor is };e
vorme, ]?et is wlech heorte, ]?et schulde leiten al o leie, ine hive
of ure loverde. ]?e dpex is, pusillanimitas , ]7et is to poure i-
heorted ^ to herde mid alle, eni heit ]?ing to undernimen, ine
hope of godes helpe, 'y ine truste of liis grace, ^ nout of hire
strencSe. ])e ])ridde is cordis gravitas ; ]?esne hweolp haveS
hwo se wurche^S god, ■3 deS hit tauh mid one deade ~^ mid one
hevie heorte. ])e veorSe hweolp is idehiesse, \e\. is hwo se
stunt mid alle. Jje vifte is heorte grucchunge. J)e sixte is a
dead scoruwe vor lure of eie worldliche J^inge, oljer of freond,
o];er vor eni un^Sonc, bute vor sunne oue. ])e seove^e is,
gemeleaschipe, o\ex to siggen, o^er to don, ober to biseon
bivoren, o^er te ]7enchen efter, o^er mis witen ei }?ing \ei heo
have^ to witene. ])S eihteoSe is unhope ; })es laste bore hweolp
is grimmest of alle, vor hit to-cheoweS "^ to-vret Godes milde
milce, -j his muchele merci, "^ his unimete grace.

68 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

pe vox of giscunge have^ ]7eos hweolpes ; tricherie ; ^ gile ;
]?eofSe ; reflac ; wite ; ^ herrure stren^e ; vals-witnesse, o^er
o^ ; simonie ; gavel ; oker ; vestschipe of geoue, o]7er of love ;
monsleiht o^er hule. jjeos un])eawes beo^ to voxe vor monie
reisuns i-efnede Two ich chulle siggen ; muche gile is i^e
voxe, •]) so is ine giscunge, of worldhche bigeate ; and an o^er
reisun is, j^e vox awurie^S all enne floc, j^auh he ne muwe bute
one vrechhche vorswoluwen, also gisce^ a gissare ]?et nwni
]?usunt muhten bi flutten, auh J>auh his heorte berste, he ne mei
bruken on him sulf bute one monnes dole. Al -Set mon oj^er
wummon wibie^ more ]>en heo mei gnedehche leden hire
hf bi, everich efter 'Set heo is, al is giscunge -^ rote of deadljch
sunne. Ipet is riht rehgiun, 'pet everich efter his stat, boruwe
et tisse vrakele worlde so lutel so heo ever mei, of mete, of
clo^e, of eihte, ^ of all worldliche ]?inges. Understonde^S wel
"Sis word ^ ich ou sigge everich efter his stat ; vor hit is i-
ve^SSred, }?et is i-charged, ge moten makien 'Sed wute ge in
monie wordes muche strencSe; ]>enchen longe ]jer abuten,
^ biSet ilke o word, understonden monie wordes ]»et hmpe^
J^erto, vor gif ich scholde writen alle, hwonne comeich toende?

Jje suwe of givernesse, ]>et is glutunie, have^S pigges ]7us i-
nemmed ; to erhche hette ])et on ; ]>et o^Ser, to esthche ; ]?et
J>ridde, to vrechhche ; ]jet feor^e hette to muchel; ])et fifte, to
ofte ine drunche, more ])en ine mete. Jjus beoS ]?eos pigges i-
nemned. Ich speke scheorthche of ham, vor ich nam nout of
dred, mine leove sustren, ]>et ge ham veden.

pe scorpiun of lecherie, ]>et is of golnesse, have^S swuche
kundles, pet in one wel i-cowune mu^e hore summes nome
ne sit nout vor to nemmen, vor ]>e nome one muhte hurten alle
wel i-cowune earen, ^ fulen alle clene heorten. jjeo me mei
nemmen wel, hwas nomen me i-cnoweS wel, ^ heo beo^ more
herm is to monie, al to ku-Se ; ase hordom ; eaubruche : meide-
lure; •^ icest, ]>et is bitwhwe sibbe, vleshche oSer gosthche,
"Set is i monie i-deled : on is ful wil vorted on ]>et fulSe, mid
skilles gettunge, ]>et is, hwonne ]>e schii '^ te heorte ne wi-S-
sigge^S nout, auh like"S we\~) gime-S al "Set tet fleschs to proke^S,
•;} helpen oSer ]>ideward beon waite ■] witnesse ]?erof, hunten
]>ev efter, mid wouhinge, mid togginge, o^er mid eni tollunge,
mid gigge leihtre, mid horeien, mid eni hhte Isetes, mid geoue,
mid tollinde wordes, o^er mid luve speche, cos, unhende gro-
punges : "Set beo^ heaved sunnen, luvien tide, o^er time,
oSer stude, vorto kumen ine swuche keite, 'j o]>eT swuche
vorrideles, 'Set me mot ferbuwen. Hwo se nule i^e muchele
ful ^e venliche vallen, ase seint Austin sei^S : omissis occasion-
ibus, qui solent aditum aperire peccaiis, p)otest consciencia
esse incohimis ; }>et is, hwo se wule hire inwit -s^-iten clene ^

RELIQri.E ANTIQU.E. 69

feir, heo mot fleon ■Se vorrideles, ■Set beoS i-wunede ofte to
openen ]jet ingong 'j leten in sunne. Ich ne der nemmen 'peo
unkundeliche kundles of ]?isse deovel scorpiun, attri i-teiled ;
auh sori mei heo beon, \>et mid fere o-Ser wi^uten, have^ so
i-ved eni kundel of hire golnesse, j^et ich ne mei speken of
vor scheome, ne ne der vor drede, leste sum leorne more uvel
'pen heo con, ~i ]?erof beo i-temted. Auh j^enche everich of hire
owune awariede cundles in hire goinesse. Vor hwu so hit
ever is i-don willes -] wakiinde mid flesches likunge, bute one
ine wedlake, hit is deadhch sunne. Ine guweSe me deS
wundres, gulche hit ut ine schrifte utterliche ase heo hit dude,
]?eo Set i-vele"b hire schuldi, o]?er heo isi-demed ]?uruh -Sefule
brune, to ])e eche fur of helle. jje scorpiunes cundel "Set heo
bret in hire boseme, schek hit ut mid schrifte, ■j slea hit mid
dedbote. Inouhis e^cene hwu ich habbe i-efnedprude to liun,
-j onde to neddre, -^ of alle ^e o]?re wiSuten ];is laste, ]7et is, hwu
golnesse beo i-efned to scorpiun : auhlo ! her Se skile ]>erof, sutel
ant e^Scene. Salomon sei-S : Qui apprehendit midierem, quasi
qui apprehendit scorpionem. ]?e scorpiun is ones cunnes vvurm
^et have^ neb ase me sei^ sumdel i-liche ase wummon ; ■^ is
neddre biliinden, makeS feir semblaunt, ■j fikeS mid teheaved,
■;] stingeS mid te teile ; ]?et is lecherie, ^et is ]7es deofles best,
^et he let to chepinge ■j to everich gederinge, ~^ cheapeS hit
forto sullen, -} biswikeS monie]7uruh ^et heo ne biholdeS nout
bute Set feire heaved. jjet heaved is biginninge of golnesses
simnen, -} te licunge ]7eo hwule -Set hit i-lest, ^et ]>unche-S so
yswu]7e swete ; \e teil, ■Set is ]7e ende ]7erof, ];et is sor of]7un-
chung ]7erof, "^ stinge-S her mid atter of bitter bireousinge, ■^ of
dedbote, -] i-selihche muwun heo siggen ]7et ]>ene teil swuch
i-vindeS, vor ^et atter age-S, auh gif hit ne suweS her, \e teil -^
]?e attri ende is -Se eche pine of helle. ~] nis he fol chepmon,
]jet hwon he wule buggen hors oSer oxe, gif he nule biholden
bute -Set heaved one ] vor ];i hwon -Se deovel beode-S for^ ]7is
best, ■] beot hit to sullen, ~\ bit ]?ine soule ]7ervore, he hut ever
]?ene teil, -} seheauwe-S for"S ^'et heaved, and tu go al abuten, ■;]
scheau vorS ]'en ende "Ser mide, -) hwu 5e teil stingeS, and
sAvu^Se vhh ^er vrommard, er ]»u beo i-attred.

Wrt,

70 RELIQri.E ANTIQU^.

AX ASTROLOGICAL PREDICTION.

From MS. Ashm. Oxon. 423, fol. 190, containing "a letter sent to a
freind at London, concerninge the gi-eat Ecclipse, March 29, 1652." This
prediction of the great Fire in 1666, audthe meution of Pye-Corner, is very
singular.

Shall London after this be burnt, Sir ] Where

Will the fire first begin "? At Westminster

Or at Pye-Corner, Sir, among the Cookes ?

If starres can't tell you, pray, what say your bookes?

Hllll.
OLD ENGLISH MEASURES OF WEIGHT.

From MS. Cotton. Claudius E. VIII. fol 8, r^^. of the fourteenth cenfury,
\\ritten at N"orwich, apparently.

Sex waxpunde makiet .j. ledpound. .xij. ledpunde .j. fotmel.
.xxiiij. fotmel .j. fothir of Bristouwe, ys have .cc. and .xxviij".
wexpound.

Sex waxpunde makiet .j. leedpound. .xviij. leedpund .j. leed
bole. .xviij. leed boles. .j. fothir of the Northleondes, ys haat
.xc. and .xiiij. leed punde, that beeth .xix. hundryd and foure
and fourti wexpunde, and ys avet more bi six and thritti leed
punde, that beeth to hundred and sextene wexpunde.

Sevene ^^■axpund makietonleve ponde one waye, twelf weyen
on fotliir, this aveit tAvo thousand and .ix. score and foure wex-
pund, that beeth thre hundryd and twelfve leedpound, this his
more than that of the NoretWand be foure and thritti more of
leedpoundes, that beeth foure and twenti lasse.

Wrt.

A SONG OF ' LOVE-LONGING.'

From a 12mo. manuscript on paper of the latter part of the fifteenth
century, MS. Sloan. 1584, f. 85. r». Until this song was in type, it had
escaped our observalion that it has been printed by Ritson.

Grevus ys my soro-\^-e,

Both evyne and moro !

L^nto my selfe alone

Thus do I make moA\"ne :

That unkyndnes haith kyll}'d me,

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 71

And putt me to this peyne ;
Alas ! what remedy ]
That I cannot refreyne.

Whan other men doyth sleype,
Thene do I syght and weype,
All ragins in my bed,
As one for paynes neyre ded,
That unkyndnes have kyllyd me,
And putt me to this payne,
Alas ! Avhat remedy ]
That I cannott refreyne.

My harte ytt have no reste,
Butt styll with peynes oppreste ;
And yett, of all my smart,
Ytt grevith moste my harte,
That unkyndnes shuld kyll me
And putt me to this payne ;
Alas ! what remedy ^
That I cannott refreyne.

Wo worth trust untrusty !
Wo worth love unlovyd !
Wo worth hape unblamyd !
Wo worth fautt unnamyd !
Thus unkyndly to kyll me,
And putt me to this payn ;
Now, alas ! what remedy ]
That I cannott refrayne.

Alas ! I ly ve to longe,
My paynes be so stronge ;
For comforth have I none ;
God Avott ! I wold fayne be gone !
For unkyndnes haith k^-llyd me,
And putt me to thys payne ;
Alas ! what remedy ]
That I cannott refrayne.

Iff ony wyght be here,
That byeth love so dere,
Come nere, lye downe by me,
And Aveype for company ;
For unkyndnes haith kyllyd me,
And putt me to this payne ;
Alas ! what remedy 1
That I cannott refrayne.

72 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

My foes, whiche love me nott,
Bewayle my deth, I wott !
And he that love me beste,
Hyme selfe my deth haith dreste ;
What unkyndnes shuld kyle me,
If this were nott my payne ]
Alas ! what remedy ?
That I cannott refreyne.

My last wyll here I make ;
To God my soule I betake ;
And my wrechyd body
As erth in a hole to lye ;
For unkyndnes to kyle me,
And putt me to this payne,
Alas ! what remedy ?
That I cannot refreyne.

O harte ! I the bequyeth

To hyme that is my deth,

Yff that no harte haith he,

My harte his schal be ;

Thought unkyndnes haith kylled me,

And putt me to this payne ;

Yett yf my body dye,

My hertt cannott refrayne.

Placebo, dilexi !

Com weype this obsequye,

My mowrmarus, dolfully,

Come weype this psahnody !

Of unkyndnes haith kyllyd me,

And putt me to this payne ;

Behold this wrechid body,

That your unkyndnes haith slayne.

Now I besych all ye,

Namely that lovers be,

My love my deth forgyve,

And soffer hyme to ly ve ;

Thought unkyndnes haith kyllyd me,

And putt me to this payne,

Yett haid I rether dye.

For his sake ons agayne,

My tombe ytt schal be blewe,
In tokyne that I was trewe ;
To bringe my love frome doute,

RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE. 73

Itt shal be writtynge abowte,
That unkyndnes haith kyllyd me,
And putt me to this payne ;
Behold this wrechid body,
That your unkyndnes haith slayne !

0 lady ! lerne by me,
Sley nott love Avylfully,
For fer love waxyth denty.
Unkyndnes to kyle me,
Or putt love to this payne ;

1 ware the better dye,
For loves sake agayne,

Grevus is my soro ;

Butt deth ys my boro ;

For to my selfe alone

Thus do I make my mone,

That unkyndnes haith kyllyd me,

And passyd is my payne ;

Pray for this ded body,

That your unkyndnes haith slayne !

Finis. Amen !

HlllL

POPULAR SONGS.

From MS. Harl. No. .539G, on paper, of the reign of Henry VI., tlie same
MS. which contains the Turnament of Tottenham. The second of these
songs is remarkably analogous to the one already givcn from a Cambridge
MS. in the present volume, p. 27. The titles are written in a later hand.

I. Good Rule ys out of Remembrance, fol. 18. r".

Lord God, what ys this wordys fare

But ryal revei and gret aray 1
Evyr spend and nothyng spare !

Sone Avyl hyt wast and were [ajvvay.

When plente may no lenger play,
And Gode hym grochyth of hys governans,

That mesur may no lenger pay,
Gode rule ys not of remembrauns.

When plente may no lenger pay,

He schal then wyth hym abyde,
A dredful man bothe nyjt and day,

With careful hert hys hed may hyde.

K

74 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

But now on dayes hyt dos betyde ;
For unto man hyt ys gret grevans,

Fro hys worschyp thus for to slyde,
For caus gode rule ys out of remembrans.

Ho so wyl yn the somur seson

Gadur and grype ar that he grynde,
The wynter aftyr, be weye of reson,

He wyl not be ful far behende.

Thus mesur, man, have yn thy mynde,
Thurgh gode rule and just purvyans,

Hyt ys no craft to be to kynde,
Thynk on gode rule and gode governans.

With wele and worshyp and gode welefare,

Mekyl wast and letyll wynne,
Sone yt wyl make an howsolde bare,

With gret spendyng out and yn.

Tryst better thy selfe then thy kyn,
For to a man hyt ys ful gret grevans,

Sodenly fro mahede for to ryn,
For caus of gode rule and gode governans.

Avyse the, man, or thu begyn,

That thu have no nede for to playne,
Loke Avhat astate that thu stondys yn,

For poverte ys a prevy payn.

Thof thu wene that hope to the be gayn,
Of lordys and ladeys and her plesans,

If thu ber the the hyer for payn,
Then is gode rule out of remembrans.

In pryde and poverte ys grete dysse,

Therfor be war of haddywyst,
For nother of them may other plese,

Every man may not have hys owen lyst.

In God therfor put all thy tryst,
For old envy makyth newe dystajms,

I hold that man ryjt wele i-bh^st
That on gode rule can remembrauns.

Hadd [y] wyst comys ever to late,

Whan ther lakkyd bothe lok and keye ;

What nedyth a man to spar the ^ate,
Whan ther ys nothyng yn the weye 1
With a penyles purs for to pleye,

Lat scho can the pepul ama"VA'ns,
Sum man had as lefe to dye,

F[orJ on gode rule he has no remembrauns.

RELIQLT.E ANTIQU.E. 75

A bare berd wyl sone be shave,

Ther as ys but lyttyl here abut ;
I mene by them that mekyll wold have,

And bene bothe pore and eke prowde,

Redy to ryd yn every rowte ;
Hyt ys now but newe aquentaunce,

They ley to wed bothe panne, lavos, and spoute
With them gode rule ys not of remembran?.

Sum pepyl that levyn now on dayes,

Ar mekyl set on galantnesse ;
I lekken them truly unto the wawes

Of the se, that ar full of trowbulnesse,

Have they here pryde and ryahiesse,
They rech ne nym of plesans,

The end therof wyl turn to hevynesse,
Becaus god rule ys out of remembrans.

What nedys a man to delve depe,

Ther as ys no sede for to sowe ;
The pot ys esy for to kepe,

When the fat ys over blowe.

Nether for hye ne for lowe,
Kombur not thyselfe Avith lewode governans ;

To mych bend may breke thy bowe ;
Therfor on gode rule have thu remembrans.

He that hys worschyp here wyl have,

And lyf aftyr hys owne degre,
In honeste hys worschyp most he save,

And yn hevyn shal be hys prosp[er]yte.

Now God that dyed on a tre,
3yf us grace to do after hys ordynans !

Thys tale I tell by 30U and me,
For ensampul of gode governans.

II. Turne up hur haltcr and let hur go. f. 20, r*^.

I not what I shall syng nor say,

I man for-sakyn, wo worth the whyle !
Ho may hold that wyll away ]

My soveren lald has don me gyle.

I have betho^t m.e upon a wyle,
Sythen that hur hert ys turnyd me fro,

I hold yt the best for drede of gyle,
Turne up hur halster and lethur go.

76 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

I have lyngyrd lang her mane day,

For a berde that was so fre ;
I man aferde last she well me tray,

Be dyvers tokenys that I se.

But sythyn hyt wyll non other be,
That I knowe that she well so,

A man of wysdam thus conseld me,
To turn up hur haltur and late hur go.

When I enformyd hur fyrst with love,

This was the langage I sayd hur tyll :
" Withoutyn help of hym that syttys above,

Fayre mastrys, se, for joure love I spylle.

And truly ^e shall have all jore wyll,
3yf ^e will love me nomo."

In hur I knowe no maner of yll,
To torne up hur halter and lat hur go.

Sche grantyd me to love agayn,

Hur hert to me she can unbynde ;
And privyly tetwyx us twayne

A knot of love we knyt yn kynde.

But now another has smetyn me blynde ;
Allas ! what schal I say for wo 1

Truly yt renys yn my mynde
To turn up hur halter and lat hur go.

If anay man stonde yn thys cas,

That fantaseys fall hys hert withyn,
Put hem awey wyl thu hast space,

Love not to sore I rede the be lynne.

As sone as ever sche do bygynne
For to turne hur hert the fro ;

Truly I knowe no better gynne,
Then turne up hur halter and lat hur go.

Thu joye thy selfe and make the strong, ^

Let hur no refe the mete nor drynk. |

Thu may syke and sorw so long,

Tyll hyt have brojt the to pyttes brynke.

Whedyr she ever flete or synke,
Late never thy feturs fal the fro;

I lekyn hym to the Lapwynke,
Ther turn up hur halter and lat hur go.

I schal tell 30W wo herby I mene ;

Me were lothe any woman to dysplese :
Stryve je never ageyn the streme ;

If a man be warnyd he ys wele at ese.

I

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 77

Put the never to-for yn prese,
Hyt ys a catel that dothe man wo.

I hold that man ry^t wele at ese,
That can turn up hur haltur and lat hur go.

I wold say forther, and I derst,

Of thys man 30 wot wele wat ;
Of aU metell I hold women the worst,

But hyt was not I that told 30W that.

They wyl graunt 30U at a skap,
And say they be ^ourys for ever more;

And Avith a fals tryp wol cast 30U on the bak :
Therfor turn up hur haltur and lat hur go.

They ben ful trewe, blame have I than ;

I pray God save ther cottyd lappys !
Thei be fuU plesyng tyll a man ;

Thanke me, women, I claw your bakkis ;

But 3et be war of after clappys,
When 30 gaddyn to and fro ;

And for drede of syde wappys,
Turn up hur halter and lat hur go.

But I knowe non syche truly ;

Therfor luf whyl ^e gode lyst ;
For they wyl do fiil plesandly,

Had they onys ^our mowth kyst.

But 3et be Avar of haddywyst ;
Be not to bold, thof I say so ;

For she wyl deseyve the even in fyst :
Therfor turn up hur halter, and lat hur go.

All maner men that ben wyse,

Be rulyd su[m]what after me ;
In 3oure wyts be oft to nyse,

And of 30ure love be not to fre.

But ever after, as ^e se,
As gode love wol come as go ;

And wayte a tyme, yf nede be,
And turn up hur halter and lat hur go.

III. Alas that any kyndemanwantys gode. fol. 38, v^.

I herd a playnt of grete pyte,

Thurgh a park as I con passe,
Of a gome that gayned no gle,

And 3et he gelmyd as any glas.

AU in wo wrapped he was ;

78 RELIQUIiE ANTIQU.E.

That wye wepyd as he Avere wode,

Full ofte he sykyd and sayd, allas !
That ony kyndeman wantys gode.

Under a holy I me hyd,

Of that hathell more to here ;
How he hys care so kyndlykyd

With cold carpyng and unclere.

He prayd to God, bryng hym on bere,
As he bo^t hym with hys blode !

Save desteny of our dryghtyn dere,
Allas! that kyndeman wantys gode.

Sum tyme, he said, I was a syre,

Ther wold no sorow in me synk ;
With gentyhnen was my desyre

At dees to dyne and eke to drynk ;

And now I am a ruful rynke,
But he me rych that raght on rode ;

Therfore I saj'' ry^t as me thynke,
Allas ! that kyndeman wantys gode.

And thus, for wontyng of worldes wele,

I walk as wye withouten wyt ;
Sum tyme helde I festys fele,

But now me fajlys of that fytt.

I trowe that knot Avas on me knyt,
Or I at kyrk had caght my code ;

Therfo[re] I syng, and say it ^yt,
Allas! that kyndeman wantys gode.

When wyes Avalke unto tho wjme,

Then as a Avich I walke away ;
That puttes me to pytous pyne,

I have no penyes for to pay ;

But as foule dos in a fray,
Or ellys tho fysch that fayles fode ;

Therfor I syng, and eke I lay,
Allas ! that kynderaan wantys gode.

Have caytenys and obnys in a kest,

That myjt a kyndom cach fro care ;
Or ^et of fiorens ful tho fyst,

For it schal ne tho better fare.

That makys me for to drewpe and dare,
I may not stand as I ere stode ;

Therfore I syng with sykyng sare,
AUas ! that kyndeman wantys gode.

HELIQUI^ ANTIQtJ^. 79

Mornyng wyl

But take tho grace that God has n . . .
And thank hym oft as I d[o]

Of al that ever he has me sente ;

And aske mercy in rayne entente
Of hym that bo^t me with hys blod,

The blys of hevyn that we my^t hent,
That schall us never want gode.

Wrt

OF WOMEX'S HORXS.

Fiom Bib. Bodl. Oxfd. Laud. t). 31. (683), a manuscript on vellum, oftlie

fifteenth century, containing poems by Jobn Lidgate.

Here gynnetk a dt/te of womenhis hoi-nys.

OfF God and kynde procedith al bewte ;
Crafft may shewe a foreyn apparence ;
But nature ay must have the sovere^^nte.
Thyng countirfeet hath noon existence.
Tween gold and gossomer is greet dyfference ;
Trewe metalle requeryth noon allay ;
Unto purpos by cleer experyence,
Beute wol shewe, thogh hornys wer away.

Ryche attyres of stonys and perve,
Charbonclys, rubyes of moost excellence,
Shewe in darknesse lyght where so they be,
But ther natural hevenly influence.
Doublettys of glass yeve a gret evydence,
Th}Tig counterfeet wol fayler at assay ;
On this mater concludyng in sentence,
Beute wol sheAve, thogh hornes were awa}'.

Aleyn remembreth, his compleynt who lyst see^
In his book of famous elloquence;
Clad al in flours and blosmes of a tre
He sauhe nature in hir moost excellence,
Upon hir hed a kerche of Valence,
Noon other richesse of counterfet array ;
T'exemplyfie by kyndely provydence,
Beute wol shewe, thogh hornes were away,

Famous poetis of antyquyte,
In Grece and Troye renomed of prudence,
Wrot of Queen Heleyne and Penelope,
Of Pollycene, M'ith hir chast innocence ;
For wyves trewe calle Lucrece to presence ;
That they wer faire ther can no man sey nay ;
Kynde wrouht hem with so gret dyllygence,
Ther beute kouth hornys wer cast away.

80 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

Clerkys recorde, by gret auctoryte,
Hornes wer yove to bestys for dyffence ;
A thyng contrarye to femynyte,
To be maad sturdy of resystence.
But arche wives, egre in ther vyolence,
Fers as tygres for to make affray,
They have despit, and ageyn concyence,
Lyst nat of pryde, then hornes cast away.

L'envoye.

Noble princessis, this litel schort dyte,
Rudely compyled, lat it be noon offence
To your womanly mercifulle pyte,
Though it be rad in your audyence ;
Peysed every thyng in your just advertence,
So it be noon dysplesaunce to your pay ;
XJnder support of your pacyence,
Yeveth example hornes to cast away.

Grettest of vertues ys humylyte,
As Salamon seith sonne of sapyence,
Most was accepted onto the Deyte,
Taketh heed herof, yevethe to his wordis credence*,
How Maria, whiche hadde a premynence
Above alle women, in Bedlem whan she lay,
At Crystys birthe no cloth of gret dispence,
She wered a kovercheef, hornes wer cast away.

Off birthe she was hihest of degre,

To whom alle angellis dyd obedyence ;

Of Davidis lyne wich sprang out of Jesse,

In whom alle vertues by j ust convenyence,

Maad stable in God by gostly confydence,

This rose of Jericho, ther grewh non suyche in May,

Pore in spirit, parfit in pacyence,

Li whom alle hornes of pride wer put away.

Modyr of Jhesu, myrour of chastyte,

In woord nor thouht that nevere dyd offence ;

Trewe exampKre of virgyny te,

Hed spryng and welle of parfit contynence ;

Was never clerk by rethoryk nor scyence

Koude alle hir vertues reherse onto this day ;

Noble pryncessis of meek benyvolence,

Be example of hir your hornes cast away.

It may be as well to mention that in this MS. is a copy of Liclgate's
ballad of Jak Hare, printed at p. 13, of the present volume, and entitled
here '* a tale of froward Maymond."

BIllL

RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE. 81

BURLESQUES, IN PROSE AND VERSE.

From a MS. in the Advocates' Library at Edinburgh, (MS. Jac. V. 7, 27.)
of the fifteenth century.

Herkyn to my tale that I schall to yow schew,
For of seche mervels have ye hard bot few ;
Yf any of them be ontrue that I schall tell yoAV aftur,
Then wax I as pore as tho byschop of Chestur.
As I rode from Durram to Dowre I fond by tho hee strete
A fox and a fulmarde had .xv. fete ;
Tho scate scalldyd tho rvdlyng and turnede of hys skyn ;
At tho kyrke dore called the codlyng, and badd lett hym yn.
Tho samond sang tho hee mas, tho heyryng was hys clarke,
On tho orgons playde tho porpas, ther was a mere warke.
Ther was a grete offeryng in that kyrke that dey ;
Ther was that I schall reykyn in a gud arey.
Ther were wesels and waspes offeryng carte-saduls ;
Muscetes and marlyons, laduls and cawdurns ;
Tho pyke and tho perche, tho symen and tho roche,
Tho pleyse and tho macrell yit were there moo ;
Tho hadoke h^^de hym, behynd he wolde not be ;
With hym rode tho stok-fysch that -s^-as semely to se.
Yett were there moo, yf I truly tell my tale ;
A cunger and a kokall rode on a plughe mall ;
Tho turbot and tho thornebacke and tho grete whall ;
Tho oystur hade to horschone, and ofFerd therwithall ;
Tho crabe, and tho lopster ther were withall.
I toke a peyny of my purse, and offerd to hom all.
For this offerand was made, tho sothe yf I schall sey,
When Mydsomer evyn fell on Pahnes sounndey.
Fordurmore I Avent, and moo marvels I founde ;
A norchon by tho fyre rostyng a greyhownde.
Ther was dy verse meytes, reckyn hom yf I schall ;
Ther was raw bakon, andnew sowrde alL
Tho breme went rownd abowte, and lette hom all blode ;
Tho sow sate on hye benke, and harp3'd Robyn-Howde ;
Tho fox fydylyd, tho ratton rybybyd, tho larke noty with all ;
Tho hombull-be hondyld tho horne-pype, for hur fyngurs were

smalL
Ther were whetstons and sanopes choppyd in cole ;
Sowters in serropes, and sadduleres in sev/ ;
Myhiestons in mortrews have I sene bot fewe ;
Gryndylstons in grwell with tho blw brothes ;
Ther was pestells in porres, and laduls in lorres ;

L

82 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

Tynkares in tartletes have I not mony sene.

Tho throstyll and tho popegey notyd fuU clene ;

Tho styrgyon stode byhynd the dore scharpyng stakes ;

Tho beyr was tho gud kowke that all this meyte makes ;

Tho hare with hyr long gwode come dryvyng tho harrous ;

And .xxvj. salte elys, ycheon with a sckeyfe of arrwus.

In a symphon sange tho snype with notes of tho nyghtgale.

Yf all thees be trwe that bene in this tale,

God as he madde hus, mend hus he mey,

Save hus and sende hus sum drynke for tliis dey.

Explicit. Amen.

II.

Mollijicant olera durissima crusta. Fryndis this is to saye
to your lewde undurstandyng, that hoote wortes erased crusstes
makeyn sofFt hard wortes. The helpe and the grace of the grey
gose that goose on the grene, and the wysdam of the watur
■v\'ynde mylne, with the gud grace of the galon pytcher, and all
the salt sawsegis that ben sothen in Northefolke apon seytur-
daye, be with hus now at owre begynnyng, and helpe hus in
owre endyng, and qwyte yow of blys and bothe your een, that
never schall have endyng. Amen.

My leve cursyd creatures, ther was wonus a whyfe whose
name Avas Kateryn Fyste, and sche was crafty in curtte, and
Avele cowde carve. Thryis sche sende aftur the .iiij. ssynodes
of Rome, to wytte why, wherfore, and for what case, that Alelya
was closud or the cope come wonus abowtte.

Why hopes thu nott for sothe that ther stode wonus a coke
on Seynt Pale stepull toppe, and drewe up the strapuls of his
brech. How preves thu that? Be all the .iiij. doctors of
Wynberehylles, that is to saye, Vertas, Gadatryme, Trumpas,
and Dadyltrymsert, the whych .iiij. doctors saye ther was onus
a nolde wyfe hadde a coke to hyr son, and he loked owt of an
olde duf-cowtte, and warnyd and chargyd that no mon schulde,
be so harde nodur to ryde nor to goo on Seynte Paule stepull
toppe, botyf he rode on a .iij. fotyd stole, or ellus that he broght,
with hym a warant of his necke, and yett the lewde letherand
lurdon Avent forthe and mette .vij. acurs of londe betwyxeDover
and Qwykkesand, and he bro^t an acur in his recke from the
Tour of Londone unto the Tour of Babilon, and as he went be
the wey he had a foole falle, and he fell doun at the castyll of
Dover into a gruell potte, and brake bothe his schynnus. And
because he hadde spylt his potage, the toos that he had on his
feete flemyd all on red blod.

Therof come trypyng to the kyng of Hongre, that all pepull
"which my^th not ly^ttely come to the Playn of Salesbere, but

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 83

the fox and the grey convent, schuld pray for all the olde schu
solys that ben rostyd in the kyngus d}-sche on seterday, the
whych hemppe gresse and alfyns that is nedefull and spedefull
bothe to yow and to me, y pray you everychone with all the
hart in my hele, sey apaie?' noster and an ave for seyn cherytre.

Mollyjicant olera durissima anista, eic. These wordus that
y have rehersed above be Avith hus now andever more. Amen.

My leve cursed catyves, ther was wonus a kyng, and he had
weddyd a yonge olde qwene, and this qwene had a chylde, and
the chylde was sent to Syble the Sage, pravng that Sibell the
Sage schuld gyve to it the same blessyng that God gave hur,
becase sche bote hym be the hele.

Hereof spekus a worthi doctur, Radagundys superatibus
poiatorum nolite tymere. This worthi doctur rehersus and
seys he saw wonus a nolde wyfe gwo .vij. yer be the sey-syde,
and of all that seyd .vij. yere sche had no more for to do but for
to take a fart in a schowepette.

Syrs, y rede also that ther was wonus a kyng, and he made
a gret fest, and he had .iij, kyngus at his feyst, and these .iij.
kyngus ete but of wone gruell dysche, and thei ete so mykull
that ther balys brast, and owt of ther balys come .iiij . and
XX.'® oxon playng at the sword and bokelar, and ther wer laft
no moo on lyve but .iij. rede heyrynges. And these .iij. reyd
heryngus bled .ix. days and .ix. ny^ttus, as it had ben the
cawkons of horse-schone.

Syrs, what tyme that God and Se^mt Petur come to Rome,
Petur askud Adam a full greyt dowtfull question, and seyd,
" Adam, Adam, why ete thu the appull unpard]" "For
sqthe," quod he, " for y had no wardyns fryde." And Petur
saw the fyr, and dred hym, and steppud into a plomtre that
hangud full of rype redde cherys, And ther he see all the
perretes on the see. Ther he saw stedus and stockfesche pryck-
yng swose in the watur. Ther he saw hennus and heryngus
that huntod aftur hartus in heggys, Ther hee see elys rostyng
larkus. Ther he se how haddoccus wer don on the pelare, for
wrong rostyng of may buttur ; and ther he se how bakers boke
buttur to grece with olde munkus botus. Ther he se how the
fox prechyd, and charged, and commanded that noo mon
schuld be so harde nowdur be day ne be ny^t for to pysse
wakone.

And also that every mon schuld tye his ratons and his myse
with a hors ny^t-cappe, that is to sey, with a hors haltur.

Syrrus, thynke not lonke and y schall Lelle yow a sleveles
reson, and make a neynd a-non. Drynke thu to me, and y to
the, and halde the coppe in are. Why mowre in are then in
bemy ] For sothe every clarke that can rede and syng seythe
that are gothe befor bemy, and yf thu have a grete blacke

84 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

bolle in thi honde, and hit be full of gud ale, and thu ley ve any
thyng therin, thu puttes thi sowle into grette pyne. And
therto acordes too worthi prechers, Jacke a Throme and Jone
Brest-Bale; these men seyd in the bibull that an ill drynker is
unpossibull hevone for to wynne ; for God luffus nodur hors nor
mare, but mere men that in the cuppe con stare. And them
that all ny^ht wyll sytte up and drynke, them forgyves he ther
synne. Syrs, and all the sottes of this town wer don in a
dongeon, and the devyll hem among with his club in his hande,
he wold make hom all to cry miserere nostri unser soter hahi-
lorne leva Juse hlockstyk filiorum et conqiuvister, and of a
sowter have greyt myster. " A revette boot trynkele," seyd
the sotur, when he boot of is wyfe thombe harde be the elbow,
quod Jack Strawe. Amen.

III.

The mone in the mornyng merely rose,

When the sonne and the sevon sterres softely wer leyd
. In a slommuryng of slepe for-slockond with ale ;

A haswyfe of Holbrucke owt hornus blu,

For all tho pekke was forbedon paryng of chese.

Tho reyncus of Radforde wer redy at a ronsAver,

For to expond the spavens of the spade halfe.

Tom the Teplar tryde in the gospell

What schuld fall of the fournes in the frosty murnyng.
, At the batell of Brakonwete, ther as the beyre justyd,

Sym Saer and the swynkote thei wer sworne brodur.

The hare and harthestone' hurtuld to-geydur,

Whyle the hombul-be hod was hacked al to cloutus.

Ther schahnod the scheldrake and schepe trumpyd ;

[The] hogge with his hornepype hyod hym belyve,

And dansyd on the downghyll, whyle all thei dey lastyd,

With Magot and Margory and Malyn hur sysstur.

The prest into the place pryce for to wynne ;

Kene men of combur comen belyve,

For to mote of mychewhat more then a lytull,

How Reynall and Robyn-Hod runnon at the gleyve.

e^ht wemen nere,

And makyd hom with chyld ;

Tho kynde of men wher thei hit tane,

For of hom selfe had thei never nane,

Be meydon Mare mylde.

Therof seyus clerkus, y Avotte how,

That it not be rehersyd now,

As Cryst fro schame me schyld.

W. T.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 85

A BURLESQUE.

From MS Porkington, No. 10. f. 152. written in the reign of Edw. IV.
on vell. and paper, preserved in the library of W. O. Gore, Esq. of
Shropshire. The following copy of another MS. of the first of the foregoing
burlesques, was kindly communicated by Sir Frederick Maddeu.

Herkons to my tale, that I schalle here schow,
For of syche merewels I have herde fowe ;
Yf anne of them be a ly, that I telle here afture,
I wolde I were as bare as the beschope of Chester !
As I went frow Dowyre to Dorram, I met by the stret
A fox and a fohnert had .xv. fette.
The skat stalkyde one hylle, and tyte of here skynne ;
The codlyng calde at the churche dore, and bad let him in.
The samun sanng the hy mas, the heyryng vas the clark,
The porpos at the organs, ther was a golly wark.
Ther was a gret offyryng that ylke day,
For ther was alle that I rekon up one this a-ray :
Waspis and eysturis, and gret cart-sadyllys,
Moskettus in mortrous, caudrons and ladyls,
The pekerel and the perche, the mennous and the roche,
The borbottus and the stykylbakys, the flondyre and the loche.
The haudok hyde behynde, sen wolde he not be,
"With hym rode the gornarde, symly for to se.
3et was ther mor, the sothe yf I yow telle,
The conegure and the wessylle rode one a plou^-whylle ;
The kelynge and the thornbake, and the gret whalle.
The crabe and the loppysstere ^eyt Avere thei ther alle,
Eyche one toke a penne of ther purch, and offyrde at the mas,
The eyster ofFjTde .ij. d. and sayde he wolde pay no las.
When thei this offryng made, the sothe yf I yow say,
The Pame sonday be-fele that ^ere one Mydesonday.
3eyt forthermore as I roode, moo mervels I saw,
I sawe Avhere a marchand rostvde a semmeow.
Ther where dyveris mettus, rekyn them yf I couthe,
Saue I never non syche, by northe nore by so[u]the.
Ther whas rostyde bakon, moullyde brede, nw soure alle,
Whettestons and fyre-brondys choppyde in kellee
Soutteries in sorrope, sadelers in scowe,
Mylwardys in mortrous, syche have I sen ful foue.
Ther wer mylstonnis in molde, with cart-whyllus in durryde,
Ther wer stedis of Spayn welle poudyrt in past,
They wer fasside with charkolle, for that was noo wast.
Ther were tynkerris in tartlottus, the met was fulle goode.
The sowe sate one him* benche, and harppyde Robyn Hoode.

* Sic MS.

86 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

The schulerde schowttyde in a schalmas, the torbot trompyde

to that,
The ratton rybybyde, the fox fedylde, therto claryide the catte.*
With a synfan songe the snyt, the laverok louttyde withalle,
The humbul-be haundylt a horne-pype, her fyngurs wer smalle.
The goos gagult ever more, the gam was better to here,
Herde [1] noo syche mastrys this .vii. ^ere.
Then ther com masfattus in mortros alle soow,
Borhammys and beynsteyllys, for thei my^t not goo,
Potstykis and paunyaris, and gret long battus,
Hammyrs and horne sponnys, and scroude mosselde cattus.
Mockeforccus and dressyngcuynus com trottyng one sparrous;
The hare come with a long goude, drywyng the harrous.
Ther com trynkettus and tournyng-stonys, and elson bladys,
Colrakus and copstolus, one gret whyle-barrous,
.XX. salt ellys, and eych of them a sche^^f arrous,
Ratouns and rattus, and long cart-whellys.t
Gnyttus and snayllus cam routtyng in schyppus.
To formus and a stole rade one a mas-boke,
Fyfty f^-re-brondus, and eyche of them a croke,
Dore-bundys stalkyng one stylttus, in ther hondus gret oke [s] ,
The storgyn stode be-hynde the dore scharpyng stakys.
Alle this I sawe that I have here tolde,
And monny moo mervellus uppon Cottyswolde.
But I them foregat as I went by the way,
Therfor at this tym no more can I tel nor saye.
But God, as he made us, and mend us he may,
Save us and sende us sum drynk or we dye.

Explycyt trutallis, etc.

Wrt.

* Caktc, in the MS. t Sic. MS. perhaps for wheppys (whips).

HYMNS AND ANTIPHONES.

Written by William Herebert, a Franciscan friar and famous preacher
about 1330. From a MS. on vellum, written with his own haud, formerly
inthe possession of Mr. Fermor of Tusmore, in Oxfordshire, and afterwards
in that of Mr. Heber, in the sale catalogue of whose books (1835) it was
numbered 1470.

Hostis Herodes impie.

Herodes, thou wykked fo, wharof ys thy dredinge ?
And why art thou so sore agast of Cristes to-cominge 1
The reveth he nouth erthlich god, that maketh ous hevene
kynges.

¥

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 87

Jbant magi,
The kynges wenden here way and foleweden the sterre,
And sothfast ly^th Avyth sterre lyth souhten \Tom so verre,
And sheuden wel that he ys God, in gold, and stor, and mirre.

Lavacra puri gurgitis.

Crist, y-cleped hevene lomb, so com to seynt Jon,

And of hym was y-was^e that sunne nadde non,

To halewen our vollouth water, that sunne havet vor-don.

Novum genus potentice.

A newe myghte he cudde, ther he \^'as at a feste,

He made vulle wyth shyr water six cannes hy the leste,

Bote the water turnde into wyn, thorou Crystes oune heste.

I. Gloria tibi, domine.

Wele, Loverd, bee myd the, that shewedest the to-day,
Wyth the vadur and the holy gost, withouten endeday.

II.

Vexilla regis prodeunt, etc.

The kynges baneres beth forth y-lad ;
The rode tokne is nou to-sprad.

iWhar he that wrouth havet al monkinne,
An-honged was vor oure sinne.

Quo vulneratus insuper.

Ther he was wounded vurst and y-swonge,
Wyth sharpe spere to herte y-stonge,
To washen ous of sinne clene,
Water andblod ther ronne at ene.

Impleta sunt quce concinit.

Y-volvuld ys Davidthes sawe,
That sothe was prophete of the olde lawe,
That sayde, " Men, ^e mowen y-se
Hou Godes trone ys rode tre."

Arbor decora etfulgida.
H[a]3l ! troe that art so vayr y-kud,
And wyth kynges pourpre y-s'hrud ;
Of wourthy stok y-kore thou were,
That so holy limmes oup bere.

88 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

Beata cwjus hrachiis.

Blessed be thou that havest y-bore
The wordles raunsoun that was vor-lore ;
Thou art y-maked Crystes Aveye,
Thorou the he tok of helle preye.

O crux, ave.

Ha! croyz, myn hope, onliche my trust,
The nouthe ich grete wyth al my lust ;
The mylde gode sped in rithfolnesse,
To sunfole men sheu mylsfohiesse.

Te summa Deus.

A ! God, the hey^e trinite,

AUe gostes hery^e the !

Hoem that thou bouhtest on rode troe,

Hoere wissere evermore thou boe. Amen.

N. H.

A BILL OF DINNER FARE,

For afeast at Oxford in October, 1452 ; from MS. Cotton. Tit. B. XI. fol.

21, v°.

Primus Cursus, A sutteltee ; the bore hed and the bulle.
Brawne and mustarde. Frumenty with venysoun. Fesaunt
in brase. Swan Avith chawduen. Capon of grece. Herun-
sew. Poplar. Custad ryalle. Graunt fflaupaut departid.
Lesshe damask. Frutour lumbert. A suteltee.

Secundus. Viant en brase. Crane in sawce. Yong pocok.
Cony. Pyions, Buttor. Curlew. Carcelle. Partriche.
Venysoun bake. Fryed mete in past, Lesshe lumbert. A
ffrutour. A suteltee.

Tertius Gely ryalle departid. Haunche of venyson rostid.
Wodecok. Plover. Knottis. Styntis. Quayles. Larkys.
Quynces bake. Viant in past. A frutour. Lesshe. A
suteltee.

This was the service at the coman . . . of maister Nevell,
the sone of the [erle] of Saresbury, whech commenced a[t]
Oxenford the . . . day of Oct . . . the yere of our Lord m'. cccc.
lij. and the y [ere] of Kyng H. vj'^^ xxxj'^^-

Him.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. QB

A HYMN TO THE VIRGIN.

From MS. Egerton (in Brit. Mus.) No. 613. fol. 2, r». of the thirteenth

century.

Of on that is so fayr and bri^t,

velui maris stella,
Bri^ter than the day is lijt,

parens et puella.
Ic crie to the, thou se to me,
Levedy, preye thi sone for me,

tam jna,
That ic mote come to the,

Maria.

Al this world was for-lore

Eva peccatrice,
Tyl our Lord was y-bore

de te genitrice.
With ave it went avv^ay,
Thuster nyth and comz the day

salutis ;
The welle springet hut of the

virtutis.

Levedi, flour of alle thing,

rosa sine spina,
Thu bere Jhesu hevene king,

gratia divina ;
Of alle thu berst the pris,
Levedi, quene of parays

electa.
Mayde milde, moder es

effecta.

Of kare conseil thou ert best,

felixfcecundata,
Of alle wery thu ert rest,

mater honorata.
Bisek him wiz milde mod,
That for ous allesad is blod

in cruce,
That Ave moten komen til him

in luce,

Wel he wot he is thi sone,

ventre guem portasti,

M

90 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

He wyl nout werne the thi bone

parvum quem ladasti ;

So hende and so god he his,

He havet brout ous to blis
superni,

That havez hi-dut the foule put
inferni

Explicit canius iste.

Wrt.

PROVERBIAL DISTICHS.

The following lines occur among other miscellaneous scraps, on the last
page of a copy of the Massa Compoti, in the possession of J. O. Hailiwell,
Esq. (Bibl. Hal. No. 58, f. 35, v°.) where they seem to liave been written
about the beginning of tlie fifteenth century. The first couplet is remarkable
for preserving the epithets bestowed on those, who either mumbled, skipped,
or ' leaped ' over the Psalms, in chanting.

Ecclesise tres sunt, qui servitium male fallunt ;
Momylers, forscyppers, ovrelepers, non bene psallunt.

Nos aper auditu, linx visu, simia gustu,
Vultur odoratu prsecellit, aranea tactu.

ANGLO-SAXON MEASURES OF TIME.

From MS. Cotton. Titus, D.xxvii. fol.25, vo. of thefirst half of theeleventh

century.

■Sis is full ger, twelf mon];as fulle •;j endlufan dagas ~} six
tlda, f is ■Sonne -Sreo Imnd daga ^ fif ■;] sixtig daga ^ feor-San
deel dseges, f syndon six tida, ]7aes bi^ twa -} fifti wucena,
-^ eahta ]?usend tida ^ seovan hund •3) sixti, hund eahtatig
■Susenda hwila -3 six hund, ^a man hate]? minuta, -^ seovan
•Susenda ^ six hund, ]?onne bi^ -Saes eac ^ara beorhtan hwila
"Sreo hund -Susenda ^ fifti -Susenda fif hund ~] twentig, "Sonne
hrS ])ses fif -^ ]?rittig ]?usenda prida ^ feowortig. On anre sefen
neahtlicre tide beo-S feower punctas ten minuta fiftene partes
feowertig momenta be sumra manna tale.

Wrt.

r

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^. 91

CARMINA JOCOSA.

From MS. Harl. No. 3362, fol. 47, t°. of tbe fifteenth century. Tliey are
chiefly curious as presenting us with some early specimens of Englisli
Macaronic verse. It is a singular circumstance that two lines of thc secoud
are stili popular among school-boys in the foUowing modified form.

Tres fratres cceli navigabant roundabout Ely ;
Omnes drownderunt qui swimaway non potuerunt.

The expressions concealed by the cypher, as in the MS., are rather gross,
and do not speak much for the morals of the Carmelites of Cambridge, to
whom they evidently refer.

Flen, flyys, and freris populum domini male csedunt,
Thystlis and breris crescentia gramina isedunt ;
Cliriste, nolens guerras, sed cuncta pace tueris,
Destrue per terras breris, flen, fly^es, and freris.
Flen, flyjes, and freris, foul falle hemthys fyften jeris,
For non that her ys lovit flen, fly^es, ne freris.

Fratres Carmeli navigant in a bothe apud Eli,
Non sunt in coeli, quia gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk.
Omnes drencherunt, quia sterisman non habuerunt,
Fratres cum kny vys goth about and txxkxzv nfookt xxzxkt,

Ex Eli veniens prsesenti sede locatur,

Nec rex nec sapiens, Salomon tamen ille vocatur.

Pediculus cum sex pedibus me raordet ubique,
Si possum capere, tokl tobl debet ipse habere.

I

Si tibi strok detur, wyth a round strok evacuetur ;
Et si revertetur, loke tu quod retribuetur.

Est mea mens mota pro te, speciosa Magota.

Verum dixit anus, quod piscis olet triduanus;
Ejus de more simili foetet hospes odore.

Est in quadrupede pes quintus, in sequore pulvis,
In cirpo nodus, in muliere fides.

Cum premo, re retrahit. stringit con, inque sigillat,
Sub silet, ob spoliat, sed de gravat, ex manifestat.

Thus, pix, cum sepo, sagmen, cum virgine cera,
Ex hiis attractus bonus est ad vulnera factus.

Vento quid levius ] fulgur. Quid fulgure ? flamma.

Flamma quid ? mulier. Quid muliere 1 nichil.
Auro quid melius ] jaspis. Quid jaspide ? sensus.

Sensuquid] ratio. Qaid ratione 1 nichil.

92 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

Frigore Frix frixit, quia Tros trux tubera traxit,
Trosque truces Traces secuit necuitque minaces.

Taurus in herba ludit, et optat tangere limpham.
Rumbo murena extat Thamesia plena.

Wri.

VERSES ON THE CONQUEROR'S FOUNDING
BATTLE ABBEY.

The following verses are written on tlie margin of a MS. in Merton
College Library, Oxford, Q. 2. 16, f. 160, which contains a copy of the old
law-book called ' Britton,' and many antient Statutes of tlie Realm, of the
age of Edward I. or II. They seem to have been set down about themiddle
of the fourteentli century, and probably not longbefore theyear 1366, which
was to have been the period of this vain prediction.

Anglorum regna Bastard bello superavit,
Ac monasterium rex construere properavit ;
Jejunans, orans, volens de sobole scire,
Divum responsum rex promeretur audire :
" Quot pedibus stabit ecclesia Batallia longa,
Tot annis tua posteritas stahit in Angla."*
Quam licet ecclesiam prolongasse voluere,
Trecentos pedes excedere non potuere.

Niger.
• Sic MS.

MORAL PROVERBS.

From MS. Harl. 3810. Pars I. f. 13, vo. of fifteenth century.

For the begynnyng of wysdom is
For to drede Goddys ry^twysnes.

He that in ^outhe no vertu usit,
In age alle honure hym refusit.

Ever the hiere that thou art,
Ever the lower be thy hert.

Be swyfte to here, and slow to speke,
Late to wrathe, and lothe to . . . .

Deme the best of every doute,
Tyl the truthe be tryed out.

Thinke on the ende or thu begyn,
And thou schalt never be thral to syn.

mii

RELIQUIJE ANTIQU^.

PROGNOSTICATIONS.

Transcribed from an old Register of the Abbey of Spalding, in MS. Cole
(Brit. Mus.) vol.xliv. p. 212.

Januarii 25°. Clara dies Pauli bona tempora denotat anni ;
Si nix, vel pluvia, designat tempora chara ;
Si fiant venti, designat praelia genti ;
Si fiant nebulce, periant animalia quseque.

Februarii 2^°. Imber si datur, Virgo dum purificatur,

Inde notatur quod hyemps abinde fugatur ;
Si sol det radium, frigus erit nimium.*

Julii 2°. Si pluat in festo Processi et Martiniani,
Imber erit grandis, et sufibcatio grani.
4°. Martini magni translatio si pluviam det,
Quadraginta dies continuere solet,

Augusti 6°. In Sixti festo venti validi memor esto ;
Si sit nulla quies, farra valere scies.

Him.

• Cole has added in themargin the following variation of this saying,

Si soi splendescat Maria purificante,

Major erit glacies postfestum, quam fuit ante.

WELSH GLOSSES.

From M3. Cotton Vespas. A. xiv, fol. 7, r", of tlie end of tlie twelfth or
beginning of tlie thirteenth century. Besides the J> and ^, the writer more
often uses tlie Saxon j> than the modem w.

Deus omnipotens, Duychefindoc. Celum, nef. Angelus,
ail. Archangelus, archail. Stella, steren. Sol, heuul. Luna,
luir. Firmamentum, firmament. Cursus, redegua. Jlundus vel
cosmus, enbit. Tellus, tir. Terram, doer. Humus, gueret.
Mare, mor. Equor, spauen mor. Pelagus, mordifeid. Occeanum,
mortot. Homo, den, 3Ias, vel masculus, gurruid. Femina,
benenrid. Sexus, antromet. Memhrum, esel. Capud, pen.
Vertex, diwuleuuit. Cerebrum, impimon. Cervix, chil. Collum,
conna. Frons, tal. Nasus, trein. Naris, friic. Capillus,
bleuynpen. Cesaries, gols. Coma, cudin. Auris, scouarn.
Maxilla, grud. Timpus (i. e. temjms), erieu. Facies, enuoch.
Supercilium, abrans. Palpehre, bleuenlagat. Oculus, lagat,
vel oculi, legeit. Pupilla, biu enlagat. Os, genau. Oss, ascorn.
Dens, dans. Dentes, dannet. Lingua, tauot. Palatum, stefenic.

94 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

Ldbia, gueus. Guttur, iDriansen. Mentum, elgeht. Barha,
barf. Barbam, baref. Collum, guar. Pectus, cluitdiuuron. Cor,
colon. Pulmo, sceuens. Jecur, aui. Fel, bistel. Stomacus, glas.
Splen, lepilloit. Adeps, blonet. Aruina, suif. Viscus, culu-
rionem. Exstum, enederen. Sangxds, guit. Caro, chic. Cutis,
he. Pellis, croin. Scapula, scuid. Dorsum. chein. Venter, tor
vel talon. Brachium, brech. Ulna, elin. Manus, lau, vel lof.
Digitus, bis. Digiti, besset. Digitum, bes. Unguis, enuin.
Palma, palf Artus, chefals. Latus, tenepen. Costa, asen.
i?e7iC5, diuglun. iVer^MS, goiu en. Fewa, gui^. Femur vel coxa,
morboit. Clunis, penclun. Genu, pencHn. Wtiha, cheber.
Sura, logodenfer. Crus, fer. Tibia, elescher. Talus, iifern.
Pts, truit. Planta, goden truit. Allax, bis truit. Ungula,
epincarn. Patriarcha, hupeltat. Propheta, profuit. Apostolus,
apostol. Archiepiscopus, archescop. Episcopus, escop. Reg-
num, ruifanaid. Abbas, abat. Preshitur, hebren chiat plui, vel
oferiat. Sacerdos, prounder. Clericus, cloireg. Diaconus vel
levita, diagon. Monacus, manach. Monacha vel monialis,
manaes. Anachorita, ancar. Heremita, ermit. Nonna, laines.
Cantor, cheniat. Cantrix, canores. Lector, redior. Lectrix, redi-
ores. Laicus, leic. Conjunx, chespar. Castus, guaf. Incestus,
squenip. Pulcher,teg. Formosus,faid\is. Speciosus,veldecorus,
carder. Z)^rmi.s, disliu. Pater, ta,t. Mater, mQ,m. ^ms, hendat.
Abavus, hengog. Proavus, dipog. Attavus, gurhhog. Filius,
mab. Filia, much. Liheri, flechet. Soholes, ach. Familia,
goscorpi, teilu, Frater, broder vel braud. Soror, piur. Victricus,
altrou. Noverca, altruan. Privignus, els. Filiaster, elses. Ne-
pos, noi. Neptis, noit. Altor, vel nutritor, tatuat, Altrix, vel
nutrix, mammai^S. Alumpnus, mabmeidrin. Patruus, euiter
abardtat. Avunculus, abarh, mam. Matertera, modereb
abarhmam. Amita, abarhtat. Osculum, impoc, vel cussin.
Basium, poccuil. Propmci^s', nesheuin. Ajffinisvel consanguineus
carogos. Amicus, car. Progenies, vel tribus, leid. Generatio,
kinethel. Gener, dof. Socer, hwigeren. Socrus, hweger. Nu-
rus, guliit. Rex, ruy. Sceptrum, guailen ruifanaid. Regina,
ruifanes. Imperator, vel Cesar, vel Augustus, emperur. Impe-
ratrix, vel Augusta, emperiz. Priceps, pendeuig. Dux, hebren-
ciat, luir. Comes, vel consul, yurl. Vicecomes, pupeluair. Clito,
pupelpur. Obses, guistel. Primas, guesbeuin. Satrapa, gua-
halgeh. Judex, brodit. Prepositas, mair. Miles, vel adletha,
cadpur. Exercitus, llu. Populus, pobel. Procinctus, liud.
Edictum, gurhemin ruif. Vidgus, pobel tiogou. Congregatio, vel
concio, cuutellet. Conventus, vel conventio, chetua. Sinodus,
sened. Dominus, vel herus, arluit. Domina, arludes. Matrona,
bennenuat. Cliens, vel clieiitulus, dencoscor, undamsi. Emp-
tius, caidprinid. Servus, caid. Vemaculus, teithioc. Ancilla,

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^. 95

vel ahra, vel serva, caites. Custos, guidtlna^S. Pastor, bugel.
Puer, fioh. Puella, moroin. Virgo, malitlieid. Procus, tanter.
Sjjonsus, gurpriot. Sponsa, benen. Infans, mab aflauar. Vir,
gur. Mulier, grueg. Vidua, guedeu. Senex, coth. Jlaritus, gur
cansgrueg (vel freg). Uxor, greg (vel freg) cansgur. Anus,
gruah. Adolescens, guriouene. Juvenis, youonc. Paterfamilias,
penteilu. Materfamilias, manteilu. Consiliarius , cusulioder.
Consilium, cusul. Concionator, datheluur. Operarius, oberor.
Faher vel cudo, gof. Ofinitiva, gofail. Ferrarius, heirnior.
Lignarius, sairpren. Aurifex, eure. Argentarius, gueidpur
argans. Erarius, gueiduur cober. Rusticus, treuedic. Arator,
araderuur. Ai^s, crest. Artifex, crestor. Opus, gueid. Opifex,
inguinor. Arckitectus, weidwurti. Piscator, piscadur. Rethe,
ruid. Hamus, hyc. Venator, helhwur. Venahulum, hochwuyu.
Auceps, idne. Laqueus, maglen. Trapezeta, vel niLmidarius,
bathor. Numisma, bat. Sollers, guasbathor fur. Iners, dicrest.
Potens, galkiidoc. Gigas, enchinethel. Namiis, cor. Fidis,
corden. Citharista, teleinior. Cithara, telein. Tubicen, barth
hirgorn. Tuba, hirgorn. Tihicen, wi]?hit. Musa, wib. Fidicen,
harfellor. Fidicina, fellores. Fiala, harfel. Cornicen, cherniat.
Cornu, corn. Fistula, wibonoul. Liticen, kemat combricam.
Linthuus, tollcorn, Poeta, pridit. 3Iimus, vel scurra, barth.
Saltator, lappior. Saltatrix, lappiores. Mercator, vel negoci-
ator, guicgur. Merx, paroe. Pirata, ancredpur mor. Classis,
luu listri. Navis, lester. Remus, ruif. Remex, vel nauta,
ruifadur. Guhemator, vel nauclerm, leuiut. Proreta, brenniat.
Prora, flurrag. Puppis, airos. Ancora, ancar, Antempna, dele.
Velum, guil. Malus, guern. Clavus, leu, pi, obil. Medicus,
medhec. Medicina, medhecnaid. Arsura, vel xistulatio, losc.
Potio, diot. Unguentum, urat. Malagma, tairnant. Salinator,
haloinor. Sutor, chereor. Sartor, seuyad. Dispensator, maer,
buit. Difisor, renniat. Pincerna, menistror. Caupo, maidor.
Dives, wuUidoc. Inops, vel pauper, bochodoc. Fur, ferhiat.
Latro, lader. Profugus, fadic. Exul, diures. Fidelis, laian.
Infidelis, dislaian. Felix, fodic. Contentiosus, strifor. Injuri-
0SM5, camhinsic. Piger, dioc. Hehes, idXsoch. Parasitus, gouhoc,
vel wilecur. Augur, chuillioc. Incantator, wurcheniat. Vene-
ficus, guenoin reiat. Maleficus, drochoberor. Magus, hudol.
Phitonissa, cuilhoges. Ce/iifw7-jo, pencanguer. Per^eci/i^or, helhiat.
Theolenarius, tollor. Bomim, da. Malum, drog. Dispendium
veldampnum, divoyenes. Jactura, ooWei. Comiuodum, les. Res,
tro. Amdus, bisou. Armilla, moderuy. Diadema, curun ray.
Caputium, hot. Monile, delc. Spinter, broche. Fihula, streing.
Vitta, snod. Inauris, scinen. Incola, treuedic doer. Advena,
denunchut. Peregrinus, pirgirin. Co/o/iW6f,treuedic. Agricola,
gunithiat ereu. Messor, midil. Messis, hitaduer. Acervus,

96 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

bern. Aratmm, aradar. Vomer, soch. Cultur, colter. Jugum,

ieu. Stimulus, garthou. Aculeus, bros. Cutulus, guiden. Funis

vel funiculus, louan. Magister, maister. Scriptor, scriuiniat.

Scriptura, scriuit. Epistolam, scriuen danuon. Evangelium,

geaweil. Quaternio, .... Plano, disclien. Diploma, guarac.

Enula,\>Qxo\. Pergamenum,velmemhranum, parchemin. Sceda,

vel scedula, ymbi^ionen. Penna, pluuen. Pictor, Uuor. Minium,

liu melet. Gluten, glut. Sculptor, grauior. Imago, vel agalma,

auain. Scalprum, vel scalhellum, collel grauio. Scola, scol. ScO'

lasticus, scholheic. Pedagogus, maister mebion. Discipulus,

discibel. Miser, trot. Cecus, dal. Claudus, clof. Mutus, aflauar.

Balhus, creg. Blesus, stlaf. Surdus, bothar. Dehilis, guan.

" Lmscus, vel monotahnus, cuic. Straho, cam. Lippus, primus-

doc. Mancus, mans. Infirmus, aniach. Eger, vel egrotus,

claf. Leprosus, clafhorec. Lunaticus, badus. Demoniacus,

sach diauol. Energuminus, quan ascient. Morhus, elewet.

Pestis, bal. Rahidus, vel amens, vel demens, conerioc. Insa-

nws, gurbulloc. Sanus, i^ch. 7?a6ie5, discoruunait. Freneticus,

folterguske. Letargus, vel letargicus, cuscadur disimpit. Le~

targia, J^undesimpit. Vigil, hepueil. Vigilia, quillua. Per-

vigil, hichhepuil. Justus, eunhinsic. Injustus, camhinsic.

Famosus, geriit da. Fama, gerda, Infamis, drocgeriit. Infa-

mia, drocger. Largus, hail. Tenax, sinsiat. Parcus, henbidiat.

Avarus, craf. Raptor, robbior. Sagax, vel gnarus, guenwuit.

Sapiens, skientoc. Insipiens, diskient. Priidens, fur. Inpru-'

dens, anfur. Astutus, cal. Stidtus, fol. Verax, guirion. Veri-

dicus, guirleuenat. Fallax, tullor. Mendax, gouhoc. Falsidicus,

gouleueriat. Testis, tist. Testimonium, tistuni. Sermo, vel lo-

cutio, lauar. Superhus, gothus. Superhia, goth. Humilis, huuel,

Humilitas, huueldot. Vita, biu. Anima, enef. Spiritus, spirit.

Mors, ancou. Yris, vel arcus, camniuet. Tonitruum, taran.

Fulgur, luwetx Pluvia, glau. Nix, irch. Grando, keser.

Celum, reu. Glacies, jey. Aer, awuit. Ventus, guins. Aura.

auhel. Nimhus, couat. Procella, anauhel. Nuhes, huibren.

Lux, golou. Tenehre, tiwuigou. Flamma, flam. Seculum, huis.

Dies, det. Nox, nos. Mane, metin. Vesperum, gurthuper.

Hora, prit, Ehdomada, seithum, Mensis, mis, Ver, guaintoin.

Estas, haf, Autumpnus, kyniaf. Hyemps, goyf. Annus, bHj?en,

Tempus, anser, Hodie, hej^eu, Cras, auorou, Heri, aoy.

Nunc,velmodo,\\!imajn.. Sursum,\vMc\\oi. Deorsum, isot. Calor,

tunder, Frigus, iein. Fervor, tes, Cauma, entredes, Siccitas,

sichor. Humor, glibor, Sterilitas, anuabat, Fertilitas, walto-

wat, Calor, lui, Alhus, guyn, Niger, dup, Ruher, rud.

Fulvus, velflamis, mihn, Viridis, guirt. Varius, bruit, Umcs

color, unHu. Discolor, disliu, Forma, furf. Phantasma, tar-

nutuan. Umbra, scod. Creator, creador. Creatura, croadur.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 97

Nomina Avium.

Avis, vel volatile, hethen. Aquila, er. Corvus, marburan.
Milvus, scoul. Ancipiter, bidnewein. Grus, garan, Ardea,
cherhit. Ciconia, storc. Merula, moelh. Columba, colom. Pa-
Imnba, cudon. Aneta, hoet. Alcedo, guilan. Pavo, paun.
Olor, vel cignus, elerhc. Rostrum, geluin. Mergus, vel mer-
gulus, saithor. Hirundo, guennol. Passer, goluan. Turtur,
troet. Auca, guit. Anser, chehocguit. Gallus, chehoc. Gallina,
yar. Coturnis, rinc. PuUus, ydnic, velehoX. Ovum, hy. Nidus,
neid. Vespertilio, hihsommet. Noctualis stix, hule. Falco, vel
capum, falcun. Turtur, turen. Graculus, palores. Alauda,
ewidit. Parrax, berthuan Apis, guenenen. Sucus, sudronenn.
Vespa, guhien. Brucus, cafor. Scrabo, hwirnores. Scarabeus,
hwilen. Musca, kelionen. Cinomia, lewenki. Cidex, stut.
Scinifes, guibe^en.

Nomina Piscium.

Piscis, pisc. Cetus, moruil. DeljMnus, morhoc. Isicius, vel
salmo, ehoc. Mugilis, vel mugil, breitliil. Taricus, vel allec,
hering. 3fullus, mehil. Tructa, trud. Anguilla, selh. Fannus,
roche. Rocea, talhoc. Cancer, cancher. Polippos, legest. Os-
trea, vel ostreum, estren. Muscula, mesclen. Murena, vel mu-
renula, mornader. Luceus, denshoc, dour. Conclia, crogen.

Nomina Ferarum.
Fera guitfil. Lupus, bleit. Leo, leu. Linx, commiscbleit
hahchi. Unicornis, uncorn. Vulpes, louuern. Taxo, vel melus,
broch. Equus, march. Equa, cassec. Asinus, vel asina, asen.
Camelus, caurmarch. Onager, asenguili. Elephans, ohphans.
UrsiLs, ors. Simia, sim. Lutrius, doferghi. Fiber, befer.
Feruncus, yengew. 3Iustela, XoMexywdiW. Talpa, god. Cattus,vel
murilegus, kat. Hyricius, vel erinacius, sort. CHssemus, vel
mus, vel soorrex, logoden. Verniis, pnf. Cervus, caruu. Cerva,
euhic. Dama, vel damula, da. Hinnulus, loch, euhic. Capre-
o/?<s, kytiorch. Caprea, yorch. Caper,velhyrcus,\)och.. Capra,
vel capella, gauar. Hedus, min. Lepus, scouarnoc. Porcus,
hocli. Sus, haneu. Scroffa, guis. Aper, vel verres, bahet.
Magalis, torch. Porcellus, porchel. Bos, odion. Vacca, vel
buccula, buch. Vitidus, loch. Juvencus, deneuoit. Ovis, dauat.
Aries, h.ox]). Verves, moh,. Ag nus, oin. Pecus, vel jumentuni,
ehaL Animal, mil. Canis, ki. Molosus, guiUer. Catulus, co-
loin. Draco, driuc. Vipera, vel serpens, vel anguis, nader.
Coluber, gorj^feL Rubeta, croinoc. Rana, guilschin. Lacerta,
wedresif. Stellio, anaf. Locusta, cheUocreden. Sanguissuga,
gheL Limax, melyen. Testudo, meljnoges. Formica, menpi-
onem. Eruca, prifpren. Pediculus, lowen. Pulex, hj>annen.
Cunex, contronen. Tinea, gou];an.

98 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

Nomina Herhariim.

HerhaM^- Algnnn, kewmenynoc. Z)///a, tauolen. Libestica,
guyles. Fehrifugia, lesdeith. Simphojiiaca, gahen. Anadonia,
gouiles. Aprotanum, dehoules. Sinitia, madere. Feniculum,
fenochel. Malva, malou. Consolda, boreles. Solsequium, le-
sengoc. Ruta, rute. Betonica, lesdushoc. Costa, co>te. Mille-
folium, minfel. Calamus, koisen. Canna, vel arundo, heschen.
Papaver, mill. Ahsintium, fuelein. Urtica, linhaden. Arch-
angelica, coiclinhat. Plantago, enlidan. Marruhium, lesliut.
Lappa, lesserehoc. Sandix, glesin. Caula, vel magdulans, caul.
Carista, vel kerso, beler. 3Iinte, mente. Serpillum, coifinel.
Artemesia, lo^Ses. Cardus, askellen. Hermodactxda, vel tilodo-
sa, goitkenin. Lilium, lihe. Rosa, breilu. Vigila, melhyonen.
Raphanum, redic. Filex, reSen. Carex, clestren. Juncus, vel
scupus, brunnen.

Nomina Arhorum.

Arhor, guiden, Flos, bloJon. Cortex, rusc. Folium, delen.
Buxus, box. Fraxus, onnen. Quercus, vel illex, glastannen, re/
dar. Taxus ,\\im\\. Corillus, coX^^xAen. Alnus, g\\eYx\c\\. Malus,
auallen. P//m.s, pinbreu. Fructus, {^^v^X. Baculus, \oxck\. Virga,
guaylen. Virgidtum, luvvorch guit. Ramus, scorren. Glans,
mesen. Granum, gronen. Radix, grueiten. Pirus, perbren.
Plumhus, plumbren. Ficus, ficbren. Ulcia, kehn. Popidus,
bedewen. Genesta, banathel. Sentes, drein. Frufsx, sernic.
Ramnwi, eythinen. Spina, drain. Vepres, dreis. Ahies, arid-
len, vel sibuit. Olea, vel oliva, oleubren. 3Iorus, moyrbren.

Vitis, guinbren. Salix, heligen. Silva, cuit. Lignum, pren.

Truncus, treth. Stirhs, stoc. Nemus, kelli. Saltus, lanherch.

Via, ford. Semita, trulerch. Inviam, hebford. Iter, kerd.
Pa/na, gulat. Provincia, poli. Mons, meuii. Collis, cvwc, vel
runen. J^allis, nans. Fenum, guyraf. Ager, erp. Seges, yd.
Campus, guen. Pascua, bounder. Pons, pons. Vadum, rid.
Pratum, budin. Aqua, vel amnis, dour. Gutta, vel stilla,
banne. Stagnum,si\ge\\. Flumen, vel^uvius, SLUon. Ripa,g\iin.
Litus, als. Alveus, frot. Torrens, chahenrit. Rivus, guner.
Fons, funten. Harena, grou, vel trait. Gurges, aber. Vivarium,
piscKn. Puteus, pol. Lacus, grelin. Latex, stret.

Domus, ti. jEccIesia, eglo?. Angulus, ehn. Altare, altor-
Liher, vel codex, liuer. Litera, litheren. Folium, aden. Pagina,
eneb. Loculus, logel. Calix, kelegel. Patena, engurbor. Crux,
vel staurus, crois. Candelahrum, cantulbren. befiste escop. (?)
Fundamentum, sel. Pavimentum, vel solum, lor. Paries, po-
ruit. Tectum, to. Fenestra, fenester. Hostium, darat. Hostia-
rius, darador. Janua, vel valva, porth. Columjyna, post.
Clausura, alued. Clavis, dialhvet. Clavus, ebilhoera. Sera,

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 99

hesp. Clionis, karol. Graclus, grat. Scabellum, scauel. TTius,
encois. Odor, flair. Thuribuhtm, incoissester. Rcgula, loe.
Lampas, vellucerna, vel laterna, goloulester. Lichinus, lugarn.
Cereus, taper. Cera, coir. Candela, cantuil. Munctorium,
geuel hoern. Clocca, cloch. Cloccarium, vel lucar, clechti.
Tintinnabxdum, clerliic. Campana, clochmuer. Vestis, vel
vestimentum, vel indumentum, guisc. Casula, ofergugol. Alba,
cams. Stola, stol. Superhumerale, scuidlien. Manuale, stollof,
vel coweidhuer. Cingulum, vel zona, vel cinctorium , grugus.
Caliga, loder. Ocrea, hos. Calciamentum, orthinat. Subtularis,
wibanor. Flagrum, vel Jlagellum, scubilen. Dormitorium,
cuscki. Lectum, vel lectulum, gueU. Stramentum, kalagueh.
Sagmn, len. Puhinar, plufoc. Sindo, li engueh. Fulcra, dil-
latgueh. Femoralia, lafroc. Perizomata, vel campestria, la-
frocpan. Filum, Hnin, vel noden. Fimbrium, pillen. Cappa,
capa. 3IanteIIum, mantel. Pellicia, pelHstgur. Tunica, peis.
Camisia, kreis. Femoralia, lafroc. Calcias, fosaneu. Sotu-
lares, eskidieu. Cultellum, kethel. Vagina, guein. Colobium,
heuis. Manica, brethol. CucuIIa, cugol. Pedula, paugen. Com-
missura, enniou. Toral, peus gruec. Mastruga, pengughgrec.
pi. pelhstker. Tela, guiat. Peplum, usair. Linum, lin. Lana,
ghian. Globus,]}e\\en. CoIus,\s\ge\. Fmwi, ^m\\\\\\i. Trabes,
troster. Ttgnum, keber. Laquear, nenbren. Clita, chiit. Cim-
balum, choch dibei. Refectorium, bindorn. Tapeta, strail.
Matta, strail elester. Mensa, muis. Discus, scudel. Discifer,
renniat. Minister, gonidoc. Lardum, mehin. Caseus, cos, (vel
caus). Butirum, amenen (re/emenin). /Sa/, holoin (ft/ halein).
Panis, bara. Panis album, bara can. Panis avenam, bara
keirch. Siliginis. Aquam, douer, vel dur. Calidam, toim.
Fr ig idam, oix. Cervisia, coTuf. Tlnum, ^vin (vel gwin). Meda,
medu (fe/ meddou). Cervisia, vel celea, coref. Accetum, guin-
fellet. Idromellum, vel mulsum, bregaud. Oleum, oleu. Puls,
iot. Olera, cauh Lac, lait. Lac dulce, leverid. Lac, ....
Sicera, sicer. Manutergium, vel mantile, hendiulof. Cultellus,
collel, vel kethel. Artavus, kelhlhc. Vas, cafat. Hanapus,
hanaf. Ciffu^, fioL Patera, scala. Cbus, vel esca, buit. Potus,
diot. Liquor, lad. Claustrum, clauster, {yel cloister). Coquina,
keghin. Cocus. kog. Ignis, vel focus, tan. Flamma, fiam.
Pruna, regihten. Andena, tribet. Ticio, itheu. Olla, seit.
Cacabu^, caltor. Lebes, per. Caro, kig. Jus, iskeL Ficinula,
kinguer. Comedia, xdiCCQ.. Daps, vel absonum,vel fercidum,
sant. Veru, ber. Arsura, guleit. Sartago, padelhoern. Frix-
orium, oilet. Coctio, bredion. Coctus, parot. Fructus, trech.
Offa, suben. Mica, breuyonen. Vestiarium, guiscti. Testa-
mentum, .... Sigillum. Cellarium, talgel. Molendinum,
mehn. Mola, brou. 3Iel, mel. Victus, bruha. Pecunia, sols.

100 RELTQULE ANTIQU.5.

Nummiis, dinsiiT. Pistrinum,^o\)e\. Fornax, velclibanus, forn,
Pistor,T^ehev. Gi^anitm, gwnen, Pari^ia, hlot. Pratium,hTag.
Palea, culm, vel usion. Cribrum, vel cribellum, croider. Fur-
fures, talcli. Fer, guthot. Amfora, perseit. Lagena, kanna.
Utensilia, lofgurhc hel, Dolium, tonnel. Cupa, keroin. Sup-
j}ellex, gutrahel. Aula, hel. Triclinum, steuel. Solarium, vel
solium, soler. Turris, tiir. Cardo, medinor. Strigil, vel stri-
gile, streil. Risus, hwer|?in. Letus, louen. Tristis, tvist. Famis,
naun. Pingids, bor. Pinguedo, berri. Corpulentus, ....
Macer, vel MacHentus, cul. Grossus, bras. Gracills, muin.
Longus, hir. Brevis, ber. Magnus, mauor. Parvus, boghan.
Fortis, crif. Invalidus, anuein. Sollicitus, priderus. Securv^,
diogel. Causa, chen. Accusator, cuhu]?udioc. Excusator, dif-
fennor, Nichil, laduit. Aliquid, nebtra. Sella, diber.

The few variations here inclosed in brackets, are in the MS. inserted be-
tween the lines by a hand very little more modern than that which wrote
the original, The orthography of the MS. has been carefuUy observed,

Wrt.

HYMNS AND BALLADS.

From MS. Egerton, No. 613, (in the British Museum) written perhaps
beforethe middle of the thirteenth century,

fol. 1, v", each stanza writien in four lines.

Somer is comen and winter is gon,

this day beginniz to longe,
And tbis foules everichon,

joye hem vvit songe !
So stronge kare me bint,
Al wit joye that is funde

in londe,
Al for a child
That is so milde

of honde,

That child that is so milde and wlong,
and eke of grete munde,
Voye (1) in boskes and in bank

i-sout me hau^ a stunde !
I-funde he hevede me
For an appel of a tre
i-bunde,
He brac the bond
That was so strong

wit wunde.

\

I

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 101

That child that was, so wildc and wlong,

to me alute lowe ;
Fram mc to Giwes he Avas sold,

ne ciithen l\ey him nout cnowe;
" Do we " sayden he,
" Nail we him opon a tre

alowe,
Ac arst we sullen scinin him
ay rowe."

Jhesu is the childes name,

king of al londe !
Of the king he meden game,

and smiten him wit honde,
To fonden him opon a tre,
He ^even him wundes to and thre

in honden ;
Of bitter drink he senden him
a sonde.

Det he nom ho rode tre,

the lif of us alle !
. . . . it nowit other be

bote we scolden walle,
And wallen in helle dep
Nere nevere so swet
wit alle !
Ne miitte savi castel, tur,
ne halle.

Mayde and moder that a-stod,

Marie ful of grace,

vallen in the place.
The trace ran of, he bled
Chan gedere, fles and blod

and face ;
He was to-drawe,
So dur i-slawe

in chace.

Det he nam, the suete man,

wel heye opon the rode,
He wes hure sunnes everichon

mid is swete blode.
Mid flode he lute adun,
And brace the jates of that prisun

that stode ;
And ches here out that there
were gode.

102 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUJE.

He ros him one the thridde day,

and sette him on is trone ;
He wule come a domes day

to dem us everichic one.
Grone he may and wepen ay,
The man that deiet witoute lay,

alone.
Grante ous Crist
Wit thai uprist

to-gene. Amen.

fol. 2. v°. written as prose.

Blessed beo thu, lavedi,

ful of hovene bhsse,
Swete flur of parais,

moder of milternisse ;
Thu praye Jhesu Crist thi sone,

that he me i-wisse,
Thare a londe al swo ihc beo,

that he me ne i-misse.

Of the, faire lavedi, min oreisun

ich wile biginnen !
Thi deore swete sunnes love

thu lere me to winnen.
Wel ofte ich sike and sorwe make,

ne mai ich nevere bhnnen,
Bote thu, thruh thin milde m.od,

bringe me out of sunne.

Ofte ihc seke merci,

thin swete name ich calle :
Mi flehs is foul, this world is fals,

thu loke that ich ne falle.
Lavedi freo, thu schild me

fram the pine of helle !
And send me into that bUsse

that tunge ne mai tellen.

Mine werkes, lavedi,

heo makieth me ful won ;
"VVel ofte ich clepie and calle,

thu i-her me for than.
Bote ic chabbe the help of the,

other I ne kan;
Help thu me, ful wel thu mist,

thu helpest moni a man.

\

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^. 103

I-blessed beo thu, lavedi,

so fair and so briht ;
Al min hope is uppon the

bi dai and bi nicht.
Helpe, thruh thin milde raode,

for wel wel thu mist,
That ich nevere for feondes sake

fur-go thin eche hht.

Briht and scene quen of hovene,

ich bidde thin sunnes hore ;
The sunnes that ich habbe i-cun,

heo rewweth me ful sore.
Wel ofte ich chabbe the fur-saken,

the wil ich never eft more ;
L.avedi, for thine sake,

treuthen feondes lore.

I-blessed beo thu, lavedi,

so feir and so hende ;
Thu praie Jhesu Crist thi sone,

that he me i-sende,
Whare a londe al swo ich beo,

er ich honne wende,
That ich mote in parais

wonien withuten ende.

Bricht and scene quen of storre,

so me hht and lere,
In this false fikele world

so me led and steore,
That ich at min ende dai

ne habbe non feond to fere ;
Jhesu, mit ti swete blod,

thu bohtest me ful dere.

Jhesu, seinte Marie sone.

thu i-her thin moder bone ;
To the ne dar I clepien noht,

to hire ich make min mene ;
Thu do that ichfor hire sake

beo i-maked so clene,
That ich noht at dai of dome

beo flemed of thin exsene.

104 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

fol. 2, v°. written asprose.

En une matine me levoye 1'autre er,
Pensif de amorettes ke fet apreiser ;
Bou mun quer deit estre e od lui demurer,
Kar tute ma joie vent de ben amer.

Mei ke suy ameruse, ne suy a blamer ;
Kar je ay tel amy ke n'ad poynt de per;
II est si tres beaus, e si franc de quer,
Ke en trest tut le munde ne trovera sun per.

Mun tres duz amy, ke m'avez done
De vus si graunt joie e reconforte,
De vostre tres duz amor m'avez enamore,
Ke pur ren ke veie ne dei estre greve.

Mun tres duz amy, a vus me comaunt,
Ke me donasstes sen de vus amer taunt ;
E vus pri ke me eidez ke me seit duraunt,
Ke je ai la graunt joye dunt sui atendaunt.

Amen.

ibid. written also in prose.

Litel uo it eniman on trcwe love bi stodet,

Bute oureswete levedi thatmuchel therof haud fondet;

The love of hire hit lassted swthe longe,

He oaweth ws pHst he wele hus underfonge.

Owre mo is mi Uf, and ic in grete thoute ;

I thenche of hire that al hure bHsse hus broute.

fol. 6 \°. written as prose.

Costi regis fiha,
Tua te famiha

veneratur,
et precatur
Tua patrocinia.
Virgo pura.
Fac futura

nos frui Isetitia.

Tu de tribu regia
Producens exordia,

sola Christi

delegisti
Subire connubia
Virgo pura.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 105

Adhuc annis tenera,
Suspiras ad supera,

et devota

mente tota
Tendis ad coelestia.
Virgo pura.

Pro fide catholica
Flagella non modica

pertulisti,

nec flexisti
Mentem per supplicia,
Virgo pura.

Dum gens Christo credula
Cogitur ad ydola

adoranda,

tu nefanda
Probas hsec daemonia.
Virgo pura.

Conclusos in propria
Artis eloquentia

das peritos,

requisitos
Per multa confinia.
Virgo pura.

Qui dum complent ultima
Per ignis duci in ima,
■ coma, veste,
simul teste,
Non patent incendia.
Virgo pura.

Uxor per te regia
Regis cum mihtia

Christo credit,
et se dedit
Volens ad martyria.
Virgo pura.

Mira dei gratia,
Rotarum dum pondera
dissolvuntur,
conteruntur
Impiorum milia.
Virgo pura.

106 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

Duiil lictoris spicula
Subis post pericula^

pro cruore

novo more
Lactis manant fiumina.
Virgo pura.

On the samepage, still written as prose.

Tres duce Katerine, sez nostre mescine.

De une pucele chanteray,
Ke tut jur de quer ameray ;
Si le vus di, kar ben le sai

Ke mut fu nette e fine.

Tres.

Estreite fu de noble gent,
Si seynte escripture ne ment ;
Kar reis esteit sun pere e gent,

E sa mere reine.

Tres.
Mut esteit de bon corage ;
Kar Deu servi en sun age,
Ke la garda de damage,

Si la fet sa veisine.

Tres.
Mut souffri pur Deu hublement,
Graunt pasiun e gref turmen[t],
Meinte aspre flael vifement,

Au jos e a Teschine.

Tres.
Mes Deu tresben Taguerduna,
Kaunt de sa mein la corona,
E s'amie Fapela,

Cele seinte meschine.

Tres.
Trop fet apreiser par reysun
La bele, quant e la prisun
Venqui Maxence le felun,

Ce fu la Katerine.

Tres.
N'est pas merveille, kar verite
Aveit od sei e amiste ;
Si out en li humilite,

De verfu la racine.

Tres.

RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

107

Deu ! kaunt ajugement vendrum,
Graunt mester de lui averum,
E pur ce eyns crier Deum

A la pucele entoine.

Tres.

Si cum ele ad Maxence vencu,
Plus vilement unqes mes ne fu,
Ke ele seyt par sa graunt vertu

De nos peccet mescine.

Tres duce Katerine,

Seez nostre mescine.

Fol. 30, v", written in a later hand, ofabout the beginning of the fourteenth

century

De la soryte ne di-ge mye !

Ke elle ne (^'«^^ hardy cum lyon.
Ele meyne hoveka reys,

Pres de cuntes e baruns ;
Tus jurs meyne bone vye.

Va, soryte.

Mut fut hardy le soryt,

Kaunt ele se cumbati, ne frat.
Je la ferray aver robe

De karlet how de autre drap.
Kar ele me at en sa baylye.

Va sorys, Deu, etc.

Dela soryte ne ay-je qure,

Ke ele veyne a ma meysun.
Ele maungera me heses,

E tuz le quyr de me purune ;
Kar autre chose ne ay-je mye.

Va sorys, etc.

Mut fut petit le sorys,

Kaunt ele entra e mun cervere,

Deu la doynt la male vye,

Kant ele denea de mun ble.

Kar ele me at en sa baylye,

Va, soryte, Deu te maudye !

Kaunt le sorys er malades,

Je la ferray confesser.
Mai (?) la maundera le prettre,

Ci li fray oue ly parler.
Kar ele me at en sa baylye.

Va, sorys, Deu te maudye !

108 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

Kaunt le sorys er mort,

Je le feray enterer ;
Quynse jours how treys simeynes

Pur li fray le seynner soner.
Kar ele esteit de bone vye.

Va, soryte, Deu te maudye !

The writing is in some places almost erased, and in others so ill WTitten
that it is not easy to decypher.

Wrt.

RECEIPTS FOR COLOURS, &c.

From MS. Sloane, 1313, fol. 126, v», of the fifteenth century.

Heed.
Tempur rug plom, or vermyloun, with gleyr of egges or with
gummed watir, or with thynne cole, that is to say the clere
therof.

IVit.
Tempur blank chalke, plum or ceruse, with gleyre or thinne
cole; loke thy raaters be wel y-grounde.

To done away mool or spoot from clothe.
Washe thy clothe with the brothe of grey pesene, wel y-
hooled ; vel sic, ley upon. the moole of thy clothe blake sope
medeled with otis, and bowke well the clothg afturwarde.

To make murrour bryi,t.
Stryke wel theron blak sope, and let the sope lye theron al
a ny^t, and on the morow wepe hit awey.

Gold Watur.
Grynde vytryole, sal gemme, and sal armonacer, an unce of
eche ; sethe in a quart of wyn til hit be wastid half awey; let
hit kele, and write therwithe.

Cysefor gold.
R. clalk and brend chalke, and grynde hem well togedur
with gleyr of an ey ; kepe hit as thike as thou niey, tempur hit
with faire watyr, put hit in an horn, stere hit with a stykke,
and worche therwith when it is cold.

To done away what is y-wreten in velyn or parchement without

any pomyce.

Take the juyst of rewe and of nettyl, in Marche, in Averel,

or in May, and medyl hit with chese, mylke of a kow, or of

shepe , put therto unquey nt lym, medle hem wel togedur, and

f

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU.E. 109

make therof a lofe, and drye hit at the sonne, and make therof
powdur. When thou woU do awey the lettre, wete a pensel
with spotil or with watur, and moist therwith the lettres
that thou wolt do aAvey, and then cast the powder therupon,
and with thi nail thou maist done awey the lettres that hit
schal nothyng been a-sene, without any apeyrement. This
medecyn, y-made with chese or mylke of a kow, is good for
velym; and, of a sepe, good for parchement.

nmi.

THE PROVERBS OF HENDYNG.

From MS. Harl.No. 2253, fol. 125, r", of the reign ofEdward II.

Mon that wol of wysdam heren,
At wyse Hendyng he may lernen,
That wes Marcolves sone ;

Gode thonkes ant monie thewes

For te teche fele shrewes,
For that wes ever is wone.
Jhesu Crist, al folkes red,
That for us alle tholede ded

Upon the rode tre,
Lene us alle to ben wys,
Ant to ende in his servys !

Amen, par charite !
' God biginning maketh god endyng,'
Quoth Hendyng.

Wyt ant wysdom lurneth ^erne,

Ant loke that none other werne
To be wys ant hende ;

For betere Avere to bue wis,

Then for te where feh ant grys,
\ Wher so mon shal ende.

>, ' Wyt ant wysdom is god warysoun.'

f Quoth Hendyng.

Ne may no mon that is in londe,
For nothyng that he con fonde,

Wonen at home ant spede ;
So fele thewes for te leorne,
Ase he that hath y-sotht ^eorne

In wel fele theode.
' Ase fele thede, ase fele thewes;'
Quoth Hendyng.

110 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUjE.

Ne bue thi child never so duere,
Ant hit wolle unthewes lerne,

Bet hit other whyle ;
Mote hit al habben is wille,
Woltou nultou hit wol spille,

Ant bicome a fule.
' Luef child lore byhoveth ;'
Quoth Hendyng.

Such lores ase thou lernest,
After that thou sist ant herest,

Mon, in thyne ^outhe,
Shule the on elde folewe,
Bothe an eve ant a-morewe,

Ant bue the fol couthe.
'Whose^ong lerneth, olt hene leseth;'
Quoth Hendyng.

3ef the biste a sunne don,
Ant thy thoht bue al theron,

3et is god to blynne ;
For when the hete is overcome,
Ant thou have thy wyt y-nome,

Hit shal the lyke wynne.
'Let lustovergon, efthitshal the lyke;'
Quoth Hendyng.

3ef thou art of thohtes lyht,
Ant thou falle for un-might

In a wycked synne ;
Loke that thou do hit so selde,
In that sunne that thou ne elde,

That thou ne de^e therinne.
' Betere is eye sor, then al blynd;'
Quoth Hendyng.

Me may lere a sely fode,
That is ever toward gode,

With a lutel lore ;
3ef me nul him forther teche,
Thenne is herte wol areche

For te lerne more.
' Sely chyld is sone y-lered ;'
Quoth Hendyng.

3ef thou wolt fleyshe lust overcome,
Thou most fist ant fle y-lome,
With eye ant with huerte ;

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU.^;. 111

Of fleysh lust cometh shame,
Thath hit thunche the bodv game,

Hit doth the soule smerte.
' Wel fytht, that Avel flyth ;'
Quoth Hendyng.

Wis mon holt is wordes ynne ;
For he nul no gle bygynne,

Ev he have tempred is pype.
Sot is sot, ant that is sene ;
For he wol speke wordes grene,

Er then hue buen rype.
' Sottes bolt is sone shote ;'
Quoth Hendyng.

Tel thou never thy fo-mon
Shome ne teone that the is on,

Thi care ne thy wo ;
For he wol fonde, ^ef he may,
Both by nyhtes ant by day,

Of on to make two.
' Tel thounever thy fo that thy fotaketh;'
Quoth Hendyng.

3ef thou havest bred ant ale,
Ne put thou nout al in thy male,

Thou del it sum aboute.
Be thou fre of thy meeles,
Wher so me eny mete deles,

Gest thou nout withoute.
' Betere is appel y-jeve then y-ete ;'
Quoth Hendyng.

Alle whyle ich wes on erthe,
Never lykede me my werthe,

For none wynes fylle ;
Bote myn ant myn owen won,
Wyn ant water, stokes ant ston,

Al goth to my wille.
' Este bueth onne brondes;'
Quoth Hendyng.

3ef the lacketh mete other clotht,
Ne make the nout for thy to wrotht,

Thath thou byde borewe ;
For he that haveth is god ploth,
Ant of worldes wele y-noh,

Ne wot lie of no sorewe.
' Gredy is the godles;'

Quoth Hendyng.

112 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

3ef thou art riche ant wel ^--told,
Ne be thou notht tharefore to bold,

Ne wax thou nout to wilde;
Ah ber the feyre in al thyng,
Ant thou might habbe blessyng,

Ant be meke ant mylde.
' When the coppe is follest, thenne ber hire feyrest;'
Quoth Hendyng.

5ef thou art an old mon,

Tac thou the no ^ong wommon

For te be thi spouse ;
For love thou hire ner so muche,
Hue wol telle to the lute

In thin oune house.
' Moni mon syngeth
When he hom bringeth

Is jonge wyf ;
Wyste Avot he brohte,
Wepen he mohte,

Er his lyf syth.'

Quoth Hendyng.

Thah thou muche thenche,

Ne spek thou nout al ;
Bynd thine tonge

With bonene wal,
Let hit don synke,

Ther hit up swal ;
Thenne mytht thou fynde
Frend over al.

' Tonge breketh bon,
Ant nad hire selve non ;'
Quoth Hendyng.

Hit is mony gedelyng,

When me hym jeveth a lutel thyng,

Waxen wol un-satht.
Hy telle he deth wel by me,
That me ^eveth a lutel fe,

Ant oweth me riht naht.
' That me lutel ^eveth, he my lyf ys on;'
Quoth Hendyng.

Mon that is luef don ylle,

When the world goth after is wylle,

Sore may him drede ;
For ^ef hit tyde so that he falle,

I

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 113

Men shal of is owen galle
Shenchen him at nede.
' The bet the be, the bet the byse ;'
Quoth Hendyng.

Thah the wolde wel bycome
For te make houses rourae,

Thou most nede abyde,
Ant in a lutel house woue,
For te thou fele that thou mowe

Withouten evel pryde.
' Under boske shal m.en weder abide ;'
Quoth Hendyng.

Holde ich no mon for un-sele,
Otherwhyle thah he fele

Sumtbyng that him smerte :
For when mon is in treye ant tene,
Thenne hereth God ys bene

That he byd myd herte.
' When the bale is hest,
Thenne is the bote nest ;'

Quoth Hendyng.

Drath thyn hond sone a^eyn,
3ef men the doth a wycke theyn

Ther thyn ahte is lend ;
So that child withdraweth is hond,
From the fur ant the brond,

That hath byfore bue brend,
' Brend child fur dredeth ;'

Quoth Hendyng.

Such mon have ich lend my cloth,
That hath maked me ful wroth,

Er hit come a^eyn.
Ah he that me ene serveth so,
Ant he eft bidde mo,

He shal me fynde un-feyn.
' Selde cometh lone lahynde home ;'
Quoth Hendyng.

3ef thou trost to borewyng,
The shal fayle mony thyng,

Loth when the ware ;
3ef thou have thin oune won,
Thenne is thy treye overgon,

114 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

Al wythoute care.
* Owenys owen, and other mennes edneth;'
Quoth Hendyng.

This worldes love ys a wrecche,
Whose hit here me ne recche,

Thah y speke heye ;
For y se that on brother
Lutel recche of that other,

Be he out of ys eae.
' Fer from e^e, fer from herte ;'
Quoth Hendyng.

Thah uch mon byswyke me,
That of my god maketh him fre

For te gete word,
Ant himself is the meste qued,
That may breke eny bred

At ys oune boord.
' Of un-boht hude menkerveth brod thong;'
Quoth Hendyng.

Moni mon seith, were he ryche,

Ne shulde non be me y^lyche

To be god ant fre ;
For when he hath oht bygeten,
Al the fredome is for^eten

Ant leyd under kne.
' He is fre of hors that ner nade non ; '
Quoth Hendyng.

Moni mon mid a lutel ahte
3eveth is dohter an un-mahte,

Ant lutel is the bettre ;
Ant myhte withoute fere,
Wis mon ^e he were,

Wel hire have bysette.
' Lytht chep luthere ^eldes ;'

Quoth Hendyng.

Strong ys ahte for te gete,

Ant wicke when me hit shal lete,

Wys mon, takes thou ^eme ;
Al to dere is botht that ware,
That ne may wythoute care

Monnes herte queme.
' Dere is botht the hony that is licked of the thorne ;'
Quoth JHendyng.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 115

Mon, that munteth over flod,
Whiles that the wynd ys wod

Abyde fayre ant stille ;
Abyd stille jef that thou may,
Ant thou shalt have another day

Weder after wille.

* Wel abit that wel may tholye ;'

[Quoth Hendyng.]

That y telle an evel lype,
Mon that doth him into shype

Whil the weder is wod ;
For be he come to the depe,
He may wrynge hond ant wepe,

Ant be of drery mod.

* Olle rap reweth ;'

Quoth Hendyng.

Mihte the luther mon

Don al the wonder that he con,

Al the world for-ferde,
He fareth so doth the luther grom,
That men ever beteth on

With one smerte ^erde.
' Of alle mester men mest me hongeth theves ; '
Quoth Hendyng.

Wicke mon ant wicke wyf,
When hue ledeth wicke lyf,

Ant buen in wicked synne ;
Hue ne shule hit so wende,
That hit ne shal atte ende

Showe himself wythynne.
' Ever out cometh evel sponne web ;'
Quoth Hendyng.

Betere were a ryche mon
For te spouse a god womon,

Thath hue be sum del pore,
Then to brynge into his hous
A proud quene ant daungerous,

'That is sum del hore.
' Moni mon for londe wyveth to shonde ;'
Quoth Hendyng.

Ne leve no mon child ne wyf,
When he shal wende of this lyf,
Ant drawe to the dethe ;

116 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

For mowe he the bones bydelve,
Ant the ahte welde hem selve,

Of thi soule huem ys ethe.
' Frendles ys the dede ;'

Quoth Hendyng.

The glotoun ther he fynt god ale,
He put so muche in ys male,

Ne leteth he for non eye ;
So longe he doth uch mon rytht,
That he wendeth hom by nytht,

Ant lyth ded by the weye.
' Drynk eft lasse,antgobylyhte hom;*
Quoth Hendyng.

Riche ant pore, ^onge ant olde,
Whil ^e habbeth wyt at wolde,

Secheth ore soule bote ;
For when je weneth alrebest
For te have ro ant rest,

The ax ys at the rote.
' Hope of long lyf
Gyleth mony god wyf ;'

Quoth Hendyng.

Hendyng seith soth of mony thyng ;
Jhesu Crist hevene kyng

Us to blisse brynge !
For his swete moder love,
That sit in hevene us above,

3eve us god endynge ! Amen.

Hllll.

THE SONG OF THE SCHOOL-BOY,

AT CHRISTMAS.

From MS. Sloane, No. 1584, of the beginning of the sixteenth century,
or latter part of the fifteenth, fol. 33, r"., written in Lincolnshire or Not-
tinghamshire, perhaps, to judge by the mention of persons and places, in
the neighbourhood of Grantham or Newark.

Ante finem termini baculus portamus,
Capud hustiarii frangere debemus ;
Si preceptor nos petit quo debemus ire,
Breviter respondemus, non est tibi scire.
O pro nobilis docter, now we youe pray,
Ut velitis concedere to gyff hus leff to play.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 117

Nunc proponimus ire, withowt any ney,
Scolam dissolvere, I tell itt youe in fey.
Sicut istud festum merth is for to make,
Accipimus nostram diem owr leve for to take.
Post natale festum, full sor shall we qwake,
Quum nos revenimus latens for to make.
.Ergo nos rogamus, hartly and holle,
Ut isto die possimus to brek upe the scole.

HlllL

NOTE ON THE MSS. OF PETRONIUS.

In the hand-writing of the late Mr. Douce ; kindly commanicated by
Sir Heury Ellis.

The printed copies of Petronius must be divided into three
classes, in order to prevent that confusion which would other-
wise inevitably ensue.

These are, 1, A fragment, first pubHshed at Venice, 1499,
4to.

2, The feast of Trimalchio, first printed at Pa-
dua, from a MS. discovered at Trau in
Dalmatia.

: 3, The entire work, printed from a supposed MS.

said to have been discovered at Belgrade
in 1688. All the supplemental matter in
this edition was undoubtedly forged by
]\I, Nodol, who first printed it at Rotter-
dam in 1693.

No. 1, as appears from the title of it in the Dalmatian MS.,
is nothing more than Books XV. and XVI. of the original
work, and there is even reason to suppose that it is only an
abridgment of those, the title being " fragmentum ex lib. XV.
etc."

No. 2. This important MS. had been preserved a longtime
at Trau in Dalmatia, in the family of the Cippii, whose name
is written on the first leaf. It is a foho, Avritten on paper, and
dated 30 Novem. 1423. It contains Tibulhis, Propertius, and
Catullus ; a poem on Sappho and Phaon ; the fragment No. 1,
agreeing with the printed copy, except that all the obscenities
have been carefuily expunged; thefeast ofTrimalchio, begin-
ing " Venerat jam tertius dies;" " Moreto, Hber VirgiHi
pueri ;" and lastly, in a more modern hand, " Claudiani car-
men de Phoenice."

118 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

Statilius first discovered. the feast of Trimalchioin thisMS.,
and afterwards got possession of it. At the instance of many
persons, and particularly of Pope Alexander VII. he pubHshed
it at Padua in 1664. Being immediately reprinted at Paris,
it was attacked by some violent and wrong-headed critics,
among whom Wagenseil, a young man of promising abihties,
took the lead, boldly affirming that StatiUus had fabricated the
whole. In due time the editor put forth a very masterly and
satisfactory defence, which induced M. Valois, one of the ablest
of the objectors, to change his opinion, as appears from the pre-
face to his edition of 1677.

On the death of StatiUus, the MS. fell into the hands of a
Dalmatian, w^ho thinking to make a large sum of money by it,
went to Rome, but not succeeding in his attempt to dispose of
it, and wanting to raise a supply, pawned it to Peter Paul
Marianus. This person afterwards endeavoured to sell it to
the Abbe Louvois for the King of France's Library, but ask-
ing too large a sum, no bargain was concluded. On the death
of Marianus, father Montfaucon in 1703, by the assistance of
a friend, bought it of his heirs for the French Library, at a
reasonable price.

Independently of the internal evidence of this MS., the cir-
cumstance of the mention of Trimalchio's feast in Johannes
Sarisburiensis de Nugis CuriaUum, a writer of the twelfth
century, Avould be sufficiently decisive in its favour. I have
traced upwards of twenty MSS. in different Ubraries (not one
in England), but from the careless manner in which they are
mentioned, it is impossible to know what part of Petronius's
work they contain. The feast of Trimalchio, however, is not
specifically mentioned in any other than the DaUnatian MS.

On the whole, it appears that we are in possession but of a
smaU part of Petronius's work, and it is therefore exceedingly
unfair to contend that what we have is not the satire sent in
the pacquet to Nero, as mentioned in Tacitus. Those who
have done so must have conceived that Petronius remaincd
entire, as poor Meibomius did.

It is hardly Avorth while to say anything more about NodoFs
forgery, the history of which is briefly this. In 1688 he pre-
tended to have got information, by means of a German noble-
man, that a Mons. Dupin, aperson in the Emp. of Germany's
service, had procured a MS. Petronius from a Greek renegado
at Belgrade — that he therefore employed a merchant of
Frankfort then residing at Belgrade, to bribe Dupin's secretary
to get a copy of this MS., stated to be upwards of a thousand
years old.

^

i

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 119

In this affair not a single party's name was mentioned, ex-
cept Dupin's, also a forgery, because when the work was pub-
hshcd, he would naturally have made some stir in such an
affair. It is supposed that Nodol conceived the idea of this
forgery from having read in Patin's Letters that some learned
man had fiUed up the chasms in Petronius, but suppressed the
pubUcation on account of the author's Ucentiousness. Who-
ever examines NodoVs work will find it full of Gallicisms and
Barbarisms ; and indeed he must have been a bad Latin
scholar, when he translated a passage of Solinus " bis sinistra
manu prsehavit " by " he fought twice with his left hand."

MAXIMON.

From MS. Har. No. 22-53. fol. 82, r", written in the reign of Edw. II.

Herkne to my ron,
As ich ou telle con,

Of elde al hou it gos,
Of a mody mon,
Hihte Maxumon,

Soth withoute les.
Clerc he was ful god,
So moni mon understod.

Nou herkne hou it wes.

Ys wille he hevede y-noh,
Purpre and pal he droh,

Ant other murthes mo.
He wes the feyrest mon,
With-outen Absalon,

That seththe wes ant tho.
Tho laste is lyf so longe,
That he bigan unstronge,

As mony tides so.
Him con rewe sore
Al is wilde lore,

For elde him dude so wo ;

So sone as elde him com
Ys boc an honde he nom,

Ant gan of reuthes rede.
Of his herte ord
He made moni word,

Ant of is lyves dede.

1

120 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

He gan mene is mone ;
So feble were is bone,

Ys hew bigon to wede,
So clene he was y-gon,
That heu ne hade he none :

Ys herte gan to blede.

" Care and kunde of elde
Maketh mi body felde,

That y ne mai stonde upright ;
Ant min herte unbolde,
Ant mi body to colde,

That er thou wes so lyht.
Ant mi body thunne,
Such is worldes wunne,

This day me thinketh nyht.

Riche y was of londe,
Ant mon of fayrest honde,

That wes bote a stounde.
Mi meyn that wes so strong,
Mi middel smal ant long,

Y-broht it is to grounde.

For thi y grunte ant grone,
When y go myn one,

Ant thenke on childes dede.
Al this wylde wone,
Nis hit bote a lone,

Her beth blisse gnede.
To wepen ant to grone,
To make muche mone,

That we doth for nede.
Ant under the stone,
With fleish ant with bone,

Wormes shule we fede.

Ther y stod in a. snowe,
Wel heje upon a lowe,

Y was a wilde mon ;
Hunten herd y blowe,
Hertes gonne rowe,

Stunte me ne ston.

Nou hit nis nout so ;
Y lerne for te go,

Ant stonde ant syke sore.
My wele is went to wo,
Ant so beth other mo,

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 121

That ly ved habbeth ^ore.
So litht as y wes tho,
Ant wilde as eny ro,

Er y bygon to hore !
Reuthful is my red,
Ne shulde me be gled,

Me reweth swythe sore.

With hunger y am feed ;
Heo seith y spille breed,

My wif that shulde be ;
Myn herte is hevy so led ;
Me Avere levere be ded,

Then lyves for te be.
Hit is ful soth y-sed,
The mon that haveth dred,

His frendes wile him fle.

Tho I was strong ant wis,
Ant Averede feir ant grys, "

Ich havede friendes tho ;
Fol soth i-seid it ys,
The mon that is of pris

He haveth frendes mo.
My myh,t no wyht nys ;
Y-gon hit is y-wys,

He buge me of wo.
Men wyste non y-wis,
That werede veyr ant grys,

Y-thry ven ase y was tho ;
That havede more of his,
Nou hit so nout nys,

Ah al hit is a-go.

So gentil ne so chis,
Ne mon of more pris,

Ful wo nou me may be ;
The world Avrechede is,
Ant that he wyten y-wis,

My frendes nulleth me se.

Fair y was ant fre,
Ant semly for te se ;

That lasteth lutel stounde.
Gladdere mon Avith gle.
Ne mihte never be

Thurh al Godes mounde.

122 reliquijE antiqu^.

Elde unhende is he ;
He chaungeth al my ble,

Ant bugeth me to grounde.
When y shal henne te,

Y not whider y fle,

For thi y sike unbestounde.

Y sike ant sorewe sore ;
Ne may y be namore

Mon as y Avas tho ;
Ys hit no whith ^ore,
That y bigon to hore :

Elde is nou my fo.

Y wake as water in wore,
Jhesu Crist thin ore !

Why is me so wo 1

Thicke y was ant riht,
Of wordes wis ant lyht,

As ich understonde;
Of beke y wesbriht,
Ant lovelyche y-diht,

Ant fayrest mon of londe.

When foules singeth on rys,

Y mourne ant sorewe y-wis,
That unnethe y go.

This Avorld wicked is,
Ant that 36 wyten y-wys,
Hit is by-falle so.

Reuthful is my red ;
Hue maketh me selde gled,
My wyf that shulde be ;

Y dude as hue me bad,
Of me hue is a-sad;

Evele mote hue the !
Hue clepeth me spille-bred ;
Sorewe upon hyre hed,

For hue nul me y-se.
Ycham hevy so led ;
Betere me Avere ded,

Then thus alyve to be.

Ase ich rod thourh Rome,
Richest alre home,

With murthes as ycholde,
Ledys wyht so swon,

reliquijE antiqu-«. 123

Maidnes shene so bon,

Me come to bi-holde :
Ant seyden on after on,
" 3ent ryd Maximon,

With is burnes bolde."
Nou nis non of the,
That wolleth me y-se

In mine clothes olde.

This world is wok ant les ;

Y nam noht as ych wes,
Ych wot by myne chore ;

For gent ich wes ant chys,
Ant mon of muche prys,
Ant leof to ben y-fere.

Ther nes clerc ne knyht,
Ne mon of more myht,

That levere wes in londe.
Y-stunt is al my syht ;
This day me thuncheth nyht,

Such is the world to fonde.
Fair ich wes of hewe,
Ant of love trewe,

That lasteth Uitel stounde.
They that me y-knevve,
Hem may sore rewe,

Soth hit is y-founde.

Of nothing that y se
Ne gladieth me no gle,

3Iyn herte breketh a tuo ;
For ich wes on the,
That woned wes glad to be

In londe that wes tho.
Nou icham hche a tre,
That loren hath is ble,

Ne groweth hit na mo.
For thah ichokle fle,

Y not wyder te ;

Elde me worcheth wo.

Stunt is al mi plaAve,
That y was woned to drawe,
Whil y wes so lyht.

Y wolde y were in rest,
Lowe leid in chest ;

124 RELIQUI.E ANTIQUjE.

My blisse is forloren.
For mourne y make mest,
The wliile that hit lest ;

Nou wo is me tlierfore !
Ne gladieth me no gest,
Ne murgeth me no fest,

Alas, that y wes bore !

This lond me thuncheth west;
Deth y doute mest,

Whider that y shall te.
Whet helpeth hit y-told ]
Y waxe blo ant colde,

Of lyve y wolde be.

When blosmes breketh on brere,
Murthes to me were,

Ant blythe y was of mod.
Care ant kunde y-fere
Chaungeth al mi chere.

Ant mengeth al my blod.
* To longe ichave ben here

Bi mo then sixty ^ere,

So y me understod ;
Icholde that ych were
Al so y never nere,

My lyf is nothyng god.

Myn neb that wes so bryht
So eny sterre lyht,

Faln is ant won ;
My body that wes so Avyht,
Styf hit stod upryht,

I wes a mody mon.
My mayn ant eke mi myht,
Stunt is al mi syht,

Lerneth nou of thon :
Nis non so kene knyht,
That so he byth y-dyht,

When elde hym cometh on.

Mi body that wes strong,
Mi middel smal ant long,

Y-broht liit is to grounde.
Nou nabbe y nout that ^ong,
That speche, ne that song,

Mi hf nys bote a stounde.

I

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 125

Thah y be men among,
Y gladie for no song,

Of haveke ne of hounde.
Mj deth icholde fle,
For icham on of the

That de^eth boute ■wounde.
Ne con y me no red ;
Myn herte is hevi so led

Ant wel faste y-bounde ;
Ich Aves of feyre leynthe ;
A-gon is al my streynthe,

In armes ant in honde.

Er ich were thus old,
Ich wes of speche bold,

Ne recchi avo hit here ,
Nou icham old ant cold,
Wet helpeth more y-told,

Of ly ve ycholde ich were.

Gentil ich wes ant freo
Wildore theii the leo,

Er y bygon to hore ;
Nou y nam nout so ;
My weole is turnd to wo,

Ant hath y-be ful ^ore.

Ant so bueth other mo,
That ly veden nou ant tho,

Ne reccheth of weole ne wo :
Deth is that y munne,
Me seggeth that hit is sunne,

God brynge us out of tho.

Amen, par charite !
Ant so mote hit be !

Wrt.

126 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

CHARMS FOR THE TOOTH-ACHE.

Taken from a MS. written on paper, in thelibrary of Lincoln Cathedral,
marked A. 1, 17,andcompi!ed by one Robert Thornton of the North Riding
of Yorkshire, probably between the years 1430-1440. — fol. 176.

I.

A charme for the tethe-werke.

Say the charme thris, to it be sayd ix. tymes, and ay thris
at a charemynge.

I conjoure the, laythely beste, with that ilke spere,

That Longyous in his hand gane bere,

And also with ane hatte of thorne,

That one my Lordis hede was borne,

With alle the wordis mare and lesse,

With the Office of the Messe,

With my Lorde and his xii. postilles,

With oure Lady and her x. maydenys,

Saynt Margrete, the haly quene,

Saynt Katerin, the haly virgyne,

ix. tymes Goddis forbott, thou wikkyde worme,

Thet ever thou make any restynge,

Bot awaye mot thou wende,

To the erde and the stane !

n.

Thre gude brether are je,

Gud gatis gange ^e,

Haly thynges seke 30 ;

He says, wille ^e telle me,

He sais, blissede, Lorde, mot 36 be ;

It may never getyne be,

Lorde, bot ^our wiUis be.

Settis doune appone ^our knee,

Gretly athe suere ^e me,

By Mary moder mylke so fre ;

There es no man that ever hase nede,

3e schalle hym charme, and aske no mede,

And here salle I lere it the.

As the Jewis wondide me,

Thay wende to wonde me fra the grounde,

I heiyd my selfe bathe hale and sounde.

Ga to the cragge of Olyvete,

Take oyle de bayes, that es so swete,

And thris abowte this worme 30 strayke,*

This bethe the worme that schotte noghte,

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 127

Ne kankire noghte, ne falowe noghte ;
And als clere hale fra the grounde,
Als Jhesu dide with his faire wondis
The Fadir and the Sone and the Haly Gaste,t
And Goddis forbott, thou wikkyde worme,
That ever thou make anv risynge,t
Bot awaye mote thou wende to the erthe and the stane.

Mdn.
* A line seems to be wanting liere. t A line appears to be lost here.
X In the jMS., over this word is written or amj sugorne.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFEREXT NATIONS.

From MS. No. 139 inthe Librarj' of Corpiis Christi CoUege, Cambridge,
of the fourteenth ceutury.

Invidia Judgeomm; ira Britonum : perfidia Persarum ;
spurcitia Sclavorum; fallacia Greecorum ; rapacitas Roma-
norum ; astutia ^giptiorum ; prudentia Hebrseorum ; sa?vitia
8aracenorum ; stabilitas .Persarum ; solertia yEgyptiorum ;
levitas Caldseorum; sapientia Gra?corum ; varietas Affrorum ;
gravitas Romanorum; gula Gallorum; largitas Longobardo-
rum; vana gloria Longobardorum ; sobrietas Gottorum; cru-
delitas Hunorum ; sagacitas Caldseorum ; inmunditia Sabi-
norum ; ingenium Affricorum ; ferocitas Francorum ; firmitas
Gallorum ; stuhitia Saxonum ; fortitudo Francorum; hebetu-
do Bavariorum ; instantia Saxonum ; kixuria Yascanorum;
agihtas Walcarorum ; vinolentia Hispaniarum ; magnanimi-
tas Pictorum; duritia Pictorum; hospitahtas Britonum ;
argutia Hispaniarum ; libido Suevorum ; duriiia et superbia
Pictavorum,

Hiin.

FAITH AND REASON.

From MS. Sloane, No. 3534, fol. 3,^". apparently of the latterpartof the
fifteenth centurj', or perhaps of the begiuning of the sixteenth (at latest.j

Hoc mens ipsa stupet, quod non sua ratio cernet,
Quomodo virgo pia genetrix sit sancta ^laria,
Ac Deus almus homo ; sed credat ratio miro ;
Namque fides superest, cum perfida ratio subsit.

Pecok.
Witte hath wondir that resoun ne telle kan,
How maidene is modir and God is man ;
Leve thy resoun, and bileve in the wondir :
For feith is aboven, and reson is undir.

Wrt.

128 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

ENGLISH SERMONS

Of the begiiming of the thirteenth century, from MS. Trin. Coll. Cambridge,

B. 14,52.

Maria virgo assumpta est ad ethereum thalamum. On of
\e holie writes ]?e ben red herinne to dai bringen us blisfulle
ti^Singes, of an edie meiden, ]7e was i-feren bispused |;e heven-
liche kinge, ^ seid •^ he hes fette hom. Luste^ nu wich
maiden ^ is, ^ hwat he hatte, ^ hware he was fet, ^ hwo hire
ledde, ^ wu, ^ hwider, ^ cunnen gif we mugen cumen after,
for ];an ]?e we ben alle boden ];ider. Of this maiden spec^ ]7e
holie boc, "] sei^ : Hec est virgo virginum, regina celorumy
domina angelorum, mater et filia regis regum omnium. his
maiden bar ure loverd Jhcsu Crist, ure alre fader, of hire hoiie
lichame, ^ nis hire maidhod ];erefore noht awemmed. Hie is
]7e hevenliches kinges dohter, ~\ ec his moder, ^ alre maidene
maide, ^} hevene quen, ^ englene lafdi. Hire is to name
Maria, quod est interpretatum stella maris, }jat is on Englis S3B-
sterre. Jjan ]?e sa-farinde men se^ ]/e sa-sterre, hie wuten sone
wuderward hie sullen wei holden, for ■^ \e storres liht is hem
god taeSen. Mundus mari comparahitur, quia fluctus erigit,
naves obruit : ita mundus efiluit, dum opes confert ; refiuit,
dum aufiert, turhine, i. xdtione divina vel firaude diaholica, tur-
hatur ; discordlarum motus concitat, ecclesiarum pacem per-
turhat. ])is woreld is cleped sse, ]>e flowe^ ^ ebbe"S swo do^S ec
]7is woreld ; flowe^ ]?anne he woreld wurme (?) gieve^,';] ebbe^
l^anne hie hit eft binimeS. Stormes falleS in ]7e sse, ^ to
worpe^ hit ; ^ godes wrake cume^ on ];is woreld to wrekende
on sunfulle men here gultes, ^ for ];a?nonrihwise men ]>en hem
neigh wunien, ^ binime^ hem hwile oref, hwile oSer aihte, •^
hwile here hele, •;) hwile here ogen lif, ^ hwile latte devel hem
on fele wise, ^ haremeS hem, ^ shende^, ^ wecche^ among
hem flite,';] win, ^ fordraueS so^ luve,-]) struie^ rihte bileve. And
alse ]>e sa-storre shat of hire ]7e liht, ]»e hhteS sa-farinde men,
alse j^is edie maiden, seinte Marie, of hire holie licame shedeS ■^
soSe Uht, ];e lihteS alle brihte ]?inges on eor-Se '^ ec on hevene,
alse S. Johannes saiS on his godspel : Erat lux vera que
i.o.h.n.i.h.m. He is ^ so^e Uht, ]»e lihte^ alle men, ]7e on ]>is
woreld cume^, •;) aleomcd ben : and for ]>is leome is ■p hohe
maiden clepedsa-sterre. Hie was fet of weste wunienge, ]>ar he
funden was, s. in terra deserta, in loco horroris et vaste solitu-
dinis, ]?at is to seien, on weste londe, •;} on grishche stede,
Weste is cleped •^ loude •^ is longe til"Se atleien, ^ wildernesse
ges ]:>are manie rotes onne wacsed. ])is woreldes biwest is
efned to wastene, for ^ he hit is ferren atleien holie til^e.
Hinc ex quo veteres emigravere coloni, avre se^^en thc ealde

RELIQVI.E ANTIQU.E. 129

tilie henne wenden. J)e Invile ])e hie here ■\\aren, he wetiden
J?e eor^e, ^^ wurpen god sad 'pa.v onne, ^ hit wacxs, ^ wel ]?eagh,
~} brahte for^ blostnies fele •j manie. Ac se^en hie henen
wenden, atlai f lond unwend, ■;) bicam waste, ^ was roted over
al, •]) swo bicam wildernesse. Nu wunieiS ]>ar inne fueles, ^
wilde deor, ~} wurraes. Jjis lond ]>e ich nu of speke, is ■p
mennisse ]?e nu liveS ; J^e old tihen waren J>e holie lorSewes,
prophetes, apostles, popes, archebissopes, bissopes, prestes,
^e hoUe lif ladden, J^e tilien wenden Jjis lond ■^ up ^ was ar
dun, J)anne hie raid here wise word turneden mannes herte
fram eorbehche J^ankis to hevenUche J>anke, frara unrihte to
rihte, frara hordoin to clennesse, irom alle ivele lustes to kiven
God ■]) heren him, and after J) sewen on J>is lond Godes word
for sede, ■;] hit morede on here heorte, '^ weacs, ^ wel J?eagh.
Jjanne -p folc Godes Avord gierneliche liste^, ■j fastliche hield, ;j
ter after here Kf ladden. Ac nu is f lond til^e atlein, ^ i-furen
was, for ]>o hit sholden tilien, J>o J^e lorSewes of holie chireche,
]>e sewen gerneluker J^e defles sed, J^an ure loverdes Jhesu Crist,
•3 mid forbisne of here fule liflode beden men to helle '^ naht to
hevene. Godes sed is Godes word, J^e men tilien in chireche
on salmes, 'j on songes, -j on redinges, -] lorspelles, ~^ on holde-
bedes J>e lerde raen selde, ^ geraelesliclie sowen we defles sed
[Jjet] is idel, ■] unnet, -) ivele word, hoker, j scorn, spel, ^ leo^,
■3 cheast, 'j twispeche, -^ curs, ■;] leasinges, ■;) sware, ■;) alle
swikele speches, ■;) o^re. Fele lerdemen speken alse lewede,
alse ure drihten seide J>urh anes prophetes muSe : J^7'it sicut
populus sacerdos, prest sal leden his hf alse lewed man. •j
swo hie dob nuSe, ~^ sumdel werse ; for J>e lewede man wur^e^
his spuse mid clobes raore J?an raid him selven ; ^ prest naht
sis {sic) chireche J^e is his spuse, ac his daie J^e is his hore,
awlene^S hirc mid cloSes, more Jjan him selven. ]?e chire
cloSes ben to-brokene ■;] ealde, -^ hise wives shule ben hole
■;j newe ; his alter clo^ great ~^ sole, -j hire chemise smal
";3 hwit ; ■;] te albe sol, ■j hire smoc hwit ; J^e have^ line spard,
-} hire winpel wit, o^er raaked geleu mid saffran ; Jje raesha-
kele of raedeme fustain, -^ hire mentel grene oSer burnet ; Jje
corporeals sole •;) unshapliche, hire hand-clo^es •;) hire bord-
clo^es makede wite '^ lustliche on to siene ; J?e caliz of tin, ■]
hire nap of mazere •;] ring of golde. And is J^e prest swo
muchele forcuSere J^ane J>e lewede, swo he Avur^e^ his hore
more J^en his spuse. Prestes ben J?o J^e apostel of spec^, J»us
queSende : Quorum Deus venter est ; here wombe is here
Crist; •3 alle ivele forbisne hie ippen of hem selven, '^ te lewede
men hem gierneliche foligcn, ~) tcS for^ geres after wilde deore,
sume after beore, sume after Avulve, sume after o^er deor ;
and alse J?e fugeles fram 0 stede to oSer, -y ne ben nafre stede-

R

130 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

faste, swo do^ jjis mannisse flie^S fram ivele to werse, on speche
■3 on dede, ■] bringe^ on here heorte oregel, ^ wra^e, ■^ onde, ^^
hatinge, ^) o^Ser ivele lustes. Alse wuremes breden on wilderne,
^ is ]>is woreld, j^is grisliche stede on to wunien, for here is
hunger, ■;) ]?urst, elde, unhale, flit, '^ win, ece, ■;] smertinge,
sorinesse, werinesse, •;) o^re wowe muchel. Of swilch mai
grisen men ]?e ani god cunnen. Eft sone on j^is biwiste is
muchel weste of holie mihte ; al riht is leid, •3) wogh arered, alse
pe wise que^: Nusquam tutajides, non hospes ab hospite tutus;
nis nower non trew^e, for nis the gist siker of j^e husebonde, ne
no^er of o^er; non socer a nuro, ne ]?e aldefader of hi o^em;
fratrumque gratia rara est, selde leve^ ]?e bro^er ■^ oSer ;
filius ante diem patrinos inquirit annos, ]?e sune wusshe^S ]7e
fader dea"S, ar his dai cume ; imminet exitio vir conjugis, illa
mariti, wif wolde ^ hire loverd dead ware, ■;] he ■^ hie Avare.
Of ])esse waste "j grisliche stede was ]7is holi maide fet, ]7e
ich of speke, ■^ is ure lafdi seinte Marie; '^ hire fette j^e
hevenliche king, alse ]?e prophete sei^S on his stefne: Tenuisti
manum dexteram meam, etc, ]7U helde mi rihthond, "^ leddest
me on ];ine wille, ~\ understode me mid wurdshipe. Ter ascen-
dit; primo quidem passihus corporis ante templum ab imo
quindecim graduum, usque ad summum; secundo in templo
passibus mentis de virtute in virtutem, uhi videtur Deus deo-
rum in Syon; tercio corpore et anima assumpta in celum.
hreo si^es stech J^is holie maiden; erest Hchamliche, \o hie was
}?reo gier heold, biforen ]>e temple on \e. sterre of fiftene stoples,
fro nejjewarde to uveward, wi^ute mannes helpe; o^er si"Ses
hie stehg in ]?e temple gostliche, fram mighte to mihte, forte
•^ hie alre mihtene loverd biheold, alse hiehit wolde; ]?e]7ridde
siSe, hie stehg ]7is dai bo engles hire beren mid soule ^ mid
lichame into ]?an hevenliche bure, ]7ar heo was wur^liche un-
derstonden. ~\ Salomon ]?e wise ]>e wes fele hundred wintre
}?er bifore king in Jerusalem sehg ]>ese wunderliche strenge,
als suterliche alse he \\s dai were, '-^ wundrede ]7er offe, 3
seide : Que est ista que ascendit sicut aurora consurgens, pulcra
ut luna, electa ut soll hwat is ]?is _be astihg^ alse dai rieme,
fair alse mone, i-coren alse sunne ? Ure lafdi S. M., alse wis-
liche alse hie ]7is dai was hoven into hevene, bere ure arende
to ure loverd Jhesu Crist, •^ he gife us eche blisse in hevene.
Q. ipse. p. d. qui v. et r. per o. s. s. Amen.

II. Dominica tertia.

Noxprecessit, dies autem appiropinquahit. Hure heiest lor^en
after ure loverd Jhesu Crist, this is ure loverd sainte Powel,
munege-S us to rihtlechen ur lif lode, ^ wisse^ us on wilche wise
^ sei^ ■^ we haven riht ]7ar to, -^ sei^ hwu, }7us que^Sende : Nox

RELIQUI^ ANTlQU.t;. 131

precessit, dies autem, etc; the nihtis for^ gon, ■^ dai neihleche^S.
-} for y\ hit is riht ^ we forleten ^ forsaken nihtliche deden, J?o
ben ]?e werkes of j^iesternesse, -^ scruden us mid wapnen of
hhte, ^ be^ so^Sfeste bileve, ^ of brihtnesse, swo •]? we gon a dai
bicumeHche ; Non in commessationihus et ehrietatihus, non in
cuh. et in pud., non in contentwne et emulatione, sed in horum
oppositis ; and noh on derke wedes. Ac her we seien eow of
Jjese derke wedes, wat \q. hohe apostle mene^, J?o he nemnede
niht ^ niehtes dede, ^ dai leochtes wapne. Nox accipitur midtis
modis, sed hic pro infidelitate. Niht bitocne^ her unbileuve,
^ is aiware aleid, ^^ rihte leve arered gode "Sonc, 'j na-beles get
is sume ]?arfore of unbileve i-fild on one stede, ■] swo faste bun-
den, ^ swo biv/unde ]?arinne, ^ no prest ne no bissop ne mai
him chastien, ne mid forbode, ne mid scrifse, ne mid cursinge ;
^ "p is li^er custume ^ man leveS get, '^ '^ is after clepenge, ^
ascinge, 3 uncunne, ^ warienge, ^ handselne, -^ time, ^ hwate,
^ fele swilche develes craftes, ■^ ^ wreche man •p swilche ]7ing
him mai letten, of ■^ \e God him have^ munt, ac alle l»o he
leveS ■^ swilch ];ing hem muge furSrie o^er letten, ben cursed
of Godes mu^e, \q -Sus saiS on the holie boc : Maledictus homo
qui conjidit in homine, cursed be ]7e man ];e leveth upon hwate.
Ac ich wile segen, undernime^ hit hwat makcS swilch letten.
We rade"S on boc ^ elch man have^ to fere on engel of hevene
on his riht half, ■^ him wisse^ ^ munege^ evre to don god,
^ on his lifte half an Avereged gost, •p him avre tache^ to ufele,
^^ \s \e devel. He makcS \e unbilefulle man to leven
swilche wigeles, swo ich ar embe spac, ^ ])are mide he him bi-
cher^S, ^ binime^S him hevene wele, ~\ bringe-S him on helle
wowe. Crist us ]7ar wiS silde, "j healde us rihte bileve, "^ elch
man \e hit have^, ^ geve hine ]70 ]7e hit naveS nocht. he
Averc of ]7esternesse, ■^ ben alle hevie sennen, ^ swilche oSre
so ]?e apostle her nemde, alse ben over-etes, ■^ untimehche
eten, at huse, ^ at ferme, ^ atfeste, ^ masthwat at ilche la^eS
metisupe, for ]7ar man ne can his muSes me^e, ne cunnen nele,
ne his wombe met. ^ ]?eih he cuiine of mete, he nele cunne of
drinke, er he be swo i-veid •]) he falle defle to honde. ]?e ];ridde
is ■]) man sit an even at drinke, -3 \\^^e longe a moregen, -j
slapliche ariseS, ^ late to chireclie goS. Jjat feorSe is unrihte
luve, ^ is hordom, -j mid-liggunge \e men drigen bitwenen
hem, bute gef he ben lageliche bispusede, ^ is unriht ^ unti-
meliche "[j mid unsel^Se ; for hordom ne haveS non time ne
scule, ac is defles hersumnesse ; ve for^Se gef man have^ to
done mid his rihte spuse on unsele, o^er an untime ]7an man
faste sal oSer halgen, he sinege-S gretliche ; for \e holie boe
hit forbet. Jjat fifte is chest, ^ chep, •3 twifold speche, ■j ilch
flitting of worde. ])at sixte is ■]> man eggeS his negebure to

132 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

o^er to speken him harm, o-Ser same, '^^ have^ ni5 elch wi^
oSer, j makeS him to forlese his aihte, o^er of his rihte. ]>ese
hen JjB six werkes of ]?esternesse, ]7e ]7e holie apostle forbel
so swi^e ; for elch man ]>e hem do^, bute he hem forlete, 'j
bete ar his ende dai, he sal forlesen eche liht ";) blisse 'j lif, •^
haven an helle eche pine ^) J^esternesse mid deflen. Crist us
]?are wi]> silde, gef is wille be ! ]>e dai ]»e ]»e apostle of spec^
is ure rihte bileve, f is ure sowle liht. 'pe wapnes of his lihte
ben six werkes of brihtnesse, ]>e hatten ]>\is : temperantia,
modica potio, strenuitas, continentia, per invicem oratio, invi-
cem dilectio. ])et formeste is rihte medeme mel ; ]>e man ]?e
hit me^e^ riht, ]»e sune^ ale^ gistnige, ■3 idel wil, '^ have^
riht mel-tid, ^ nutte^S trimeliche metes, ^ geme^ his mu^Ses
me^e, ^ of his wombe mete. ])at o^Ser is emliche drinke,
naht for te quenchen his lu^ere wil, ne his lust, ]?e misAVune
have^ on broht, ac for to beten his ]?urstes nede. }?e 'Sridde is
^ man be waker, -j liht, •3 snel, ^ seli, ^ erliche rise, ^ genliche
seche chireche. ^at feor^e is, ^ man ]>e spuse have^, his
golliche deden wi^-teo, swo hit be untime, ^ \o ]?e be^S unbis-
pused forleten mid alle. ]7at fifte is, ■^ elch man for o-Ser
bidde, alse for him selven. ])at sixte is, ^ elch man luvie o^er
al swo alse him selven, ]>eih he swo swi^e ne tunge. Ista sex
opera dicuntur et vestes et arma ; vestes quia nos ornant apud
Deum et homines; arma, quia muniunt apud hostes. ])ese six
werkes of brictnesse ben cleped lihtes scrud, for ■^ hie sru^e^S
j huihte^ to-genes Gode '3 to-genes manne elch ]?e hie do"S ;
3 ec he ben nemned lichtes wapne, for elch man ]>e hie do^
were^ him selven ]>ar mide wi^ man-kinnes unwine. Jje
laverd sainte Poul, ]>e us lare^ ]>us, 3 munege^ us to forleten
]7e six werkes of ]?esternesse ]7e bilige to nihte, 3 to done ]?e
six dede, ]7e ich later nemnede, ]7e bilige to brihtnesse, he
]>ingie us to ]>e holie fader of hevene, •^ he geve us mihte 3
strengSe to forletene ]?esternessc, 3 to folgie brictnesse. Qui
vivit et regnat, etc.

Wrt.

\

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^. 133

NAMES OF THE HARE.

The following very curious composition is taken from a coUection of
English and Anglo-Norman poems written in the reign of Edward I., and
preserved in MS. Digby 86, Bodleian Library, 4to. vellum, fol. 168.

b

I

Les noms de un levre en Engleis.

The mon that the hare i-met,
Ne shal him nevere be the bet,
Bote if he lei doun on londe
That he bereth in his honde,
Be hit staf, be hit bouwe,
And blesce him with his helbowe;
And mid wel goed devosioun
He shal saien on oreisoun
In the worshipe of the hare,
Thenne mai he wel fare.

The hare, the scotart,
The bigge, the bouchart,
The scotewine, the skikart,
The turpin, the tirart,
The wei-betere, the ballart,
The go-bi-dich, the soillart,
Tbe wimount, the babbart,
The stele-awai, the momelart,
The evele i-met, the babbart,
The scot, the deubert,
The gras-bitere, the goibert,
The late-at-hom, the swikebert,
The frendlese, the wodecat,
The brodlokere, the bromkat,
The purbhnde, the fursecat,
The louting, the westlokere,
The waldenlie, the sid-lokere,
And eke the roulekere ;
The stobhert, the long-here,
The strau der, the lekere,
The wilde der, the lepere,
The shorte der, the lerkere,
The wint-swifFt, the sculkere,
The hare*serd, the heg-roukere,
The deudinge, the deu-hoppere,
The sittere, the gras-hoppere,
The fitelfot, the foldsittere,

134 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

The li^tt-fot, the fernsittere,

The cawel-hert, the worttroppere,

The go-bi-grounde, the sittest-ille,

The pintail, the toure-hohulle ;

The coue-arise,

The make-agrise,

The wite-wombe,

The go-mit-lombe,

The choumbe, the chauart,

The chiche, the couart,

The make-farc, the breke-forewart,

The fnattart, the pollart,

His hei nome is srewart ;

The hert with the letherene hornes,

The der tha woneth in the cornes,

The der that alle men scornes,

The der that nomon ne dar nemnen.

When thou havest al this i-said,

Thenne is the hare mi^tte alaid ;

Thenne mi^tt thou wenden forth,

Est and west, and south and north,

Wedrewardes so mon wile,

The man that con ani skile.

Have nou godne dai, sire hare,

God the lete so wel fare,

That thou come to me ded,

Other in ciue other in bred ! Amen !

Mdn.

DIALOGUE BETWEEN HENRY DE LACY AND
WALTER BIBLESWORTH, ON THE CRUSADE.

From MS. Fairfax, No. 24, in the Bodleian Library, vellum, 4to., writfen
about A. D. 1300.

(Fol. 19.) Co est la pleinte par entre mis sire Henry de
Lacy, Counte de Nychole, 8^ sire Wauter de Bybelesworthe, pur
la Croiserie en la Terre Seinte.

Ceo comence le Counte.
Sire Gauter, dire vus voil
Un mien bosoing, dont trop m'en deol,
& si me loez a choisir ;
Jeo aim oncore, cum faire soil,
Cele au cler vys, au ryaunt oil,

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

Dont ja ne mi quer departir.
Ore sui croisee, pur Deu servir,
& si utre mer vois pur lui guerpir,
Sanz recoverir perc son akoil,
& si demur, bien pus sentir,
Fors lui me deyvent tuz hair,
Car de tuz honurs mi despoil.

Respont sire Gauter.

Beau sire quens, jeo truis en un foil,
Qe amur ressemble au chevrefoil,
Qe en destreignaunt fait setchir
Le plus bel arbre de un haut broil,
& pus ausi cum en somoil,
Sanz porter fruit le fait murrir.
Mais qi voudra Tarbre garir,
& faire le ben revenir,
Les cordes coupe pres du soil ;
Lors purront les braunches flurir,
& li fust a grant ben venir ;
Ensi le ferez, a mon voil.

Item quens Henry.

Hay ! sire Gauter, de ci qe a Vernoil,

N'a dame de si bel akoil,

Cum est cele qe tant desir ;

& pur ceo me lerment mi oil,

& pri a Deu, a mi genoil,

Qe ja n'en puissoms departyr.

Meuz voil a sa douczour partyr,

Qe de estre utre mer martyr ;

Car de lui tuit mi bien akoil.

Ore en face Deu son pleisir,

Car jeo ne ai talent ne loisir,

Qe vers Damasse passe mon soil.

Respont sire Gauter.

Sire quens, ausi cum un remoil,
Pur vus mon v^-s des lermes moil,
De ceo qe ensi vus vei perir ;
Vostre amur veine mult desvoil,
Car ausi cum li cerfs en soil,
En fol espoir vus vei gisyr,
Quant vus laissez a desservir
La joye, qe ne peut faiUir,
Pur un fou delyt plein d'orgoiL

135

136 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.B.

Tost vus deveroient maubaillir,
Li maufee a lur assaillir,
Car"de verre est vostre garoil.

Quens Henry.

Alez, Gauter, qe Deu vus meint,
La ou son Filz murrust & meint,
Qe jeo ne mi pus oncore aler ;
Car un desir ci me purceint,
Qe pur estre la un cors saint,
Jeo ne m'i voudroie trover.
II me covient ci demurrer,
Pur ma douce amie honourer,
Par force d'amour qe tut veint ;
Car jeo ne purroie endurer,
De veir ses beaus oilz plorer,
Pur assez meins demurroit meint.

R, sire Gauter.

Sire quens, mult avez le quer feint,

Quant un fou regard vus destreint,

Tant qe voillez celui laisser

Qui fust de un glay ve au quer enpeint,

& de cler saunc son beau cors teint,

Pur vus du fu d'enfern getter.

Mult melz le deveriez vus amer,

Qe cele qe vus veut mener

Au fu d'enfern qe ja ne esteint ;

Mais qi se veut ben purpenser,

Cil qi de gre se veut noier,

N'en doit par raisoun estre pleint, &c. *

Mdn.
A POEM ON THE SEVEN DEADLY SINS.

From a MS. in the Library of Jesus College, Cambridge, Q. 1\ 3, of the
fifteenth century, on vellum.

De Septem peccatls Mortalibus.

Superhia.

Who that wylle abyde in helle,
He most do as me hym telle.
I bost and brag ay with the best ;
To mayntene syn I am fuU prest ;
Myn awn wylle I wylle have ay,
Thof God and gode men alle bid nay.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 137

Invidia.

I am full sory in my liert
OfFother mens welefare and whert;
I ban and bakbyte w}kkedly,
And hynder alle that I may sikerly.

Ira.

I chide and feght and manas fast ;
All my fomen I wylle doun kast;
Mercy on thaym I wylle none have,
Bot vengeance take, so God me save !

Acddia.

I yrk fulle sore with Goddes servyse ;
Godenes wyrk I wyll on no wyse ;
Idelnes and slepe I luf ay best,
For in thaym I fynde most rest.

Avaritia.

I covet ay, and wyles oft cast,
How that I may be riche in hast ;
Full fast I hald alle that I wynne,
Alle if my part be left thereinne.

Gula.

I luf my wombe over alle thynge ;
Hym most to plese is my likynge ;
I have no rest nyght nor day,
To he be served alle to his pay.

Luxuria,

I luf foulle lust and lichory,
Fornication and adowtry;
For synfulle lust I wylle not fle,
If I for it in helle ay be.

S. Charles, Trin. Col. CanU

138 reliquijE antiqu^e.

A SONG ON DEATH.

From a MS. in the Public Library of the University of Cambridge, Ee. vi.
29, written about the year 1400.

Esto memor mortis, jam porta fit omnibus ortis,

Ssepe sibi juvenes accipit ante senes.
Syth alle that in thys worlde hath been,

in rerum natura,
Or in thys wyde worlde was seen

in humana cura,
Alle schalle passe withouten ween

via mortis dura ;
God graunte that mannys soule be cleen,

psenas non passura !
Whan thou lefte wevys,

veniet mors te superare ;
Thus thy grave grevys,

ergo mortis memorare.

Unde vir extolleris ?
Thow schalte be wormes mete ;

qui quamdiu vixeris
Thy synnys wolde thou not lete.

Quamvis dives fueris,
And of power grete,

cum morte percuteris,
Helpe may thow noon gete.

Si dives fias,
Do thyself gode man wy th thy handis ;

post necis ergo vias,
Ful fewe wole lose the of thy bandis.
Thys au^twele to fel thy pryde,

quod es moriturus ;
Thow knowest nether tyme ne tyde

qua es decessurus,
Wormes schalle ete the bakke and syde,

inde sis securus ;
As thou hast wrou^t in thys worlde wyde,

sic es recepturus.
Thus dethe the ledeth

terree timulo* quasi nudum ;
Dethe no man dredyth ;

mors terminat hiccine ludum.

Nam nulU vult parcere
Dethe that ys yndere,

pro argenti munere,

• Sic MS. apparently for tumulo.

RELIQUIiE ANTlQUiE.

Ne for noon fayre prayere ;
sed dum rapit propere,
He chaunges eche mannys chere,

in peccati scelere
Yif he be fovvnden here.
Sic cum dampnatis
Helle to thy mede thou wynnes,
That never blynnes

pro peccatis sceleratis.
Whan y thenk upon my dede,

tunc sum contristatus,
And wexe as hevy as any lede

meos ob reatus.
Dede torneth into wrecchidhede

viros magni eetatis ;
Than may nothynge stonde in stede

Mundi dominatis.
Wyth full bare bonys,

mundi rebus cariturus,
Thus from thys wonys

transit nunquam rediturus.
Caro, vermis ferculum,
Thenk on the pynes of helle ;

mors habet spiculum
That smyteth man fulle felle ;

te ponet ad timulum
Tyl domesday to dwelle ;

hoc reHnquis saeculum,
There nys not ellis to telle.
Mors cito cuncta rapit,
Therfor man thynk on thy werkys ;
Thus sey thees clerkys,

mors cito cuncta rapit.
God that deydest on the tree

pro nostra salute,
And arose after dayes three

divina virtute,
Yif us grace synne to flee,

stante juven[tu]te,
On domysday that we may see

vultum tuum tute!
Delful dethe, drede y the,

veniet quia nescio quando ;
Be redy therefor y warne the,
De te peccata fugando.

Hllll

139

140 RELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE.

THE ABBOT OF GLOUCESTER'S FEAST.

From MS. Harl. No. 913, fol. 10, r». of the beginning of the fourteenth
century. The MS. was writtenin Ireland, apparently by a Monk of Kildare.
See for an account of it, Mr, Crofton Croker's Popular Songs of Ireland,
p. 277.

Quondam fuit factus festus,
Et vocatus ad commestus
Abbas, prior de Glowcestrus,

cum totus familia.

Abbas ire sede sursum^
Et prioris juxta ipsum ;
Ego semper stavi dorsum,

inter rascalilia.

VJnum venit sanguinatis
Ad prioris et abbatis ;
Nichil nobis paupertatis,

sed ad dives omnia.

Abbas bibit ad prioris :
Date vinum ad majoris,
Possit esse de minoris,

si se habet gratia.

Non est bonum sic potare,
Et conventus nichil dare ;
Quia volunt nos clamare

durum in capitula.

Surge, cito recedamus ;
Hostes nostros relinquamus,
Et currino jam precamus,

ibimus in claustria,

Post completum redeamus,
Et currinum combibamus,
Atque simul conleetamus

in talis convivia.

Estne ahquid in currino ?
Immo certe plenum vino.
Ego tibi nunc propino

de bona concordia.

Dixit abbas ad prioris,
" Tu es homo boni moris,
Quia semper sanioris

michi das consilia,"

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^. 141

Post completum rediere,
Et currinum combibere,
Potaverunt usque flere

propter potus plurima.

Prior dixit ad abbatis,

" Ipsi habent vinum satis;

Vultis dare paupertatis

noster potus omnia ?

Quid nos spectat paupertatis ;
Habet parum, habet satis,
Postquam venit non vocatis,

ad noster convivia.

Si nutritum esset bene.
Nec ad cibus nec ad ceene
Venisset pro marcis denae,

nisi per precaria."

Habet tantum de hic potus,
Quod conventus bibit totus,
Et cognatus et ignotus,

de gegris servisia.

Abbas vomit et prioris ;
Vomis cadit super floris ;
Ego pauper steti foris,

et non sum Isetitia.

Rumor venit ad antistis,
Quod abbatis fecit istis ;
Totum monstrat ad ministris,

Quod fecit convivia.

" Hoc est meum consulatis,
Quod utrumque deponatis,
Et prioris et abbatis,

ad sua piloria.

Per hoc erit castigatis,
Omnis noster subjugatis,
Prior, clerus, at abbatis,

ne plus potent nimia,"

" Absit!" dicit alter clerus,
" Quia bibit parum merus,
Quod punitur tam severus

per noster consortia.

Esset enim hsec riotus,

Quod pro stultus horum potus,

Sustineret clerus totus

pudor et scandaha.

142 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUjE.

Volunt omnes quidem jura,
Quod per meum forfectura
Alter nullus fert laesura,

sed pro sua vitia ;

Sed sic instat in privatis,
Bis sex marcas det abbatis,
Prior denis, et est satis,

ut non sit infamia.
Placet hoc ad nos antistis,
Dent ad prsesens nummos istis,
Sed si potant, ut audistis,

numquam habet supera."
Dixit abbas ad prioris,
" Date michi de liquoris,
Status erit melioris,

si h[ab]ebit gratia."
Dixit prior ad abbatis,
" Habes modo bibe satis,
Non est bonum ebriatis,

ire post in claustria."
Unus. . . .de majorum,
Bonus lector et cantorum,
Irascatus ad priorum

dixit ista folia :

" Prior, vos non intendatis,
Quantum sumus laboratis,
In cantare et legatis,

per ista festaha.

O abbatis et priore,
Nichil datis de liquore ;
Non est vobis de pudore 1

tu es avaritia.

Vos nec nobis nichil datis,
Nec abbatem parvitatis,
Facit noster sociatis

sua curiaha.

Qui stat, videt ne cadatis,
Multos enim de prsclatis
Sunt deorsum deponatis

propter avaritia.

Propter cordis strictitatis,
Sunt superbi descendatis,
Et sic propter parvitatis

perdere magnalia.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 143

Rogo Deus majestatis,
Qui nos fecit et creatis,
Ut hoc vinum quod bibatis

possit vos strangulia."

Ad hoc verbum prior cursus,
Furabatur sicut ursus,
Unam vicem atque rursus

momordavit labia.

Tandem dixit ad ,

" . . . , vilis, garcione,
Quondam discus de pulmone
fuit tibi gaudia.

Nunc tu es canonizatus,
Et de nichil elevatus,
Sicut regem vis pascatus,

et in major copia.

Habes justum et micheam,
Et servisiam frumenteam,
Unde regis posset eam

bibit cum letitia.

Nullum carnes commedatis,
Neque pisces perfruatis,
Lactem quoque denegatis,

sic te facit sobria.

NuUum tibi sit tabellum,
Neque tibi sit scabelhmi,
Mensa tibi sit patellum

non habeus mappaUa.

Super terram sic sedebis,
Nec abinde removebis,
Velis noHs sic manebis,

in hsec refectoria.
Post heec dies accedatis
Ad prioris et abbatis,
Disciplinas assumatis,

fac flectamus genua.

Sic devote prosternatis,
Ac deinde lacrimatis,
Dorsum nudum extendatis,

caret te Itetitia.
Ibi palam confiteris,
Quod tu male deUnqueris,
Et sic pardonem consequeris,

in nostra capitula.

144

RELIQUI.«: ANTIQU^.

Tunc proinde tii cavebis
Malum loqui, sic tacebis,
Praelatores non spernebis,

contra tuum regula."

Wrt.
JUDAS.

From a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge, (13. 14, 39.)
of the thirteeiith century.

Hit wes upon a Scere-thorsday that ure Loverd aros,

ful milde were the wordes he spec to Judas :
" Judas, thou most to Jurselem oure mete for to bugge,

thritti platen of selver thou bere up o-thi rugge,"
Thou comest fer ithe brode stret, fer ithe brode strete ;

summe of thine tunesmen ther thou meist i-mete.
I-mette wid is soster the swikele wimon ;

" Judas, thou were wrthe me stende the wid ston,

for the false prophete that tou bilevest upon."
" Be stille, leve soster, thinherte the to-breke !

wiste min Loverd Crist, ful wel he wolde be wreke. "
" Judas, go thou on the roc, heie upon the ston,

lei thin heved i-my barm, slep thou the anon."
Sone so Judas of slepe was awake,

thritti platen of selver from hym weren i-take.
He drou hymselve bi the cop, that al it lavede a blode ;

the Jewes out of Jurselem awenden he were wode.
Forel hym com the riche Jeu that heiste Pilatus ;

" wolte sulle thi Loverd that hette Jesus ]"
" I nul sulle my Loverd nones cunnes eiste,

bote hit be for the thritti platen that he me bitaiste."
" Wolte sulle thi Lord Crist for enes cunnes golde 1"

" Nay, bote hit be for the platen that he habben wolde,"
In him com ur Lord Crist gon as is postles seten at mete ;

" Wou sitte ye, postles, ant wi nule ye ete ?

ic am i-boust ant i-sold to-day for oure mete."
Up stod him Judas, " Lord am i that ?*

I nas never othe stude ther me the evel spec."
Up him stod Peter, ant spec wid al is miste,

" thau Pilatus him come wid ten hundred cnistes,

yet ic wolde, Loverd, for thi love fiste."
" Still thou be, Peter, wel I the i-cnowe;

thou wolt fursake me thrien, ar the coc him crowe.

Wrt.
• A word appears to bc omitted in the MS.

RKLIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

145

ANTIENT INTERLOCUTORY POEM

Taken from a parchment roll, written on both sides. On the recto is a
satirical Norman-French poem, writlen at the elose of the 13th century,
which has been printed in Wrighfs " Political Songs," 4to. p. 59. On the
verso is the English poem now printed, in a hand of the beginning of the
14th century. It is, perhaps,one oflhe earliest specimens remaining of this
species of dramatic composition. The dialectical peculiarities throughout
are very remarkable. It ends, unfortunately, imperfect. In all probability,
had we tlie remainder, it would prove to be the same story as that of Dame
Sirith, of which another and contemporary English version isprinted in the
British Bibliographer, vol. iv. from Ms. Digby 8(3. The original of this
tale is to be sought in the East, (see Scotfs Tales from the Arabic,
&c. 8vo. 1800, p. 100.) whence it found its way into the work of Petrus
Alphonsus, and the Lalin Gesta Romanornm, cap. 28. For other refer-
ences see Schmidfs Notes on his edition of Alphonsus, pp. 133 — 134, 4to.
Bprl. 1827. It only remains to add, that the original roll is in the pos-
sessiuu of the Rev. R.Yerburgh, D D. Vicar of Sleaford, Lincolnshire, and
is written so illegibly, as to make the transcript in some few words very
doubtful.

Hic incipit Interludium de Clerico et Puella.

C/ericus. Damishel, reste wel.

Puella. Sir, welcuni, by Saynt Michel !

Clericus. Wer esty sire, wer esty dame ]

Puella. By Gode, es noner her at hame.

Clericus. Wel wor suilc a man to hfe,

That suilc a may mithe have to wyfe !
Puella. Do way, by Crist and Leonard,

No wily lufo, na clerc fayllard,

Na kepi herbherg, clerc, in huse no y flore

Bot his hers ly wit-uten dore.

Go forth thi way, god sire,

For her hastu lo.5ye al thi wile.
Clericus. Nu, nu, by Crist and by sant Jhon,

In al this land ne wis hi none,

Mayden, that lii kif mor than the,

Hif me mithe ever the bether be.

For the hy sory nicht and day,

Y may say, hay wayleuay !

Y luf the mar than mi lif,

Thu hates me mar than gayt dos chuief.

That es noute for mys-gih,

Certhes, for thi luf ham hi spilt.

A, suythe mayden, reu ef me

That es ty luf, hand ay salbe.

For the luf of [the] y mod of efne ;

Thu mend thi mode, and her my stevene.

146

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

Puella. By Crist of hcven and sant Jcne !

Clerc of scole ne kepi non ;
For many god vvymman haf thai don scam.
By Crist, thu michtis haf be at hame.

Clericus. Synt it nothir gat may be,

Jhesu Crist, by-tethy the,
And send neuHt bot thar inne,
That thi be lesit of al m}' pyne.

Puella. Go nu, truan, go nu, go,

For mikel thu canstu of sory and avo.

Clericus. God te bhs, Mome Hehvis.

3Iome Elwis. Son, welcum, by san Dinis !

Clericus. Hic am comin to the, Mome,

Thu hel me noth, thu say me sone.
Hic am a clerc that hauntes scole,
Y hidy my lif wyt mikel dole;
Me wor lever to be dedh,
Than led the lif that hyc ledh,
For ay ma^^den with and schen,
Fayrer ho lond hawv non syen.
Tho hat mayden Malkyn, y wene ;
Nu thu wost quam y mene,
Tho wonys at the tounes ende,
That suyt Uf, so fayr and hende.
Bot if tho wil hir mod amende,
Neuly Crist my ded me send.
Men send me byder, vyt uten fayle,
To haf thi help anty cunsayle.
Thar for amy cummen here,
That thu salt be my herand-bcre,
To mac me and that mayderi sayct,
And hi sal gef the of my nayct,
So that hever al thi lyf
Saltu be the better wyf.
So help me Crist ! and hy may spede,
Rithe saltu haf thi mede.

Mome Ellwis. A, son, wat saystu ] benedicite,
Lift hup thi hand, and blis the.
For it es boyt syn and scam,
That thu on me hafs layt thys blam.
For hic am an ald quyne and a lam.
Y led my lyf wit Godis love.*
Wit my roc y me fede,
Cani do non othir dede,
Bot my pater noster and my crede,
* A line i» perhaps wanting here.

RELIQULE ANT1QU.£. 147

Tho say Crist for missedede,

And im^ navy ]Mary,

For my scynne hic am sory,

And my de profundis,

For al that yn sin lys,

For cani me non othir think,

That wot Crist, of heven kync.

Jhesu Crist, of heven hey,

Gef that hay may heng hey,

And gef that hy may se,

That thay be henge on a tre,

That this ley as leyit onne me.

For aly wymam (sic) ami on.

*******

Mdn.

HENRY II. AND THE CISTERCIAN ABBOT.

From the Speculum Ecclesisa of Giraldus Cambrensis, MS. Cotton. Ti-
berius, B. xiii, fol. 93, \°. This curious story is by far the earliest instance
of the curious legend of the king's intercourse with his subjects in disguise,
which has been so oft repeated in ballads, such as that of the king and the
shepljerd, iu Hartshorne's IMetrical Tales, and other works. The present
anecdote may perhaps be regarded less as a true story, than as a proof that
such ballads existed as early as the twelfth century. The writer of these
iiues has the intention of publishing the Speculum Ecclesice as eutire as the
condition of the MS. will permit.

Accidet autem aliquando, cum Angiorum rex H. secundus
in locis silvestribus studio venationis indulgeret, quod eventu
casuali in ferarum persecutione vehementi longius a suis
omnibus aberrasset, adeo ut nocte superveniente tandem
ad domum quandam ordinis Cisterciensis in silvae cujusdam
margine sitam hospitaturus a,ccederet. Qui satis hospitahter
ilico, non tamen ut rex quoniam hoc ignorabant, sed miles de
familia regis et sequela, susceptus fuit. Post ceenam autem
juxta loci naturam et domus facullatem honorifice datani,
abbas ipse cum monachis aliquot ad ipsum ampKus honoran-
dum advenit, rogans etiam et affectuose supphcans quatinus
erga dominum regem, quem propter negotia domus aditurus
in crastino fuit, ut magis ei propitius foret, adjuvaret. Ille
vero se hoc ei facturum et negotia domus erga dominum regem
expediturum pro posse prompta voluntate promisit. Abbas
autem ut militisanimumexhilararet, ipsumque sibi placabilem
nicigis efficeret, calices ei crebros de potu electo more Angh-

148 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^,

cano propinari fecit. Ipsemet quoque, quatinus ad melius
potandum militem provocaret et efficacius invitaret, loco
ivesheil ait e\ pril. Ille vero ignorans quid respondere de-
beret, edoctus ab abbate, pro drincheil respondit ei wril. Et
sic provocantes ad invicem et compotantes, cum monachis et
fratribus assistentibus et servientibus, ingeminare pril et ivril
et alternatim seepius usque noctis ad lioram profundioris in-
culcare non destiterunt. Hiis itaque sub hoc tenore completis,
menbrisque demum sopori datis, surgens summo mane sub
formam militis rex manitus ad horam, ad curiam familiamque
suam propter absentiam dominique sui ex inopinato carentiam
stupidam non mediocritur effectam et animi consternatam, in
opido quodam a quo pridie mane venationis causa discesserat
parum inde distante incunctanter accessit, et cum gaudio mag-
norum suorum omnium magno susceptus, et tamquam qui
perierat inventus Isetabundus intravit. Ubi itaque majestatem
regiam denuo resumpserat, preecepit ilico quatinus abbas dictas
domus quam cito veniret, absque impedimento quolibet aditum
et accessum cum monachis suis ad ipsum haberet. Abbas
autem juris sui non centemptor existens, sed verbis et promissis
hospitis sui fidem habens, ad curiam satis matutinus et non
morosus advenit. Hostiarii vero tam exteriores quam interiores
juxta praeceptum regis portas omnes et januas ei quam citius
apperientes usque ad sedes ulteriores talamosque penitiores ubi
rexerat,ipsum cum monachissuis duobus adipsumconduxerunt.
Rex autem ut abbatem vidit, ipsum ad se vocans, eique liber-
aliter et curialiter assurgens, ad latus suum eundem apposuit,
statimque dixit ei quod negotium domus suas propter quod

venerat i proponeret. Quo facto, negotioque

statim abbatis ad libitum et volun atem domusque suse prorsus
utiUtatem totaliter expedito, abbatem recedere volentem et
cum gratiarum actione plurima prout decuit Kcentiam accipi-
entem, secum ad prandium rex [retinjuit, Cumque a latere
i[psius] situs ad mensam cum honore fuisset, post fercula
splendida prsetiosaque pocula, rex abbatem erigendo cahcem
aureum et araplum in hsec verba convenit : " Abbas pater, dico
tibi pril." Abbas autem, hoc audito, pudore nimirum plurimo
percussus atque tremore, gratiam regis et misericordiam sup-
phciter ut ei parceret et summa cum humilitate postulavit.
Rex vero per oculos Dei jurans, sicut consuevit, et verbum
affirmans, ait " quia sicut heri comedendo simul atque bi-
bendo mutuisque provocationibus nos invicem ad bene potan-
dum imitando boni per omnia socii fuimus, sic et nunc erimus;
et sicut ad nutum vestrum in domo vestra vobis morem
tunc gessimus, sic eequum est et justum ut nobis morem in
domo nostra per ejusdem quoque provocationis verba, scilicet

RELIQUI.'K ANTIQU.t:. 149

hesterna pril et wril, morem gerere satagatis." Compulsus
sic de[mum] rege cogente, quamquam verecundus in tanta
audiencia plurimum etinvitus, respondit regi icril. Et sic inter
regem et abbatem crebrius ex hinc, interque milites et mo-
nachos necnon et rege jubente per aulam et curiam, undi

tam pril et wril, alter [alterum . . . m] utuis vocibus-

que jocundis et clamosis provocando communiter exaltare non
cessarunt. Sic igitur ex hospitis tanti casualiter advecti
fortuita prsesentia crevit dicta domus forsan in mundana sub-
stantia, sed male decrevit apud bonos viros et discretos omnes,
talem potandi provocationem et tam inordinatum, primum in
abbatia, postmodum autem admirationem irrisoriam in curia
factam, audientes.

Wrt.

LE VENERY DE TWETY.

From the Cottonian Manuscript, Vespasian B. xii. of the fifteenth century.

Warton in his History of English Poetry, 4to. Edit. vol. ii. p. 221 . mentions
a Manuscrlpt in the possession of Mr. Turner of Tusmore in Oxfordshire,
cntitled " Le Art de Venerie lequelle maistre Guillaume Twici venour le
roy d'Angleterre fist en son temps pur apprandre autres,"* of which the fol-
lowing Tract appears to be an English translation. It occurs among tlie
Cottonian Manuscripts in the Museum, in a hand which is not older than
the time of Henry the Fifth, though Twici or Twety was the chief huntsman
to King Edward the Second, in whose time the French work was unques-
tionably written.

Of John Gifforde, whose name occurs in the" Explicit " with Twety's,
little information, it is probable, can be obtained. In the Patent Rolls and
different luquisitions, one or more John Giffords will be found, but with no
mention attached that can at all show their connection with the Huntsman.

Another Treatise on hunting called "The Master of the Game," occurs
in the same Manuscript and hand with the English Twety, of which it was
in reality an enlargement. This latter Treatise was the work. of Edward,
Duke of York, who was slain at the Battle of Agincourt.

The Rhymes prefixed to the present Tract do not really belong to it. The
divisions represented by stars, are in the original filled with limnings of the
different animals.

Dame Julyana Bemer'8 Treatise on Hunting is only a metrical version of
Twety's Tract ; with here and there a little enlargement. Her descriptions,
and her terms of hunting, are the same verbatim.

H.E.

Alle suche dysport as voydith ydilnesse
It syttyth every gentilman to knowe ;
For myrthe annexed is to gentihiesse.

• This MS. is now preserved in the rich collection of Sir Thomas Phillips,
Bart., who has printed privately the French original of the tract here

150 RKLIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

Qwerfore among alle other, as y trowe,

To knowe the craft of liontyng and to blowe,

As thys book shall witnesse, is one the beste ;

For it is holsum, plesaunt, and honest.

And for to sette yonge hunter}"s in the way,

To venery y caste me fyrst to go,

Of wheche .iiij. bestis be, that is to say

The hare, the herte, the wulfhe, the wylde boor also,

Of venery for sothe ther be no moe ;

And so it shewith here in portetewre ;

Where every best is set in hys figure.

* * *

And ther ben othyr bestis .v. of chase ;

The buk the first, the do the secunde,

The fox the thryde, whiche ofte hath hard grace,

The ferthe the martyn, and the last the roo ;

And sothe to say ther be no mo of tho ;

And cause vvhy that men shulde the more be sure,

They shewen here also in portreture.

And cause why they be set in portreture

Is this, Hke as lecteture put thyng in mende,

Of lerned men, ryght so a peyntyde fygure

Remembryth men unlernyd in hys kende,

And in wryghtyng for soothe the same I fynde.

Therfore, sith lerned may lerne in this book,

Be ymages shal the lewd, if he wole look.

* * *

And .iij. other bestis ben of gret disport,

That ben neyther of venery ne chace ;

In huntyng ofte thei do gret comfort,

As aftir ye shal here in other place,

The grey is one therof Avith hyse slepy pace,

The cat an other, the otre one also ;

Now rede this book and ye shal fynde yt so.

* * *

Incipit Twety.
Tylle alle tho that wyl of venery iere, y shall hem teche as
y have lernyd of maystris that is disputyd and endyd, that is
for to say, maystere Johan Gyfford and William Twety, that
were wyth kyng Edward the secunde.
Of the Hare.
Now wylle we begynne atte hare, and why she is most mer-
veylous best of the world, and -wherfore that she bereth grece

printed in English. Itmay be observed tliat in tiie Cottonian MS. tlie ^is
clearly distinguished from the c, and no doubt can exist on the orthography
of the words Tivety, troched, &c. Edd.

reliqt:i,e antiqux. 151

and grotheyth, and roungeth, and so dothnonother bestinthys
lond, and at one tyme he [is] male and other tyme female, and
therfore may alle men blow at hyr as at othir bestis, that is to
say at herte, at boor, and at wolf. If it be alway male, a man
may blowe hir for to lede, but it [is] to Avete that all the fayre
Avordis of venery reyseth of hire when ye hym shul seke.
Of Qicestyones.
Syr huntere, how many be.stis acquill? Sat, the buk and
the doo, the male fox and the female, and alle othir vermvn as
many as be putin the book. And how many braches ? Sire,
alle that be acquilez. How many bestis be escorches, and
how many arracies 1 Alle the bestis that beryth suet and
fime ben escorches, and alle that bere grece and freyn be arra-
cies, saf the hare, for he beryth grece and crotyth and not
freyns. How many bestis bere os, and how many ergos ? The
hert berith os above the boor, and the buk berith ergos. The
boor frist he is a pyg as long as he is with his dame, and whene
his dame levyth hym then he is called a gorgeaunt, and the
.iij. yere he is callyd an hoggaster, and when they be of .iiij,
yere age they shall departe fro the sounder for age, and Avhen
he goth soole than is he callyd a boor.

Of the Hert.
Now wyl we speke of the hert, and speke we of his degres;
that is to say, the fyrst yere he is a calfe, the secunde yere a
broket, the .iij. yere a spayer, the .iiij. yere a stagg, the v. yere
a greet stagg, the .vj. yere a hert at the fyrst hed ; but that
ne fallith not in jugement of huntersse, for the gret dvversj-te
that is fownde of hem, for alleway we calle of the fyrst hed tyl
that he be of x. of the lasse. And fyrst whan an hert hath
fourched, and then auntelere ryall, and surryall, and forched
one the one syde, and troched on that other syde, than is he an
hert of .X. and of the more. And whan that he hath alle that
I have namyd byfore, to that he hath troched on boothe par-
ties of the hed, he is of .xij. and of that lasse. And if it be so
that he have troched of that o partye .iij. and on that othcr par-
tye .iiij., he is of .xij. of the more ; he may be of .xiiij. alle
hool, for in thatpoynt,ye shallnot fynde .ij. acordyng to .xiiij.
Whan he hath troched onthat one partye .iiij. and on the other
.v., than is he of .xvj. of defaunte. Whan he is trochid on
bothe sydes .v., than is he of .xvj. atte fulle. And when he is
troched on that one syde of .v. and of that other .vj., he is of
.xviij. of defaunte, and whan he is troched on boothe sydes of
.vj. than is he of .xxiij. atte fulle. And when he goth wexyng
tyl he come to .xxxij. yere, than is he callyd an hert resvgne,
for cause his hed aftir that tvme we.xith no furthere.

152 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

Of Blowing.
Syre huntere, for how many bestisshall a man blow the mene?
For .iij. males and for one femalle, that is to say, for an hert,
the boor, the wolfh male, and alle so the wolfh female, as wel
as tohere husbond. How shall we blowe whan yehan sen the
hert ? I shal blowe after one mote, ij motes, and if myn
howndes come not hastily to me as y wolde, I shall blowe .iiij.
motes, and for to hast hem to me and for to warne the gentel^^s
that the hertis sene, tlian shalle I rechace on n\yn houndis .iij.
tymes, and whan he is ferre from me, than shall y chase hym in
thys maner, Trout, trout, tro ro rot, trout, trout, tro ro rot, trou ro
rot, trou ro rot. Syr huntere, why blowe ye so ] For cause that
the hert is seen, an y wot nevere whedir that myn hundys be
become fro myn meyne. And what maner of chase clepe ye thatl
We clepe it the chace of the forloyne. I chase with my
houndis that be huntyng. Another cliace ther is, and that is
clepid the perfy^t. Than ye shall begynne to blowe a long
mote, and aftirward .ij. shorte motes in this maner, Trout, trout,
and than trout, tro ro rot, begynnyng with a long mole, for every
man that is abowte yow, and can skylle of venery may knowe
in what poynt ye be in yowre game be yourhorn. Another
chace ther is whan a man hath set up archerys and greyhoun-
des, and the best be founde, and passe out the boundys, and
myne houndes after ; than shall y blowe on this maner a mote,
and aftirward the rechace upon my houndys that be past the
])0undys. Whech be the boundes? Ther asthe boundes benthei
that we assignyd, as y have sayd to-fore. Syre huntere, wole
ye sech this chace 1 Ya, sy r ; if it be a best in strest or in chace,
and myn houndes passe out over the boundes, and if ye wyl
not that thcy chace eny lengere, I shall blowe a mote, and af-
tirward I shall strake after myn houndes for to have hem ayen.
Of wheche bestys shal be strepid, and which flayn ] how
many bestis berith lether, and how many skyn ? Alle that be
estorches, that is to say, the skynflayn, beryth lether, and alle
that be arracies, that is to say the skyn pullyd ovyr the hed,
beryth skyn ; and whan the chevest is take, there ye shall
seye howe, herrowe. Tn the tyme of grece begynnyth alle way
atte the fest of the Nativyte of Saynt Jolian baptist.

Of the Hare Huntyng.
And if ye hounte at the hare, ye shall sey atte uncouplyng,
hors de couple, avaunt; and after .iij. tymes, Sohow, sohoio,
sohow. And ye shall seye, Sa, sa, cy, avaunt, sohoiv. And if
ye se that 3'our houndes have good wyl to renne, and be feer
from you, 3'e shalle sey thus, how amy, how amy, swef, mon
amy, shefe, And if eny fynde of bym, where he hath ben,

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E, 153

Rycber or Bemond, ye shall sey, oiez a Bemond le vayllaunt,
que quide trovere le coicard, 02C le court coic. And if ye se
that hath be there at pasture, if it be tyme of grene corne, and
you fvnde wel of hym, ye shalle seye, la, douce amy, la il a
este,forhymsohow. And than ye shull blowe .iij. motes, yf
yowr hund ne chace not wel hym, there one and ther another,
as he hath pasturyd hym, ye shull say, Uleosque, illeosque,
illeosque. Alwey whan they fynde wele of hym, and then ye
shul keste out assygge al abowte the feld, for to se \vhere he
be go out of the pasture, or elhs to his foorme. For he shal
not be gladly there, as he was pastured hym, but if it be in
tyme of, and afterward if that ony hound fynde of hym, or ony
mysyng where he hath been, Ha ! oy toutz cy este il, venez a-
rere, sohow, sa, sa, cy, adesto, sohow, and than sa, sa, cy avaunt.
Whan that ye se another y-goo out of the foorme, as in playnfeld,
or lond yerd, or in wode, and your houndes fynde wel of hym,
ye shull saye ld,douce amy,la est-il venuzpur lue segere, sohow,
and Illeosque, sy, douce amy, sy, talaunt, sohow, sohoic. And.
than whan ye come there as ye trowe that he be dwellyng, and
ye seme A\"eel of hym. ye shall sa}', la, douce amy, la est-il
venuz pur meyndir, sohow. And then whan they ensemble wele
fote hym, and they trowe wele to fynde hym, ye shul saye,
Here, hoic, here, douce, how, here, pur les sans de luy. And
Avhen be is meved, ye shul change your speche and blowyng
booth too, and ye shul saye, as I have sayd to yow afore, ofte
tyl he be ded, and whan the hare is take, and your houndes
haA'e ronne wele to hvm ye shul blowe aftirward, and ye sluil
yef to your houndes the halow, and that is the syde, the sluil-
dres, the nekke, and the hed, and the loyne shal to kechonne.

O/ the Hert dyvers questiouns.

And whan the hert is take, ye shal blowe .iiij. motys, and
shal be defeted as of other bestes, and if your houndes he bokl,
and have slayn the hert \\ith streynth of huntyng, ye shul have
the skyn, and he that undoth hym shal have the shuldre, be
lawe of yenery, and thc houndes shal be rewardid with the
nekke and with the bewelHs, with the fee, and thei shal be
etyn undir the skyn, and therfore it is clepid the quarre, and
the hed shal be brout hom to the lord, and the skyn ; the nex,
tlie gargilon, above the tayle, forched on the ryght honde.
Than blow at the dore of halle the pryse.

OftheBuk.

And whan the buk is i-take, ye shul blowe pryse, and re-
ward your houndes of the paunche and the bowellis.
u

154 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

Of the Boor.

And whan the boor is i-take, he he clefFetyd al velue, and he
shal have .xxxij. hasteletys, and ye shal ^if your houndys the
bowellis boyled withbreed, and it is callyd reward, for cause
that it is etyn on the erthe and not on the skyn. The knyghtis
be not enchaces ne gadered, but they be there that they huntyd
to-fore the houndes. Whan ye shal be bore alle hool hom, the
houndes shal be rewardid with the fete, and the body shal to
the kechyn.

A Qwestion.

And alle maner of bestis that ben enchayde, has o maner
of speche, but sohoic gothe to all manner of chaces, and coup-
lyng and dyscoupl^-ng ; but if yowre houndes renne to one chace,
that is to seve, ruse^t or hamylon, or croiseth, or dwell, and
they conne not put it no ferthere, ye shal seye, Ho, so, amy,
so, venez d couplere, sa, arere, sohoiv. Sohow is moche to say
as sahow, for because that it is short to say, we say al wey
sohov/.

Of Herdis, of Sundre, of Bevys, ofthe Seson of Bestis.

How many herdes be there of bestes of venery ? Sire, of
hertis, of bisses, of bukkes, and of doos. A soundre of wylde
swyne. A bevy of roo?. The sesoun of the fox begynnyth at
the natyvite of owre Lady, and durjlh til the Annunciacion.
And the hare is alwey in seson to be chasyd. And if yowre
houndes chase the hare or the hert, and the houndes be at de-
faunt, ye shal say in tliis maner, then, Sohow, hossame, hossame,
stou, ho, ho, sa, hossame, ariere, sohow. And if your houndes
renne Avele at the fox, or atte the buk, and the be at defaunt, ye
shul sey in another maner, Ho, ho, ore, saueff, a luy, douce,
d luy, ho ho ossayn, sa ariere, sohow, sohow, venez d coupliere.

Explicit le venery deTwetv, andofniavster Johan Giifarde.

Wrt.

THE FOUR VIRTUES.

From MS. Q. F. 29, in the Library of Jesus College, Cambridge ; a 12mo.
volume of the twelfth oentury, on vellum.

Collaterales quaiuor virtutum.

Prudentia habet in dextro latere astutiam et versutiam ; in
sinistro autem hebitudinem mentis. Justitia namque habetin
dextro latere pleonesiam, hoc est plus justo; in sinistro vero
meonesyam, hoc est minus justo. Fortitudo itaque habet in
dextro latere audaciam, in sinistro ignaviam. Temperantia
igitur habet in dextro latere castitatem et continentiam ; in
sinistro vero Ixxxrkbm et Ikbkdknfm.

Hiin.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 155

THE LADY AND HER DOGS,

An Anglo-Norman Salire, from M3. Harl. No. 209, fol. 7, r": of tlie earlier
part of the fourteenth century.

Veez cy solaz de un dame,
Courteyse e de bonefame,

Jeo say un dame de bone purveaunce,
Si vous assentez a sa ordenaunce,
K'avant la paske florie vus justerez de launce
Par tut en sa graunges sauns nul desturbaunce.

Ele est une dame ke tret a grant tresor,
Meuz wut un allouhe hou un esperver sor
Ke trente mere berbiz ho tut lur estor,
E plus ad cher un kenet ke nul vache hou tor.

Vous ke avez cheens dount estes encoumbrez,
Alez a la dame, si vous allegez ;
Vus ke avez treteueles ke vendre ne poez,
Ales a la dame, sy vous en deliverez.

Ele est bone marchaunt e been avisee,
Sys deneres vus dourra pur un cher darre ;
Souffit a ly ke eyt sa voluntee,
E sy nul en grouce, ne avera for maugre.

Ky vousit par mal sa chaumbre visiter,
De quisez e mustilers avereit le mesteer,
Hou la chape seynt Pere de Roumme enprunter ;
Kar il eert assayli de kenet e leverer,

La troverez les kenez sayllaunz cum grifiloun,
E les graunz leverez raumpaunz cum lyoun ;
Mes se garde ben le granger de krostoun,
Par la semeyne de lour lyveresoun.

II avera payn musy ho cerveise assez egre,
Bure assez reste, moruhe assez megre ;
Le cheens averount brouheis de blaunke payn saunz egre,
Pur se sunt jolifs e seins e halegre.

E ceo est been enplaee en ceus ke sunt vaillaunz,
Meyndres e greyndres mout travillaunz,
Les unes pernent wybez, les autres mouche vohiunz,
Les uns chaufent le liz, les autres gardent baunz.

Si vous avez robe de escharlete taylle,
Bayllez a chaufelit, e il le fra mourre.
E si vostre pellure par kas seyt decirre,
Bayller a terebagge, par ly eert redrece.

La dame par matyn va a regUse,
E de treis chapele^^ns ke fount le servise
Fere tele eschaunges, un seul ne prise
Deus lynceus chauz pur un freyde chemyse.

156 RELIQUIiE ANTIQU.E.

Sovent aveent ke clerk hou chapeleyn,
Ho Tun souler chauce, Tautre en la meyn,
Se haste ver la chapele pur soner le seyn ;
U eert en la mercy ky la vendra dreyn.

Avaunt ke les euz seyent descoues,
Enhaucent les notes de porter les nues ;
Mes lur devocioun sount assez cruhes,
Taunt cum lur jaumbes esteuent les nus.

Taunt est la dame de messe enamouree,
Ke sy dys hou dousce seyent leyns chauntee,
Ne lerreit un soule a soun eyndegree,
Ne uncore le gibelot ke ne seyt trousse.

Trop y ad sourkar, dyt la juvencele
Ke derere les autres demurt en la chapele ;
Plus vaudreit en chaumbre ho la verteuele.
Ke escoter de ceo clers sy lounge favele.

Kaunt in principio avant se mette en place,
"Ha!" dit la juvencele, "cy veent bele grace ;
Cesti nous coungeye, cesty nous enchace,
E vers nostre chaumbre nous aprent la trace."

En cele chaumbre troveres une assemble
De bone genti femmes e been enteschee.
Sy n'est une soul de Blaunkeneye nee,
Mes de la More de Blak hou sunt enparentee.

En la sale troverez prest ky abandonne
JManger e beyvre au matin e a nonne,
E tut le jour troverez ke le cheker sonne,
A cele ke meynteent Dieu sa grace donne. Amen.

Wrt.
STANS PUER AD MENSAM.

By John Lidgate. From MS. Q. T. 8, fol. 77, i", in the Library of Jesus
College, Cambridge. Of the fifteenth century.

My dere childe, first thiself enable

With all thin herte to vertuous disciplyne

Afor thi soverayne standing at the table,

Dispose thi youth aftir my doctryne ;

To all norture thi corage to enclyne.

First when thu spekist be not rekles,

Kepe feete and fingeris and handes still in pese.

Be symple of chere, cast not thi looke aside,
Gase not aboute turnyng over all ;
Ageyne the post lat not thi bake abide,
Make not thi myrroure also of the ^\all;

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 157

Pike not thi iiose, and in especiall

Be right well ware, and set hereon thi thought,

To-for thi soverain cracche ne rube nought.

Who spekis to the in ony maner place,
Lumbisshly cast not thi hede a-down,
Bot with sad chere looke hym in the face ;
Walke demurly by stretis in the towne,
And advertise of wisdoine and reson.
With dissolute laughters thou doo noon offence
To-fore thi tovereyne, whill he is in presence.

Pare clene thi nailes, thi handis wassh aiso
To-for mete and when thu doost arise ;
Sit in that place thu arte assigned to ;
Prese not to high in no manner wise ;
And till thu see afore the thi service,
Be not to hasty on brede for to bite,
Of gredynes lest men the wolde a-wite.

Grennyng and mowes at table eschewe ;
Crye not to loude ; kepe honestly silence ;
T'enboce thi jowes with brede it is not due ;
With full mouth speke iiot, lest thu do offence ;
Drinke not bridlid for hast nor necligence ;
Kepe clene thi lippes fro fatt of flessh or fysshe ;
Wype fayre thi spoon, leve it not in thi dische.

Off brede y-bite no soppis that thu make ;
Loude for to suppe it is ageyn gentilnes ;
With mouth embre"\\'ed thi cuppe thou not take ;
In ale ne wyne Avith honde leve no fatnes ;
Foul not thi naprie for no reklesnes ;
Nevyr at met be warre gynne no stry ve ;
Thy teth also ne pike not with thi knyff.

Off honest myrthe lat be thi daHaunce ;

Swere noon othes, spek no rebaudry ;

The best morsell, have this in remembraunce,

Hole to thiself alway do not applye ;

Part with thi felawe, for that is curtasie :

Lade not thi trenchoure with many remissailes ;

And fro blaknes alway kepe thi nailes.

Off curtasie also geyn the lawe,
Which sou dishonest for to doon offence ;
Of olde surfettes abraid not thi felawe ;
Toward thi soverain alway thin advertence ;
Play with no knyff, take hede to my sentence ;
At mete and soper kepe the still and soft ;
Eke to and fro meve not thi foote to oft.

158 RELIQULE ANTIQUJE.

Drope not thi brest with sauce ne with potage ;

Bring no knyves unskoured to the tablc ;

Fyll not thi spoone, leest in the carriage

It wente beside, which were not comendable ;

Be quyke and redye, meke and servyable,

Well a-waytyng to fulfyll anoon

What thi soverain commandith the to donc.

And Avhare so be thu dyne or supe,

Of gentillnes talce salt with thi knyfe ;

And be well ware thu blowe not in the cupe ;

Reverence thi felawis,begynne wyth tham no stryff;

To thi power kepe pees all thi Ufe ;

Interrupt not, wherre so that thu wende,

No mans tale, till he have made an ende.

With thi fyngere marke not thi tale ;

Be well avysed, namly in tender age,

To drynke by mesure both vyne and alle;

Be not copious also of thi language ;

As tyme requireth, shewe out of thi visage,

To glad ne sory, bot kepe the atwene tweyne,

For losse or lucre or any case sodeyne.

Be meke in mesure, not hasty bot tretable ;
Over mych is not worth in no thing ;
To childre longith not to be vengeable,
Soone mevid and sone foryeving,
As it is remembred by olde writyng,
Wrath of childre is sone over-gone,
With an appill parties be maade at one.

In childre nowe myrth and nowe debate,

In theire querell is no grete violence ;

Nowe play, nowe wepyng, selde in oon estate ;

To there pleyntes gyff no gret credence.

A rodd reformyth all theire insolence ;

In theire corage no rancoure doth abide ;

Who sparith the yerde, all vertue set a-side.

Goo, litill bill, bareyne of eloquence,

Pray yong childre that the shall see or rede,

Thof that thu be compendious of sentence,

Of thi clausis for to take hede,

Which to all vertue shall thare youth lede ;

Of the writyng thof thaire be no date,

If ought be mysse in worde, sillable, or dede,

Put all defaute upon John Lidgate.

E. H. Hunter.

RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

159

POETIC DESCRIPTION OF DURHAM.

Froma MS. in tlie public library of the University of Cambridge, Ff. 1,
27, 12th cent. at the end of the Chrouicleof Simeon of Durham. Twysden,
jn his edition of that historian, col. 7G, has {j;iveu these verses. The
absence of }>, and the constant use of ^, seem to indicate a northcrn
dialect.

De situ Dunehnietde sanctorum reliquiis quce ihidem continen-
iur carmen compositum.

Is ■Seos burch breome
geond Breoten-rice,
steppa ge-sta-Solad,
stanas ymbutaa
wundrum ge-waexen ;
Weor ymb-eorna-b,
ea ySum stronge,
^ 'Ser inne wuna^
fela fisca kyn
on floda ge-monge ;
■]) Sa)r ge-wexen is
wuda fffistern micel ;
wunia'5 in ^em wycum
wilda deor monige,
in Deope-dalum
deora un-gerim.
Is in -Sere byrieac
bearnum ge-cySed,
'Se arfesta
eadig Cudberch,
^ "Ses clene

cyninges heafud

Osuualdes engle-leo,

•;] Aidan biscop,

Eadberch -) Eadfri-S,

ee^Sele ge-feres.

Is Ser inne midd heo?n

^■(Selwold biscop,

^ breoma bocera Beda,

^ Boisil abbot,

'5e clene Cu-Sberte

on ge-che-Se

lerde histum,

~} he wis lara

wel-ge>nom eardife^

get "Sem eadige.

In 'Sem minstre un-arimeda

rehquia Se nionia

wundrum gc-wur^Sa^S,

•Ses -Se writ segge"S,

mid 'Sene drihtnes

wer domes bide^.

Wrt.

PATER NOSTER, CREED, &c.

From MS. Gg. IV. 32, Bib. Publ. Cautab. temp. Hen. IV. This volume
appears to have been thecommon-placebook of a parish priest.

Oratio Dominica.

Oure fader in hevene riche,
Thin name be i-blesced evere i-Uche,
Led us, Loverd, into thi bhsce,
Let us nevre thin riche misse.
Let us, Loverd, underfon
That thin wille be evere i-don,
Also hit is in hevene
In erthe be hit evene.

160 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

Tlie hevene bred that lasteth ay

3if us, Loverd, this ilke day ;

For^if us, Loverd, in oure bone

All that we haven here misdone,

Also wisliche ase we for^iven

Hwiles we in this worlde liven

Al that us is here misdo,

And we biseken the thereto,

Led us, Loverd, to non fondinge,

And sscild us fram alle evel thinge. Ainen.

Speculum humani generis.
Sori is the fore
Fram beclde to the flore,
And werse is the flette
Fram flore to the pette,
And for senne thine
Fro?n pette to the pine ;
WeilaAvei and wolawo !
Thanne is joye al over-go.

Be the lef other be the loth,
This worldes wele al a-goth,
Under night and under day
Thine daies fluten away,
Thise beth tueye thinges stronge
That everich man holdeth in honde.

Suo sit fairhed in womman sot,
Suo the geldene begh in suynes tln'ot,
Bituene hope and drede
Schal man his lif right lede.

Cimbolum in Atiglica lingua.

I bileve in God fader in hevene,
Ahnighti, that in dayes sevene
Hevene and erthe haveth wroght,
And al that tharinne is, of noght ;
And in Jhesu Crist sone his
One, that oure Loverd is,
That thorgh the hoh gostes might
Kenned Avas and flessc tok right,
And of mayden Marie boren
To sauven tho that were for-loren,
And tholede after for sennes mine
Under Ponce Pilate pine,

I

RELIQUI.« AKTIQU,«. 161

Sore and smarte, stark and stronge,
And sithen on rode was an-honge,
Bi his wille, and deide on tre,
His bodi was bered, as oweth be
Man and wymman that is ded,
Thus overkam Jhesu the qued.
His soule after to helle Hghte,
And out of pine thorgh his mighte
Tho Gode tok that he ther soghte,
And into Paradis hem broghte.
Up he rose the thridde day
Out of the throwe ther he lay,
Hol mon and sond, withouten lak,
With his disciples ^ede and spak.
Up to hevene after he stegh
His fader side he sit wel nejh
On ahnighti Godes right hond,
Hevene and helle, water and lond,
For to deme, quike and dede,
He >scall come to gode and quede.
The Holv Gost I leve wel,
And Holi Cherche everi del,
Of lioli halewen mendenesse»
And of sennes for^evenesse,
Thorgh the mighte of Jhesu Crist,
And on oure flessches uprist,
And on the lif withouten indinge,
Jhesu Crist us thider bringe .' Amen.

Hllll.

AN ARITHMETICAL QUESTION.

From MS. Ee. iv. 35, in tiie Cambritlge Public Librarj', a folio volume of
English poetry of the fifteenth century.

In Ynglond ther ys a schepcote, the Avhiche schepekote hayt
ix. dorys, and at yevery dor standet ix. ramys, and eyery ram
hat ix. ewys, and yevery ewe hathe ix. lambys, and yevery
lambe hayt ix. hornes, andyevery horne liaytix. tyndes; what
ys the somme of alle thos belle ?

HlUl.

w

162 RELIQLI.E AXTIQU.E.

SATIRE ON THE LADIES.

From MS. Reg. 8 E, xvii, fol. 108, V, of the thirteenth century.
Ici comence lajeste des dames.

Quei diroms de.s dames kaunt vienent a festes,
Les unes des autres avisent les testes,
Portent les boces cum cornues bestes ;
Si nule seit descornue, de cele font les gestes.

Des braz font la joie kaunt entrent en chambre,
Moustrent les coverchefs de seye e de chambre,
Atachent les botons de coral e de rambre,
ZVe tesent de gangler tant cum sont en chambre.

Uokes mandeut les bruoys, si seent a disner,
Gettent les barbez la bouciie pur overer ;
Si entrast a icel houre un nice esquier,
De un prive escharn ne put pas ben failler.

Deus vistes vallez unt asset a fere,
De servir a totes de chescun a plere ;
Un a la cusine ku" viande a quere,
Autre a la botelerie le bon vin a trere.

Kaunt eles ount dine tot a leisir,
S'aherdent ensemble pur priveement parler ;
La une de Tautre entice le quor,
Si aucune privete put alocher.

Kaunt houre est a manger, avalent les degrez,
Entrent en sale coytement jointez ;
Ilok put hom veer la bele ensemblez,
Ke tot sanz envie ne passera la jornee.

Kaunt a la table a manger sont assis,
Reen ne manguent de kaunke la est mys ;
Mout se tenent en pes e moustrent lor vis,
Ke plus est regardee cele porte le prys.

Kaunt eles ount moustre ce ke est par devant,
Trovent acheson d'escouper arere bank,
Ke les genz pussent veer roveraigne grant
Ke gyst par derere, ke musce fu avant.

Kaunt levent de la table, ne di pas del manger,
Kar poy ont mange, ce fist lour bon disner,
Entrenc donke en chambre pur entresolacer,
De soutillete de overaigne doiik covient treiter.

Lors vienent en place les overaignes ridees,
Le eymer de Alemaigne, e les overes percees,
L'overe sarrazynoys, e Tovre peynee,
Oue Tentaylleure e Tovre enleynnee,
Li perroun e lymeHce e ii dia-pree.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 163

Li bastoun e li peynet e li geriiettee,
E li double samyt n'y est pas obliee,
E li ovre de redener ont sovent manyee.

Cele ke plus en seet sera lour listresce ;
Les autres li escoutent sanz nule peresce.
La ne dorment mie cum font a la messe,
Pur la prise de vanite dont ont grant leesce.

Pus s'en vount a roustel, retornent de la feste,
E tant tost si changent la bele iusante teste,
Cele ke fu si fresche ja devient si reste,
Ke le marchant se repent ki achata cele beste.

Pus font la folye ke mult fet a charger,
Kaunt a nule feste deivent retorner,
Ben long tems avant coment despescer,
Garlaundesches e trescoures e tot renoveler.

Lors changent la couchure, diversent le champ ;
Ore mettent les perles ou furent plates avant ;
De un leon recoupe funt egle volant,
De un cyn entaillye un levere tapisant.

Mes ke lour at^T ja tant ben seyt fet,
Kaunt une fez est veu de ren ne lour plest.
Tel est ore envie et tant orgoil en crest,
Ke la fiile le provost la dame contrefest.
Icijinist la geste des dames.

Wrt.

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS.

Selected from a paper MS. in 4to. of the fifteenth century, preserved in the
Cambridge Public Library — Ee. i. 13.

For to make boke-glewe. — Take the soAvndys of stok-fysch,
and sethe hem in worte, or ellys in thynne ale, tyl that they be
tendyr ; thanne take them and ley hem in a lynen cloth, and
presse out the water tyl they be herd and drye ; than cut hem
on pecys, and let hem dr}e up.

For to make hxyrn-glew. — Take pec^sof velym, and put hem
in stondynge watyr to the tyme they be nere sothyn ; than
streyne the watyr thorow a lynen cloth into a basyn, the thyk-
nesse of half an enche ; and whan yt ys cold, cut yt owt in
pecys, and put yt on a thred, and drye yt in tlie sunne.

For to make clene thy hoke yfyt he defowlyd or squaged. —
Take a schevyr of old broun bred of the crummys, and rub
thy boke therwith sore up and downe, and }"t shal clense yt.

For to make luernysch. — Tal\.e a galon of good ale, and put
thereto iij. ounces of gumme of Arabyke, and boyle a galon
into a quarte, and kepe yt welle.

164 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

For to wryte golde. — Take grey pomys, grynde yt smalle,
temper yt with gleyre as rede ynke ys, and wryte therwith ;
and qwhan yt ys drye, rub theron gold or sylver, and as the
metal ys so yt wylle be sene, and than borne yt with a tosch
of a calf.

For to wryte secretely that no man kan rede yt. — Take
gallys, and breke hem, and ley hem in stondyng watyr a nyght ;
wryte with that water, and let it drye, and whan thou wylt
rede yt, take vytryole, and make yt in pouder ; put yt in a
moyst cloth, and rub that thoAv hast wretyn, and yt shal apere
that thow mayst rede yt.

For to make glas bryght. — Take synderys and watyr, and
temper hem togedyr, and rub thi glas, and yt schal be clere.
Or e]lys, take venegar and watyr medelyd togedyr, and wasch
thy glas therwyth.

Hllll.

POEM ON THE ALPHABET.

From a MS. in the Cambridge University Library, Gg. V. 35 j of the
eleventh century, on vellum.

Incipiunt versus cujusdam Scoti de Alfabeto.

A. Principium vocis veterumque inventio prima,
Nomen habens domini, sum felix voce pelasga,
Execrantis item dira interjectio dicor,

B. Principium libri, mutis caput alter et ordo
Tertia felicis vere sum sillaba semper ;

Si me Grsece legas, viridi tum nascor in horto.

C. Principium coeli primis et luna figuris ;

Et me clerus amat, legeris si Greece Latinus.
Liltera sum terree pedibus prcescripta quaternis.

D. Ablati casus vox sum, et pars septima linguse ;
Omnitens nomen et habens us bannita juncta,

Sum medium mille, et veterum quoque nota Deorum.

E. Pars ego mutorum vere vocalis habebor;
Altera deceptti; quondam sum sillaba matris ;
Pars quoque sum plena, et vocis quinta Latinee.

F. Semisonus dicor, liquidis ut muta ministro ;
Nescio quid causae est cur me sic ebrius odit.
Nox perit et tenebrEe, si me de flumine tollas.

G. Si solam legeris, tunc clarus Csesar habebor;
Si duplicem legeris, Romanus pra3sul habebor ;
Post me quinta sonat parvum vocalis in ore.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 165

H. Nomen habens vacuum, fragilem deporto figuram,
Non nisi per versus minae manet ulla potestas ;
Hoc tantum valui linguis spiramina ferre.

I. Sum numerus primus, juvenum contentio magna ;
Spreta figura milii est etiani, sed mira potestas ;
Me tamen hand dominus vohiit de lege perire.

K. Dux ego per primos primae vocaUs habebor,
Meque meo penitus pepulerunt jure moderni ;
Nunc caput Afrorum merui vel mensis haberi.

L. Si me Graece legas, totum sine sorde videbis ;
Nec frustra, quoniam per carmina ssepe hquesco.
&ed tamen agricola in curvo me vertice portat.

M. In metris jugiter cum sim vocahbus esca,
Suadeo de musis toHas me nongentricis,
Ne atra figura tuos tenebris obfuscet ocellos.

N. Vox sum certa sonans qua res monstratur adesse ;
Tollere me muUi queerunt de nomine frustra.
Vim quoque sic soUtam phiteo de carmine prodens.

O. Littera seepe choris sensum signata canentum,
Curro vias muUas, manibus sed fixa manebo ;
Perque meam formam sEeclorum vertitur ordo.

P. Me sine nuUa potest hominum concordia cerni ;
Nota potentis eram plebis praescripta columnis ;
Sic quoque nota fui patrum bis scripta priorum.

Q. Sola mihi virtus vocalem vincere quintam ;
Qua sine non nascor ego, hanc occido nefande ;
Qua propter juste memet respuere quaternge.

R. Est nomen durum, sed virtus durior iUo ;
Idcirco placuit me non moUire camoenis ;
Nota tamen fueram populos vincentis et orbem.

S. Nota fui patrum proprie et virtutis in odis,

Sed modo jam meUus domini sum nota secunda ;
Et me Phcebus amat posuitque in ordine lucis.

T. Augelus en voluit poni me in fronte gementum,
Ceetera turba neci miserae dum tota dabatur ;
Te precor hoc legitans proprio me nomine signa.

V. Forma manet semper, virtus mihi sed variatur ;
Utraque sum vere nuUo discrimine formse ;
Nec me Greecus habet scriptam, sed me duo complent.

X. Forma mihi simplex, sed certe duppla potestas.
Aere me puro prfescribit penna volantis ;
Per me saepe patet numerus de lege sacratus. Finit.

Hllll.

166 RELIQUI.E ANTIQUJi.

SCRAPS OF VERSE.

From a Manuscript in the Library of St. Paurs Cathedral ; a miscel-
laneous theological vohime of ihe fifteenth century, under thepress-mark,
—9 D. xix.

Fol. 76, ro.

To the chyld mak^ng,

To the maner of beryng,

To the myght of his helpyng,

Throwh hym the world ys i-right

Holden in myght and ryght.
i^oZ. 270, yo.
Prayes to God sorofully to forgyff 30W 30 wr syn ;
Prayes to God mekely to bryng 30W to blys that he is in ;
Prayes to God hertly that he kep 30W fro ^owr enemys,
That thay of 30W the over home ne Avyn.

Fol. 271, vo.

I schalle pray for hys sowle, that God gyfF hym rest ;
And schalle hop for hys sowle, for that con I best.
He wold no^t do for hymself a\ hylys he was on lyve,
And if I do for hys sowle, small moste I tliry ve.

Fol. 37, ro.

Wanne the hillus smoken,

Thanne Babilon schal have an eende ;
But whan they brenne as tho fyyr,

Thanne eerthe schal henus weende ;
Whenne tho watres rennen liem froo,

The pepul schal turne to eerthe a^eyne ;
And yf ye bleden aboute over,

Alle men schul be slayne,

Hllll.

LOVE.

From MS. Trin. CoU. Cant. B. 15, 17, last leaf, of the reign of Edward III.

Crist made to man a fair present,

His blody body with love y-brent,

That bhsful body his lyf hath sent,

For love of man whom sin hath blent.

O, love ! love ! what hastow ment ]

Me thynketh that love to wraththe is went.

Thi lovehche hondes love hath to-rent,

And thi lithe armes wel streyte y-tent ;

Thi brest is bare, thi body is bent,

For wrong hath wonne, and right is shent.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 167

Thi mylde bones love hath to-drawe ;
Thi nayles, thi feet ben al to-gnawe.
The lord of love love hath ncw slawe.
Whan love is strong, love hath no lawe.

His herte is rent, his body is blent,
Upon the roode tree ;
Wrong is went, the devel is shent,
Crist, thoru3 the mv^t of thee.

For that herte is leyd to wedde ;
Swich was the love that herte us kedde ;
That herte brast, that herte bledde,
That herte blood oure soules fedde.

That herte he yef for treuthe of love ;
Therfore in hj-m one is trewe love.
For love of thee that herte is yove,
Keep thou that herte, and thou art above.

Love, love, Avher shaltow Avone ?
Thy wonyng stede is thee bynome.
For Cristes that was thyn home,
He is deed, now hastow none.

Love, love, why dostow so 1

Love, thow brekest myn herte a-t"\\'o.

Love hath shewed his grete myjt ;
For love hath maad day of the ny^t.
Love hath slawe the kyng of ry^t,
And love hath ended the stronge fy^t.

So muchel love was nevere noon ;
That witeth ful wel Marie and Jhon,
And also witeth thei everichon
That love uith hym is maad aton.

Love maketh, Crist, thyn herte myn ;
So maketh love myn herte th^-n.
Thanne shal my love be trewe and fyn,
And love in love shal make fyn. Amen.

WrL

168 RELIQULE ANTIQU.E.

A CHARTER IN VERSE.

From MS. Cotton. .Tulius F. X, fol. 154, a modern transcript.

Inter Record. de termino Sancti Hillarii Anno Regni Regis Edwardi
Secundi xviinio- penes Thes. et Camerar. Scaccarii Rem. inter alia conti-
nentur sic

Charta Sancti Edwardi Regis
de concessione ballivce suce.

Iche Edward Kynge

Have yeoven of my forest the keping,

Of the Hundred of Chelmer ant Dansing,

To Randolph Peperking ant to his kyndlyng,

With hart ant hynd, do ant bokke,

Hare ant foxe, catt ant brocke,

Wild fowle with his flocke,

Partriche, fesant henne ant fesant cocke,

With grene ant wilde, stob ant stokke,

To kepen ant to yeomen by all her myght

Bothe by day [ant] eke by nyght ;

Ant houndes for to holde,

Gode ant swift ant bold,

Four greyhoundes ant six raches

For hare ant fox ant wilde cattes ;

Ant therof iche made hym my book,

Witnes the bisshop Wolston,

Ant book-y-lered many on,

An Sweyn of Essex our brother,

Ant teken hym many other,

Ant our steward Howelyn

That besought me for hym.*

G. J. A.

* The word and is represented in these lines in the original by a contrac-
tion, except in line 10, where it is spelt ant, a very common forra in MSS.
of the reign of Ed. ll.— Wrt.

WHAT IS WOMAN ?

From MS. Ee. II. 33, Bib. Publ. Cantab., of the thirteenth century.

Quid est muHer ] Amicitia inimica ; ineffugabilis poena ;
necessarium malum ; naturalis temptatio ; desiderabilis cala-
mitas ; domesticum periculum ; delectabile detrimentum ; mali
nata, boni colore dipicta; janua diaboH ; via iniquitatis ;
scorpionis percussus notitiumque genus femina. Ex eis ab
initio aucupatum est peccatum.

Hllll.

RELIQUIiK ANTIQU/E. 169

PATERNOSTER AND AVE.

From a MS. in the Cambridge Public Library, Hh. VI. II, of tlie thirteenth
century, on vellum.

Hure fader, that art in hevene, blessed be thi name,

Thin holi heveriche mote us cumen to frame,

Thi wil be don in hevene and in erthe ii same,

To day us yif ure lifli bred that ilke dai we craven,

And foryif us oure dettes, so stronge so we hes haven,

Also we don alle men that in oure dettes aren,

And lede us noht in fonding, bote silde us fro harm and fro

schame,
And fro alle kennes iveles, thuruh thin holi name. Amen.

Heyl Marie ! of grace i-fild,
And of God himself i-teld,
Blisceth be thu among wimmen,
For thu art of Davi kinges kin,
Blesced be the frut of thi wombe,
For it is Goddes owene lombe.

HllU.

LOVE SONG.

From MS. Ff. I. 6, Bib. Publ. Cantab.,of the fifteenth century.

My Avoofull hert thus clad in payn
Wote natt welle what do nor seyn,

Longe absens grevyth me so ;
For lakke of syght nere and I fleyn,
All joy myne hert hath in dissedeyn,

Comfort fro me is go.
Then thogh I Avold me owght complain
Of my sorwe and grete payn,

Who shold comfort me do ?
Ther is nothinge can make me to be fayn,
But the syght of liym agayn

That cawsis my woo.
None but he may me susteyn,
He is my comfort in all payn,

I love hym and no moo ;
To hym I woll be trywe and playn,
And evyr his owne in serteyn,

Tyll deth departe us to.
My hert shall I never fro hym refrayn,
I gave hitt hym withowte constrayn,

Evyr to conten^^e so.

//////

i:70

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^,

THE PROVERBS OF KING ALFRED.

From MS. Trin. Coll. Camb. B. U, 39, of the beginning of the thirteenth
century. There was also a copy in M5. Cotton. Galba, A. xix. which un-
fortunately perished in the fire. Wanley (p. 231) and Spelman (Vit ^lf. p.
127) have preserved some lines of it, which give some various readings.
There is another copy in^a MS. at Oxford, of which Sir Frederic Madden
has kindly given a transcript, printed here at the foot of the pages.

At Siforde

setin kinhis monie,

fele biscopis,

•j fele booc-lerede,

herles prude

^ criites egleche.

})er was erl Alfred,

ofpe lawe sui|?e wis,

■;] heke Alfred

Englene herde,

Englene derUng;

in Enkelonde he was king.

hem he gon lerin,

so we mugen i-herin,

whu we gure Hf lede suUn.

Alfred he was in Enkelondc a king,

wel swij>e strong ■j lufsum ]?ing.

He Avas king ■3) cleric,

ful wel he lovede Godis werc ;

he was wis on his word,

^ war on his werke ;

he was ]>e wisiste mon

J>ad was in Engelonde on.

From MS. Coli. Jes. Oxon. 1, 29, fol. 262.
Incipiunt documenta rcr/ls Alvredi.

At Sevorde

sete theyues monye,

fele biscopes,

and feole bok i-lered,

eorles prute,

knytes egleche.

Thar wes the eorl Alvrich

of thare lawe swithe wis,

and ek Ealvred,

Englene hurde,

Englene dnrlyng ;

on Englene londe he wes kyng.

Heom he bi-gon lere,
so ye raawe i-hure,
hw hi heore lif
lede scholden.

Alvred lie wes in Englene lond
and king wel swithe strong ;
he wes king and he was clerek,
wel he luvede Godes werk ;
he wes wis on his word,
and war on his werke ;
he wes the wysuste mon
that wes Engle londe on.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

171

1F bus quad Alfred,
En

glene frowere
wolde we, mi leden,
lustin gure lovird,
■j he gu wolde wissin
of wi[s]liche j^inges,
gu we mistin in werelde
wrsipe weldin,
^ heke gure salle
same to Criste.
J)is weren ]>e sawen
of kinc Alfred :
Armo ■;] edie ledin
of livisdom,
)7ad we alle dredin
gure dristin Crist,
lovin him -3 likin,
for he is lovird ovir lif.
He is one God
over alle godnesse,
^ he is gleues
over alle glade]?inhes ;
he is one blisse
over alle blitnesse ;
he is one mones
mildist maister ;
he is one folkes
fadir and frowere ;
he is one ristewis,
•;] suo riche king,
nat him sal ben wone
no J;ing of is wille.

Thus queth Alvred,
Englene frover ;
Wolde ye, mi leode,
lusten eure loverde,
he 6u wolde wyssye
wisliche thinges ;
hw ye myhte worldes
wrthsipes welde,
and ek eure saule
somnen to Criste.
Wyse were the wordes
the seyde the king Alvred.

Mildeliche ich munye,
myne leove freond,
povre and riche,
leode myne,
that ye alle adrede

ure dryhten Crlst,

luvyen hine and lykyen ;

for he is loverd of lyf;

he is one God

over alle godnesse ;

he is one gleaw

over alle glednesse ;

he is one blisse

over alle blissen ;

he is oiie monnen

mildest mayster ;

he is one folkes

fader and frover ;

he is one ri)\twis,

and so riche king,

that him ne schal beo wone

nouht of his wille,

172

RELIQUI.E ANTIQUj;.

wo him her on worolde
wrj^in ]?enket.

H J?us quad Alfred,
Englene frovere :
May no riche king
ben onder Crist selves,
bote J;if he be booc-lerid,
3 he writes wel kenne ;
•j bote he cunne letteris,
lokin him selven
wu he sule his lond
laweliche holden.

ir pus quad Helfred:
^e herl ■;) ]>e he]?eUng,
|>o ben under J^e king,
Jje lond to leden
mid lavehch i-dedin ;
bo]?e ]?e clerc ^ ]>e cnit
demen evenhche rict.
For after ]>at mon souit,
als suyich sal he mouin,
-} everiches monnes dom
to his oge dure cherricd.

ir ))us quad Alfred :
\>e cnith biovit
kerUche to cnouen,
for to weriin \>e lond of here
•] of heregong,
]7at ])e riche habbe gryt,
^ ]?e cherril be in frit
his sedis to souin,
his medis to mowen,

we hine her oii worlde
MTthie thencheth.

Thus queth Alvred,
Englene vrover ;
Ne may non ryhtwis king
under Criste seolven,
bute if he beo
in boke i-lered,
and he his wyttes
swithe wel kunne,
and he cunne lettres
lokie him seolf one,
hw he schule his lond
laweliche holde.

Thus queth Alvred :
The eorl and the cthelyng
i-bureth under godne king.

that lond to leden

myd lawelyche deden ;

and the clerek and the knyht,

he schulle demen evelyche riht,

the povre and the ryche

demen i-Iyche.

Hwych so the mon soweth,

al swuch he schal mowe ;

and everuyches monnes dom

to his owere dure churreth.

Than knyhte bi-hoveth

kenliche on to fone,

for to werie that lond

wlth hunger and with heriunge,

that the chireche habbe gryth,

and the cheorl beo in fryth,

his sedes to sowen,

his medes to mowen,

RELIQUI.E ANTI(iU.fi.

173

his plouis to drivin,
to ure alre bi-lif ;
];is is ]>e cnichs lage,
loke ]7at hit wel fare.

1f J)us quad Helfred :
Wid widutin wisdom
is Avele ful unwrd,
for ]7au o mon h[ad]de
hunt sevinti acreis,
■3 he al heged sagin
mid rede golde,
■;) ]>e golde greu
so gres deit on ]?e vei^e,
ne were i... wele
nout ]>e vur}>ere,
bote he him freraede
frend y-werche.
For wad is g[old] bute ston,
bute id habbe wis mon 1

1f ])us quad Alfred :
Sulde nefere guge mon
given him to huvele,
^och he is gile
we] ne hke..,
ne^]7ech he ne welde
al ^ad he wolde ;

and his plouh beo i-dry ve,
to ure alre bihove.
This is thes knyhtes lawe,
loke he that hit wel fare.

Thus queth Alvred :
Tlie moa the on his youhthe
yeorne leometh
wit and wisdom,
and i-writen reden,
he may beon on elde
wenliche lorthen.
And the that nule one youhthe
yeorne leorny
wit and wysdom
and i-writen rede,
that him schal on elde
sore rewe.

Thenne cumeth elde
and unhelthe,
thenne beoth his wene
ful wrothe i-sene,
bothe heo beoth bi-swike,
and eke hi beoth a-swunde.

Thus queth Alvred.
Wyth-ute wysdome
is weole wel unwurth ;
for they 0 mon ahte
hunt seventi acres,
and he hi hadde i-sowen
alle myd reade golde,
and the gold greowe
so gres doth on eorthe,
nere he for his weole
never the further,
bute he him of frumthe
freond i-wrche.
For hwat is gold bute ston,
bute if hit haveth wismon ?

Thus queth Alvred ;
Ne scolde never yongmon
howyen to swithe,
theih him his wyse
wel ne Ijkie,
iie theih he ne welde
al that he wolde.

174 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

for God raay given wanne he wele

goed after yvil,

wele after ^\'rake ;

ge wel him ]?et mot scapen.

1f hus quad Alfred :

[Stronjge it his to rogen
agen ]>e se flod,
so it is to swinkin
again hineselj^e,
..ch is him aguepe
\>e suinch was,
wanen her on werlde
welj^e to winnen,
..he muge onhelde
hednesse holdin,
ne mist his wel]?e
werchin Godis wille,
,.enne his his guewe
swi]7e wel bitogen.

1f ])us quad Alfred :

Gif ]?u havest Avel]?e a wold,

i-Avis gerlde ne ]?in wil nevre for-]7i

al to wlonc wur-]7en.

[Ah]te nis non eldere stren,

ac it is Godis love,

wanne hitis his wille,

Aver fro we sullen wenden,

~} ure ogene lif

mid sorw letin,

]7anne scullen ure fon

to ure fe gripen,

welden ure madmes,

^ lutil us himenen.

1f J)us quad Alfred :
Monimon wenit
]7at he wenen ne ]>arf,

For God may yeve thenne he wule and worldes weole her i-winth,

god after uvele, that he may on elde

weole after wowe ; idelnesse holde,

wel is him that hit i-schapen is, and ek myd his worldes weole

god i-queme er he quele,

Thus seyth Alvred : youthe and al that he haveth i-drowe

Strong hit is to reowe is thenne wel bi-towe.
ayeyn the see that floweth,

so hit is to swynke Thus queth Alvred :

ayeyn unylimpe. Monymon weneth,

The mon the on his youhtlie swo that he wene ne tharf,
swinketh,

RELIQUI.« ANTIQU.«.

175

longer livis,

ac him scal legen Jjat wrench ;

for wanne he is lif alre beste trowen,

l^enne sal he letin Hf his ogene.

Nis no Avurt woxen

on woocle no on felde,

J7et evvre muge ]>e Hf up helde.

Wot no mon j^e time

wanne he sal henne rimen,

ne no mon \)en hende

wen he sal henne wenden.

Drittin hit one wot,

domis lovird,

wenne we ure Hf

letin scuHen.

1f J)us quad Alfret :

Leve jju j^e nout to swij^e

up ]?e se flod ;

gif |?u hawest madmes monie,

•j moch gold -^ silvir,

it soHen wurj?en to nout,

to duste it suUin driven.

Dristin sal Hvin evre ;

moninion for is gold

havid Godis eire,

^ J7uruch is silver

is sauHe he for-lesed.

longes lyves,

ao him lyeth the wrench ;

for thaiine his lyves

a!re best luvede,

tlienne he schal leten

lyf hiai owe.

For nys no wrt uexynde

a wude ne a velde,

that ever muwe thas feye

furth up-holde.

Not no mon thene tyme

hwanne he schal heonne turue ;

ne no mon thene ende

hwenne he schal heonne wende ;

Dryhten hit one wot,

doweihes loverd,

hwanne ure lif

leten schule.

Thus queth Alvred :
Yf thu seolver and gold
yefst and weldest in this world,
never iipeji eorthe
to wlonk thu ny wrthe.
Ayhte nys non ildre i-streon ;

ac hit is Godes love,
hwanne it is his wille,
thar of we schulle wende,
and ure owe lyf
myd alle for-leten,
thanne schuUe ure i-fon
to ure vouh gripen,
weklen ure maythenes,
and leten us byhinde.

Thus queth Alvred ;
Ne i lef thu nouht to fele
uppe the see that floweth.
If tliu hafst madmes
monye and i-nowe,
gold and seolver,
hit schal guyde to nouht ;
to duste hit schal dryven.
Dryhten schal libben evere.
Monymon for his gold
haveth Godes urre,
and for his seolver
hym seolve for-yemeth,
for-yetcth and for-Ieseth.

176

RELIQULE ANTIQU^.

Betere him were
i-borin ]?at he nere.

1[ ])us quad Alfred :
lustlike lustine
. . lef dere,

^ ich her gu Aville leren
Avenes mine,
wit "3 wisdome.
])e alle weljje on ure god,
siker he may,
•] h^^o hem nu senden.
For ]?och his welej^e him at-go,
is wid ne wen him newere fro.
Ne may he newir for-farin,
hwo him to fere haveth,
hwihs ]7at is lif
lesten may.

f })us quad Alfred :
gif ]7U havist sorwe,
ne say ]?u hit ]7in arege ;
seit ]?in sadilbowe,
^ nd\>e singende.
^anne sait ]>e mon
j^at ti wise ne can,
j^ad ]>e ]?ine wise
Avel ])e likit.
Sorege gif ]>\i havist,
•;] ten arege hit sed,
bi-foren he ]>e bimened,
bi-hindin he ]>e scarned.
])U hit mist seien swich mon,
]7ad it ]7e ful wel on.

Betere him by come
i-boren tliat he nere.

Thus queth Alvred :
Lusteth ye me, leode,
ower is the neode,
and ich eu wille lere
wit and wisdom
that alle thing over goth.
Syker he may sitte
the hyne haveth to i-vere ;
for theyh his eyhte him a-go,
his wit ne a-goth hym never rao.
For ne may he for-vare,
the hyne haveth to vere,
the wile his owe lyf.

i-leste mote.

Thus queth Alvred :
If thu havest seorewe,
ne seye thu hit noulit tlian arewe.
Seye hit thine sadel-bowe,
and ryd the singinde forth ;
thenne wele wene,
thet thine wise ne con,
that tlie thine wise wel lyke.
serewe if thu havest,
and the erewe liit wot,
by-fore he tlie moneth,
by-hynde he the teleth.
Tlm iiit mylit segge swyhcjnon,
that the ful wel on,

RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE. 177

swich mon J?u maist seien j^i sor,
he wolde Jjad ]7ii hevedest mor.
for-|7i hit in ]nn herte . . . one,
for-hele hit wid j^in arege,
let ]?u nevere ]7in arege witin
al per J^in herte }>enket.

H J)us quad Alfred :

Wis child is fadiris bhsse.

Gif it so bitidit

pQX ]7U chil weldest,

]>e wile ]?at hit is Util

]?u lere him monnis ]?ewis;

}?anne hit is woxin,

he sal wenne J^erto ;

J?anne sal J^e child

}>as J;e bet worj^en.

Ac gif J>u les him welden

al his owene wille,

J>anne he comit to helde,

sore it sal him rewen ;

-} he sal banne J>at widt

Jjat him first tagte.

Jjanne sal J^i child

J>i forbod over-gangin.

Beter J>e J»ere child

J»at J7U ne havedest ;

for betere is chiki unboren,

J^enne unbeten.

1F })us quad Alfred :
Drunken ~^ undrunkin
ejjer is wisdome wel god,
J>arf no mon drinkin J^e lasse
}>an he be wid ale wis ;
ac he drinkit
j desiet J?ere a morge,
so J?at he for-drunken
desiende werchet.
He sal hgen long a nicht,
htil sal he sclepen ;
him sugh sorege to,

wyth-ute echere ore, that the eft ne smeorte ;

he on the muchele more ; ne let thu hyne wite,

by-liud hit on thire heorte, al that thine heorte by-\vite.

178

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

so de-S |7e salit on fles
suket ]7uru is liche,
so dot liche blod ;
"3 his morge sclep
sal benumchilestin,
werse ]?e swo on even
yvele haved y-dronken.

1F ])us quad Alfred ;
Ne sal ];u ]>i wif
bi hire wlite chesen,
ne for non athte to ]7ine bury
bringen her, ]?u hire costes cuj^e ;
for moni mon fer athte
ivele i-hasted,
•^ ofte mon on faire
fokel chesed.
Wo is him ]7at ivel wif
brinhit to is cot-Uf ;
so his ohve,
J>ai ivele wived,
for he sal him often
dreri maken.

f ])us quad Alfred :

Wur]7U nevere swo wod,
ne sodrunken,
]7at evere sai ]>u. ]>i wif
al ]7at ]}i wille be.
For hif hue segen ]>e
biforen yme fomen alle,
■j pLi hire mit worde
wraged havedest.

Thus queth Alvred :
Ne schal tu nevere thi wif
by hire wlyte cheose ;
for never none thinge
that heo to the bryngeth.
Ac leorne hire custe,
heo cutheth hi wel sone.
For monymon for aylite
uvele i-auhteth ;
and ofte mon of fayre
frakele i-cheoseth.
Wo is him that uvel wif
bryngeth to his cotlyf ;
so him is a lytte,
that uvele y-wy veth ;
for he schal uppen eorthe

dreori i-wurthe.
Monymon singeth,
that wif hom bryngeth ;
wiste he hwat he brouhte,
wepen he myhte.

Thus queth Alvred :
Ne wurtli thu neverso wod,
ne so wyn drunke,
that evere scgge thine wife
alle thiiie wille.
For if thu i-seye the bi-vore
thine i-vo alle,
and thu hi myd worde
i-wreththed lievedest.

RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE. 179

he ne sold it leten
for l^inke livihinde,
}7at he ne solde j^e up-breidin
of Jjine bale sij^es.
Wimon is word wod,
■j havit tunke to swist,
l^ane he hire selve wel wolde,
ne mai he it nowit welden.

f ]jus quad Alvered :
wur]7U nevere so wod,
ne so desi of ]7i mod,
|?ad evere sige ]>{ frend
al ]7at ])e likit,
ne alle ]?e ]7onkes
]pat ]>\i ]70ch havist ;
lor ofte sibbie men
foken hem bituenen,
■3 ef it so bilimpit
lo..e ]7at ge wur]7en,
]7anne Avot p>i fend
]7ad her wiste ]7i frend.
Betere ]?e bicome
Yi Avord Avere helden,
lor ]7am ne mud mamelit
more ]7anne hit sold e ,
])anne sculen his heren
ef it i-heren.

ir })us quad Alvred :
Mani mon wenit
]7at he wenin ne ]7arf,
frend ]7ad he habbe,
]7er mon him faire bi-hait,
seiet him faire bi-foren,
fokel at henden.

So mon mai wel ]>e lengest helden,
giv ]7u nevere leven alle monnis spechen,
ne alle ]>e ]7inke
]>aX ]>\i herest sinken ;
for moni mon havit fikil mod,
•] he is monnecu^.

ne scholde heo hit lete Wymmon is word-woth,

for thing ly vyinde, and haveth tunge to swift ;

thatheonescholdetheforthup-breyde theyh heo wel wolde,

of thine baleu sythes. ne may heo hi nowiht welde.

180

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^

Ne saltu nevere knewen.
wanne he ]>e wole bipechen.

1f ])us quad Alvred :

Moni appel is wid-uten grene^

brit one leme,

3 bittere wid-innen.

So his moni wimmon

in hire faire bure,

schene under schete,

■;) |?ocke hie is in an stondes wile.

Swo is moni gadeling

godeUke on horse,

wlanc on werge,

■3 unwur)7 on Avike.

11 J)us quad Alvred :
Idilscipe ~j orgul prude,
]?at lerit gung wif
le]?ere ]>ewes,
-^ often to jjenchen
don |?at he ne scolde.
Gif he for-swuken,
swoti |?uere swo hie ne j^ochte,
ac ]?och hit is ivel to bewen
pat tertre ben ne wille ;
lor ofte mused ]>e catt
after the moder.

Wose lat is wif his maister wurj^en,
sal he never ben his wordes loverd ;
ac he sal him rere dreige,
■] moni tene selliche hawen :
selden sal he ben on sele.

TIius queth Alfred :
Idelschipe and over prute,
that lereth yong wif uvele thewes,
and ofte that wolde do,
that heo ne scholde,
thene untheu lihte,
leten heo myhte.
If heo ofte a swote
for-swunke were,
theyh hit is uvel to buwe
that beo vule treowe.
For ofte museth the kat
after hire moder.
The mon that let wymmon
his mayster i-wurlhe,
ne schal he never beon i-hurd

his wordes loverd ;

ac heo hine schal steorne

to-trayen and to-teone ;

and selde wurth he blythe and gled,

the mou that is his wives qued.

Mony appel is bryht with-ute,

and bitter with-inne ;

so is mony wymmon

on hyre fader bure,

schene under schete,

and theyh heo is schendful ;

so is mony gedelyng

godlyche on horse ;

and is theyh lutel wurth :

wlonk bi the glede,

and vivel at thare ncode.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQUjE. 181

U hus quad Alfreverd :
Gif ]>u frend bi-gete
mid ]n fre bigete,
loke ]7at |?u him ]>eme
mid alle ]?e uues ]?ines,
loke ])at he ]?e be mide
bi-foren ~} bi-hinden,
]>e bett he sal ]?e reden
at alle ^'ine neden.
•j on him ]>\i maist ];e tresten,
^if is troy]7e degh.
Ac gif ]7U havist a frend to day,
j to moreuin drivist him auei,
^enne bes ]7U one,
al so ]7U her were ;
•3 ]?anne is ]>i fe for-loren,
j \>i frend bo^^en.
betere ]>e bicome frend
J?at ])xi newedest.

U J)us quad Alfred :
hurch sage mon is wis,
'-} J^urrh se]]>e mon is gleu,
jjurch lesin mon is lo^,
■j ]>uruh ki]7ere wrenches unwur]>.
~^ hokede honden make ]>en mon
is hewit to lesen.
Ler ]?u ^'e never
over mukil to \e]>en ;
ac loke Jjine nexte,
he is ate nede god ;
-j frendchipe o Averlde
fairest to wurchen,
wid povere ~\ widriche,
wid alle men i-liche,
]?anne maist ]>\i sikerUche
seli sittin,
•3 faren over londe,
hwar so bet ]>i wille.

1f })us quad Alvred :
Gif ]?u havist duge,
j drichen ]>e senden,
ne ]>eng ]>n nevere ^i hf
to narruUche leden,
ne ]>ine faires

182

RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

to faste holden.

For A\'er hachte is hid,

]?er is armj^e i-noch ;

^ siker ich it te saige,

letet gif 'pe liket,

swich mon mai after lf>e yi god welden,

ofte binnen ]?ine burie

bli]7e wenden,

)?ad he ne wele heren

mid enn]7e monegen ;

ac evvere him of"]7inket,

]>en he ]>e ]7enked.

1F ])us quad Alvred ;
Vretu noth to svvij^e
Ipe word of ])ine wive ;
for ]7anne hue bed i-wuarjied (1)
mid wordes dpev mid dedes,
wimmon weped for mod
ofter ]>anne fro eni god,
■3 ofte lude ■;] stille
for to wurchen hire wille.
Hueweped oj^er wile,
pen hue ]>e wille biwilen.
Salamon hid hawit i-sait,
hue can moni yvel reid.
Hue ne mai hit non o]7ir don,
for wel herliche hue hit bi-gan.
])e mon ]7ad hire red folewi^,
he bringe]? him to seruge ;
for hit is said in lede,
cold red is quene red.
Hi ne sawe it nocht bi ]>an,
]?at god ]7ing is god wimmon ;
Jje mon j^ad michte hire cnoswen,
^ chesen hire from olpeie.

Thus queth Alfred :
Evre thu be thine lyve,
the word of thine wy ve
to swithe thu ne arede,
If heo beo i-wreththed
myd worde other myd dede,
wymmon wepeth for mod
oftere than for eny god ;
and ofte lude and stille
for to vordrye hire wille.
Heo wepeth other h^vile
for to do the gyle.
Salomon hit haveth i-sed,

that wymmon can wel uvelne red :

the hire red foleweth,

heo bryngelh hine to seorewe.

For hit seyth in the loth,

as scumes for-teoth ;

hit is i-furn i-seyd,

thet cold red is quene red ;

hu he is vulede

that foleweth hire rede.

Ich hit nc segge nouht for than

that god thing nys god wymmon,

tlie raon the hi may i-cheose,

and i-covere over othre.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

183

1f J)us quod Alfred :
Be |7U nevere to bold,
to cliiden agen oni scold,
ne mid mani tales
to chiden agen alle dwales.
Ne nevere ]7U bigiune
to tellin ncAve tidinges
at nevere nones monnis bord ;
ne hawe |7U to fele word.
pe wise mon mid fewe word
can fele biluken ;
•] sottis bold is sone i-scoten.

Thus queth Alvred ;
Monymon weneth,
that lie weny ne tharf,
freoncl that he habbe,
thar me him vayre bi-hat,
seyth him vayre bi-vore
aud frakele bi-hynde ;
so me may thane lothe
lengust lede.

Ne i-lef thu never thane mon,
that is of feole speche ;
ne alle the thinge
that thu i-herest singe.
Mony mon haveth swikehie muth,
milde and monne for-cuth ;
nole he the cuthe,
hwenne he the wule bi-kache.

Thus queth Alvred :
Thurh sawe mon is wis,
and thurh his elthe mon is gleu ;
thurh lesinge mon is loth,
and thurh luthre wrenches and un-

wurth ;
and thurh hokede honde that he

bereth,
him seolve he for-vareth.
From lesynge thu the wune,
and alleunthewesthu thebi-schune;
so myht thu on theode
leof beon in alle leode.
And hive thyne nexte,
he is at the neode god ;
at chepynge and at chyreche,
freond thu Ihe i-wurche,
wyth povere and with riche,
with alle monne i-lyche ;
thanne myht thu sikerliche
sely sytte,

and ek faren over lond,
be hwider so bcolh thi wille.

Thus queth Alvred :
AUe world ayhte
shulle bi-cumen to nouhte,
and uyches cunnes madmes
to mixe schulen i-muUen,
and ure owe lif
lutel hwile i-Ieste.
For theyh o mon wolde
al the worlde,
and al the wunne
the thar inne wunyeth,
ne myhte he thar myde his lif
none hwile holde.
Ac al he schal for-leten
on a litel stunde ;
and schal ure blisse
to balewe us i-wurthe,
bute if we wurcheth
wyllen Cristes.

Nu bithenche we thanne us selve,
ure lif to leden,
so Crist us gynneth lere ;
thanne mawe we wenen
that he wule us wrlhie.
For so seyde Salomon the wise,
the mon that her wel deth,
he oumeth thar he lyen foth
on his lyves ende,
he hit schal a-vynde.

Thus queth Alvred :
Ne gabbe thu, ne schotte,
ne chid thu wyth none sotte ;
ne myd manyes cunnes tales
ne chid thu with nenne dwales j
ne never thu ne bigynne
to telle thine tythinges
at nones rrfmaunes borde,
ne have thu to vale worde.
jMid fiwe worde wismon
fele biluken wel con ;
and sottes bolt is sone i-scohte ;

184 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU.E.

For-]?i ich telle him for a dote,
]>ad sait al is y-wille,
]7anne he sulde ben stille :
lor ofte tunke brekit bon,
^ navid hire selvve non.

U ))us quad Alvred :
Elde cumid to tune,
mid fele unkej^e costes ;
"3 do]>e ]?e man to helden,
j^at him selwe ne mai he him noch welden.
Hit makit him wel unmeke,
•;} binimit him is miste.
3if it swo bitided,
]>at ]?u her so longe abidist,
■j ]7U in ]pine held werldes
Avel];e weklest,
]>i du^e]?^ giv ]>u delen

Inne dere frend,
nvile ]7ine dages dugen,
'j ]?u ]>e selwen live mowe.
Have ]?u none leve
to ]>e ]7ad after Ipe bileved,
to sone ne to douter,
ne to none of ]>ine foster.
For fewe frend we sculen finden,
]>anne we henne funden :
for he ]?at is ute bi-loken,
he is inne sone for-geten.

1[ Thus quad Alvred :
Gif ];u i ]7in helde best

for-thi ich liolde hine for dote
that sayth al his wille,
thanne he scholde beon stille :
for ofte tunge breketh bon,
theyh heo seolf nabbe non.

Thus quelh Alvered :
Wis child is fader blisse.
If hitso bi-tydeth
that thu bern i-bidest,
the hwile hit is kitel
ler him mon thewes ;
thanne hit is wexynde
hit sclial wende tliar to,
the betere hit sclial i-wurthe
ever buven eorthe.
Ac if thu liim lest welde,
werende on worlde,
lude and stille,

his owene wille ;

hwanne cumeth ealde,

ne mylit thu hyne a-welde,

thanne deth hit sone

that the bith un-y-queme ;

ofer-howeth thin i-bod,

and maketh the ofte sory mod.

Betere the were

i-boren that he nere ;

for betere is child unbore,

thane unbuhsum.

The moji the spareth yeorde,

and yonge childe ;

and let hit arulye,

that he hit areche ne may ;

that him schal on ealde

sore reowe. Amen.

Expliciunt dicta regis Alorcdi.

RELIQUI.^ ANTIQUiE. 185

wel]?es bi-delid,

•j ]?u ne cunne ]?e leden

mid none cunnes listis,

ne J7U ne moge mid strenghe

}?e selwen steren,

j^anne j^anke j^i loverd

of alle is love,

■j of alle Jjine owene live,

■j of ]?e dagis licht,

■j of alle mur])G

}7ad he for mon makede.

•;j hweder so ]>u hwende^:,

sei }7U aten ende,

wr]?e }?ad i-wur]7e,

i-wur];e Godes wille.

ir ])us quad Alvred :
werldes wel]7e
to wurmes scal wur}>ion,
^ alle cunne madmes
to nocht sulen melten,
^ Ijfuve lif sal lutel lasten.
For })U mon vreldest
al }>is middellert,
•3 alle ]?e wel]>e
\>a.d }>e inne wonit,
ne nust \>u. ]>i lif lengen
none wile,

bote al }7U it salt leten
one lutele stunde,
^ al ]n blisse
to bale sal i-wur]?en,
bote }>if }>u wurche
Aville to Criste.

For bi}>eng }>e we mus us sehven
to leden ure lif,
so God us ginnid leten,
}>enne muge we wenen
}7ad he us wile wur]?en.
For SAVo saide Salomon,
]fe wise Salomon :
wis is }?ad Avel do}>
hwile he is in }?is werld,
hoy evere at }>en ende
he comid ]>ct he hit findit.

186 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

ir J)us quad Alvred :
Sone min swo leve,
site me nu bisides,
■;j hich ]>e wile sagen
so]?e ]7ewes.

Sone min, ich fala* (sic)
])ad min hert falewidj>,
"3 min wlite is wan,
■j min herte ^\'oc,
mine dagis arren nei done,
■j we sulen unc to delen ;
wenden ich me sal
to ]?is o]7ir werlde,
;3 ]?u sait bileven,
in alle mine \\"el]?e.
Sone min, ich ]?e bidde,
]7U ard mi barin dere,
];ad ]>u yi folck be fader,
j for loverd ;
fader be ];u wid child,
■3 be ])n wudewis frend,
]?e arme gume ]7U froveren,
•j ]>e woke gume ]?u coveren,
];e wrouke givve ]>u ristin
mid alle ]>ine mistin ;
^ let the sune mid lawe,
j lowien \>e sulen Dri^ten,
'^ ower alle o]?ir ]?inke
God be ]?e ful minde,
3 bide ]?ad he ];e rede
at alle Ynie dedis.
])e bet sal ]7e filsten
to don al yme wille.

H ])us quad Alvred :
Sone min so dere,
do so ich ]>e lere ;
be ]7U wis on ])i word,
j war o ]>ine speche,
]?enne sulen ]?e lowien
leden alle.

he gunge mon do ])\x lawe,
]>ad helde lat is lond hau-en.
Drunken mon ])if ]>\.i mestes,
in weis o]?er in stretes,
]7U gef him ]>e Aveie reme
•j let him ford gliden.

RELIQTJI.E ANTIQU.E. 187

Jjenne mist ]?u J^i lond

mit frendchipe helden.

Sone, ]7U best bus ]>e fot

of bismare word,

;3 bet him siwen ]7er mide,

J>ad him givve to smerten.

-j baren, ich jje bidde,

}?if ]>u on benche sitthest,

j ]>\i ]?en beuir hore sixst

^e bi-foren stonden,

buch ]>e from pi sete,

~] bide him sone J^er to,

J^anne welle he sa^\in

sone one his worde,

wel wor]?e ]>e wid,

J?ad ]>e first taite.

Sete J^anne seij?in

besiden him selven,

for of him J7U mist leren

listes ~} fele J^eues,

J?e baldure J>u mistben;

for lere J?u his reides,

for the heldermon me mai of riden,

betere J^enne of reden.

T ]jus quad Alvred :
Sone min so dere,
ches J7U nevere to fere
J^en luj^ere lusninde mon,
for he J7e will wrake don.
From J7e wode J7U micht te faren
wid wilis, ■;] wid armes ;
ac J7anne ]>u. hid lest wenest,
J7U luj^ere J>e biswiket.
Jje bicche bitit ille,
J)an he berke stille.
So deit J7e lusninde luj^ere mon,
ofte J7en he darit don,
]7an ne be ■wij^uten stille,
he bit wij^inin hille,
^ al he bi-fulit his frend,
^en he him unfoldit.

H J)us quad Alvred :
Lewe sone dere,
ne ches J7U nevere to fere
J7en hokerfule lese mon,
lor he J7e wole gile don ;

188

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

he wole'stelin j^in haite ^ keren,

•;) listeliche on-suerren ;

so longer he nole be bi,

he nole brinhin on 3 tuenti

to nout, for so]7e ich tellit ]7e :

^ oper he wole Yipen ^ hokerful ben,

puru hoker ^ lesing 'pe aloj^ed

alle men j^at hen y-cnowed.

Ac min j^e to ]>e astable mon,

]?at word ■;] dede bi-sette con,

■;] multeplien heure god,

a sug fere J^e his help in mod,

ir ])us quad Alvred :

Leve sone dere,

ne ches |7U nevere to fere

littele mon, ne long, ne red,

];if ]»u wld don after mi red.
1[ ])e luttele mon he his so rei,

ne mai non him wonin nei ;

so word he wole him selven teir,

]?at his lovird maister he wolde beir ;

bute he mote himselven pruden,

he wole maken fule luden ;

he wole grennen, cocken, ■;] chiden,

■;] hewere faren mid unluden,

pif ]>u me wld i-leven,

ne mai me never him quemen.
H Jje lonke monis \elf>e bei,

selde comid is herte rei ;

he havit stoni herte,

no ]7ing him ne smerte]; ;

bi ford dages he is aferd,

of sticke ^ ston in huge werd.

})if he fallit in ]?e fen,

he ]7ewit ut after men ;

}>if he slit in to a dige,

he is ded witerliche.
1f Ipe rede mon he is a quet ;

for he wole ])e ]7in uvil red ;

he is cocker, ]7ef, ■^ horeling,

scolde, of wrechedome he is king,

Hic ne sige nout bi }>an,

]7at moni ne ben gentile man ;

]>uru ]7is lore ^ genteleri,

he amendit huge companie,

IJrL

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 189

A POEM ON BLOOD-LETTING.

Froni a 12mo. Aolume of the end of the 14th century, in the possession of
C. W. Loscombe, Esq.

Maystris that uthyth blode letyng,

And therwyth giteth ^owr levyng,

Here je may lere Avysdom ful gode,

In what place ^e schulle let blode

In man, woman, and in childe,

For evelys that ben wyk and wilde.

Weynis ther ben .xxx.*^ and tAvo

That on a man mot ben undo ;

.xvj. in the heved ful ri^t,

And .xvj. beneth in 30W i-py^t.

In what place thay schal be founde,

I schal 30W telle in a stounde.

Besydis the ere ther ben two,

That on a man mot ben undo

To kepe hjs heved fro evyl turnyng,

And fro the scalle, wythout lesyng.

Two at the templys thay mot blede

For stoppynge of kynde, as I rede.

And on is in the mydde for-hevede,

For lepre sausfleme mot blede.

Abowe the nose thare is on,

For fuethynge mot be undon ;

And also whan eyhen ben sore,

And for resyng gout everemore.

Two they ben at the eyhen ende,

Whan they beth bleryt for to amende,

And for that cometh of smokynge,

I wol tel yow no iesynge,

At the holle of the ^rot ther ben two,

That for lepre and streyt breyt mot be undo.

In the lyppys .iiij. ther ben gode to bledene,

As I yow telle now bydene

Two by the eyhen abowen also,

I telle yow there ben two

For sor of tho mowthe to blede,

What hyt is I fynde as I rede.

Two under the tongue wythout lese

Mot blede for the squynase ;

And whan the townge is akyng e

Throjt eny maner swollynge.

NoAV I hawe tole of .xvj.

190 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

That longetli to the heved, I weyii ;
Of as many I schal yow say,
That hel were bet, in fay.

In every harme ther ben fywe

Gode to blede to man and wyve.

Sephelica is that on i-wys,

The heved weyn i-clepyt is,

That body apleyt and the heved,

He clansyt fro that iile weyd.

In the by^t of the harine also

Ano^yr hys that mot be undo,

Baselyca hys name is,

Leythe he sety t thare i-wys ;

Forsothe he clansyt the lyvere aryt,

And alle the membrys benethe astreyt.

The medyl weyn betuen ham two

The coral is cleppyt also ;

That veyn clansit wythoute doute

Abowe, beynthe, within and without.

Fro basylica, that I of tolde,

A branche veyn spryngeth up ful bolde ;

To the thowme goth that on branche,

The cardiacle he wol stanche ;

That other branche ful ry^t goyt

To the lytil fyngere, without anoyt,

Hyt is a weyn of noble fame,

Salva tell . . . * is hys name,

There is no veyne that clansyt so clene

Stoppynge of ly ver ne of splene.

Bynethe the knokelys of the fete

Wyth two weynis thow my^t mete,

Wythin settyt domestica,

Wythoute settyt salvatica ;

Domistica clanseth ful welle

The blader within every delle,

Salvatica withoute dowte

Clenseth ful wel for the goute.

A woman schal in the harme blede

For stoppyng of hure flowrys at nede ;

A man schal blede ther also

The emeraudis for to undo ;

Thys veynis ^yf thu use as I yow say,

The fever quarteyn thu schal do away.

* A letter or two seem to be erased after tcll, tliough I am iiot sure that
there is anv omission.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 191

Al the veynis that I have tolde,
Thay clanseth bothe ^onge and olde ;
3yf thow thys use at thi nede,
Of the evelys dar 36 no^t drede,
So that oure Lorde be helpyng,
That al hath in governyng.
ExpUcit ars Jleohotimandi secundum Camhridge et Oxon.

Hllll

JOHN ARDERNE'S ACCOUNT OF HIMSELF.

From the English treatise de Fistulain Ano, in MS. Sloan. 563, fol. 124,
r". of the fifteenth century. This is one of the best manuscripts of the
English version, and I am indebted for the choice of it to the politeness of
one of the keepers of the Manuscripts in the British Museum, wlio also in-
formed me that, upon coUation of a great number of manuscripts, he had
found that tliis tract is only a portion of a larger treatise.

Johan Arderne fro the first pestelence that was in the yere
of our Lord 1349, duelled in Newerke in Notinghamschire
unto the yere of our Lord 1370, and ther I helid inany men
oifistula in ano ; of which the first was Sir Adam Everyng-
ham of Laxton in the Clay byside Tukkesford, whiche Sir
Adam for sothe was in Gascone v,\\\\ Sir Henry that tyme
named herle of Derby, and after was made Duke of Lancastre,
a noble and worthy lord. The forsaid Sir Adam forsoth suifer-
endi fistidam in ano, made for to aske counsell at all the lechez
and corurgienz that he myghte fynd in Gascone, at Burdeux,
at Briggerac, Tolows, and Neyybon, and Peyters, and many
other placez, and all forsoke hym for uncurable ; whiche y-se
and y-herde, the forsaid Adam hastied for to torne home to his
contree, and when he come home he did of al his knyghtly
clothings, and cladde mournyng clothes in purpose of aby-
dyng dissolvyng or lesyng of his body beyng ny^ to hym.
At the last I forsaid Johan Arderne y-so^t, and covenant
y-made, come to hym and did my cure to hym, and, our Lorde
beyng mene, I heled hym porfitely within halfe a yere, and
afterward hole aud sound he ledde a glad life 30 yere and more
For whiche cure I gate myche honour and lovyng thur^ all
Ynglond ; and the forsaid Duke ol Lancastre and many other
gentilez wondred therof. Afterward I cured Hiigoii Derlyng
of Fowick of Bahie by Snaythe. After\^ard 1 cared Johan
Schefeld of Rightwell aside Tekill. Afterward I cured Sir
Raynaid Grey lord of Wilton in Walcz, and lord of Schirlond
bvside Chesterfelde, Avhiche asked consel at tlie moste faiiiose

k

192 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E,

lechez of Yngiond, and none availed hvm. Afterward I cured
Sir Henry Blakborne clerk, Tresorere of the lord Prince of
Walez. Afterward I cured Adam Oumfray of Schelford by-
side Notyngham, and Sir Johan prest of the same toune, And
Johan of Holle of Schirlande, and Sir Thomas Hamelden per-
sone of Langare in the vale of Benare. Afterward I heled
Sir Johan Mascy persone of Stopporte in Chestreschire. After-
ward I cured frere Thomas Gunny, custode of the Frere ^ly-
nours of 3orke. Afterward in the yere of our Lord 1370, I
come to London and ther I cured Johan Colyn maire of Xorth-
ampton, that asked consel at many lechez. Afterward I
heled or cured Hew Denny, fischmanger of London, in Bryg-
gestrete, and WilHam Polle, and Raufe Dowble, and one that
was called Thomas Browne, thathad 15 holez by whiche went
oute wynde with egestiouz ordour, that is to sey 8 holez of the
to party of the ersse, and 7 on tha tother syde, of ' whiche
some holez was distaunte fro the towel by the space of the
hand-brede of a manne, so that bothe his buttokz was so ulcer-
ate and putrefied within that the quiter and fiUhe went oute
iche day als myche as ane egg schel mijt take. Afterward
I cured 4 frerez prechours, that is to sey, frere Johan Writ-
tell, frere Johan Haket, frere Petre Browne, frere Thomas
Apperley, and a yong man called Thomas Voke, of whiche
forseid somme had only one holy distaunte fro the towell
by one ynche, or by tuo, or by thre, and other had 4 or 5
liolez procedyng to the codde of the testiclez, And many
other maners, of which the tellyng war ful hard. AU these
forseid cured I afore the makyng of this boke, our Lord
Jhesu y-bhssed ! God knoweth that I lye no^t, and therfor
no man dout of this, thof al olde famour men and full clere in
studie have confesscd tham that thay fand nojt the way of cu-
racion in this case, For God, that is deler or rewarder of wis-
dome, hathe hit many things fro wyse men and shje, whiche he
vouchsafe afteruard for to schew to symple men, Therfor al
men that ar to come afterward, witte thai that olde maisterez
war nojt bisie ne pertinacez in sekyng and serchyng of this
forsaide cure. Butt for they my^t no^t take the hardnes of it
at the first frount, thai kest it utterly byhind thai bak ; of
whiche for soth som demed it holy for to be incurable, other ap-
plied doutful opynyons, Therfor, for als myche in harde
things it spedetii to studiers for to preserve and abide, and for
to turne subtily thair wittez, for it is opned not to tham that ar
passand, bot to tham that ar perseverand. Therfor to the honour
of God Ahnighty that hath opned witte to me that y schukl
fynde tresour liidde in the felde of studiers, that long tyme and
pantyngbroste I have swette and travailed full bisily and per-

RELIQUI.i: ANTIQU.E. 193

tincely in dinamidiis. As mj faculte sufficeth witlioute faire
spekyng of endityng, I have brojt for to schew it openh^ tham
that cometh after, oure Lord beyng me inthis boke, no^t that I
schew myselfe more worthi of lonyng of siche a gifte than other,
but that I greve no^t God, and for the dragme that he hathe
gifFen to me that I be nojt constryned for treson. Therfor I
pray that the grace of the holy go>t be to the ^verke, that he
vouchsafe for to spede it, that tho thinges which in wirkyng
trewly I am ofte tymes e.xperte I may plenerly explane tham
in this litel boke.*

HllU.

* Mr. Hunter tells me tbat this treatise by Arderne is printed at the end
of a translatiou of a medical treatise of Arceus, 4to. London 1588. On
reference I tind that tliat edition is much abridsied from the orjo-inal.

THE PROVERBS OF HENDING.

.Vnother copy of the poem which we have printed under this title at p. 109
of the preseut volunie occursin MS. Gg. 1. 1, fol. 475, v", Bib. Publ. Cantab.
of tlie reign of Ed. 11. It commeuces as follows —

Ici commence le livre de Hending.

Jhesu Crist al folkis rede,
That for us alle tholed dede

Apon the rode tre,
Lern us alle to be wise,
And to hendi in Godis servise !

Amen, par charite !
Wel is him that wel ende mai,

Quod Hending.

Ne mai no man that is in londe,
For nothing that he mai fonde,

Wonin at home and spede,
So fele thewis for to lerne,
So he that had i-sowt yerne

Aventure'^ in fele dede.
Also fele dedis also fele thewis,

Quod Hending.

Ne be thi childe nevir so dcre,
And he wil nul thewis lere,

Bete hini othir wele ;
z

1*«^4 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

Thef thou letist him havin his wille,
Wiltoii nilto\v he wil spille

And becomin a file.
Sothe childe behovid lore, and leve childe
som del more,

Quod Hending.

Soche lore as man vil lerne,
And nim hit into herte verne

Man in his youthe,
Hi sul him and elde Iblow,
Both avene and eke a-morw

To be him wel cowthe.
He is i-blessid o so Goddis mowthe, that god
craft lernit in is thougthe,

Quod Hending.
&c. &c. &c.

HlllL

FRAGMEXT OF A FOEM OX THE VIRTUES
OF HERBS.

From a MS. on vellura of the fourteenth century, now in the possession of
C. W. Loscombe, Esq.

To God that is owre best leche

Owre hele holy we be-teche,

And to that mayden mylde Marie,

Modur ful of mercve.

Gode vertu I sende yow hasshe,

In worde, in ston, and in gra>;she ;

No Avondur that man fallyt therto

In tryst to keverit be of wo.

Bothe Ypocras and Galiene,

Platiari and Constanciene,

Macer, Plimie, and other moo,

Gode recorde berreth therto,

That herbes helpeth man to leche.

Of on the best schale be owre speche

That evere was fonde in boke of kynde ;

Man, at nede hawe it in mynde.

This herbe is callit rosemarine,

Of vertu that is gode and fyne :

RELlQUliE ANTIQ.UiE. 195

Bot alle the vertues telle I ne cane,
No I trawe no erthely raan.
Now summe of ham wylle I telle,
An 36 wyl a stowne dwelle,
As I in boke writen tbnde
Ofdoctowrus of dy verse londe,
That everiche telles in hys degree
As he hath preved in liys contree ;
And ^et is preved every ^ere,
To help mane in hys mystere.
Alle that ever I preved have
Ben fowden sothe, so God me save!
An so sayen other that worche hit can,
That hele liyt ^eves to manv man.

Bot sly wynge and the rote of rosmaryne
Man may set welle and fyne
Betwene Aprile and the May,
In neetis fen and of the way ;
And also befor the Mychaehuasse
The same to set leve thu hasse ;
Wyth horse fenne thu hellyt welle,
That colde grewe hyt never a delle.
Alle so in Aprile do the seede,
Ther blak erthe may hyt fede.
The blake forst, the northeren wynde,
To thys herbe beth unkynde.
Heile hyt wel wyth alle thy mayn,
And kep fro colde, that hyt be no^t sleyn.
Hyt wylle the help when hyt spronge,
Therfor thi tra\\alle theynk no^t longe.
Hyt hotte is in the secunde degree,
Drye in the thredde, sayt Platearee.
The fyst virtu is gode and fyne
Ofthe gloriowse rosmaryne;
Alle colde eweles help hyt may
Wythin the body, who can asay ;
Bot fryst the body most purget ben
Wyth jorepygra Galyen,
Other wyth summe gode purgacion
That is of hot complexion.
The flowre is of a gode lose,
That men calleth auteose.
The flowres boylc in water clere,
Drynk erly and last after sopere,
Hyt schal the clanse and kepe with M-ynne
Of all hot eweles thi body wythinne.

196 RELIQUl^ ANTIQU^.

Alle so seeth hytin wyt wyne,
And wesshe thi wysage wel therinne,
Hyt schal make the hole and clere,
Fayre and rody bothe i-fere.

Take poudyr of that same flowre,
And bere wyth the in everi howre,
And thu shalt be mery and lythe,
Graciowse and i-loved in al sythe.

Of rosemarjaii is grcne tree,
Berne a col and bere wyth the,
And lappe hy t in a lennyn clothe ;
Tho^t hit grewe, be thu no^t wrothe ;
Rubbe thi tethe therwyth at nede,
And thu shalt have wel gode spede.
For al wormes hyt wol slee,
And make wenym away to flee,

3yff thow hawe colde in thi hede
Throwth kowthe and poose that the dos lede,
Loke the barke, and therof brenne,
And finny thi visage wel therinne,
The smoke thu fowge at mowthe and noese,
Hyt wille the help of the poose,

Seeth the rote in vynacre of wyne,
And lette a theef wesshe his fete thereinne,
He no schal that tydc have my^t ne strenthe
No harme to do on brede ne lengthe,
r^o man robbe ne no thyng stelle ;
No man dare drede with him to dele.

The flowrys fastynge with ry brede,
Or other, ete, hit is my rede ;
Wyth hony meynge hyt wel to hepe,
Fro fallyng ewyl hit schal the kepe.

Also lay flowris on thy bedde ;
Thu schalt be i-helpit, I dare the wedde,
Fro drecchynge and fro ferdful swevenys,
Bothe by dayes and on evenys.

Moche of this herbe to seeth thu take
In water, and a bathe thovv make ;
Hyt schal the make ly^t and joly,
And also lykyng and jowuly.

Of thys herbe telles Gahene,
That in hys contree was a quene,
Gowtus and croket as he hath tolde,
And eke sexty ^ere olde ;
Sor and febyl, where men hyr sey,
Scho seiuyth \\e\ for lo dey ;

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU.E. 197

Of rosmaryn scho toke ?ex poude,
And groAA^nde hyt wel in a stownde,
And bathed hir threyes everi day,
Nyne mowthes, as I herde say,
And afterwarde anoyntte wel hyr hede
Wyth gode bame, as I rede ;
Away fel alle that olde flesshe,
And 30wge i-sprong tender and nesshe ;
So fresshe to be scho then bigan,
Scho coveytede couplede be to man,
Yov '* * * * *

[A few leaves of the MS. missing.]

Wrl.

MAN HIS OWN WOE.

From MS. Cotton. Caligula, A. II. fol. 106, v", of the fifteenth centiiry.

Mi/n oivene ico.

I may say, and so ma\^ mo,

I wyte mysylfe myne owene woo.

In my jowthe full wylde y was,

Myself that tyme kowthe I not knowe ;
I wolde have my wyll in every place,

And that hath browjte me now full lowe.
Thenke, Jhesu, I am thyn owne ;

For me Avere thy sythes bloe :
To chastyse me thou dydest hit, I trowe ;

I wyte myself myne owene avoo.

I made covienaunte trewe to be,

When y fyrste crystened was ;
I wente to the Avorlde, and turned fro the,

And folowede the fend and histrace.
Fro wrathe and envye wolde y not passe,

With covetyse y was baw^te also.
My flesh hadde his wyll, alas !

I wyte myself myne owene woo.

Now y wote I was full wylde,

For my wyll passed my wytce ;
I was full sturdy, and thou fuU mylde,

Lorde ! how I knowe well hvtte.

198 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^

Of thy blysse I were full qwytte,
3yf I hadde after that I have do ;

But to thy mercy I truste ^ytte,
And wyte myself myne owene woo.

Lorde ! I hadde no drede of the,

Thy grace wente away therfore ;
But, Lord ! syth thou knowest me,

Thow woldest not that I were forlore.
For me thou sufFrest paynes sore,

Thow art my frend, and I thy foo :
INIercy, Lorde ! I woll no more ;

I wyte myself myne owene woo.

Hy^e I was in herte and prowde,

And in clothynge wonther gay ;
1 lokede that men sholde to me lowte,

Wheresoever I wente, by ny^te or day.
To fayre ^^ymmen I toke gode aray,

Alle myne entente toke I therto ;
A^eyns thy techynge I sayde nay ;

I wyte myself myne owene woo.

I trustede more unto my good,

Thenne to Godde that hit me sente.
AVelthe made me fuU hy^e of mode,

Luste and lykynge me over-wente.
To gete good I wolde not stynte,

I ne row^te how I come therto ;
To the pore now^t I ^af ne lente ;

I wyte myself myne owene woo.

There ben thre pointes of myschef,

That be confusioun to mony a monne,
The whych worchen the sowle gref ;

I shail hem telle as I kanne.
Pore prowde that lytull have,

And Avolde be rayde as ryche menne go ;
3yf they do folye, and be tane,

They may wyte hemself here owen woo.

Ryche manne a thefe ys another,

That of covetyse woU not slake ;
What he with wronge begyle his brother,

Li blysse full sone shall be forsake.
Byfore God for thefte hit ys take,

All that with wronge he wynneth so;
But he the radure amendes make,

He shall Avvte hvmself his owene wo.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQUi. I99L'

Olde manne lechoure, that 3"S the thrydde;

For his complexcvoun wexeth colde,
Hit bnngeth the sowle payne amydde,

Hit stynketh on God mony a folde.
These thre that I haye of tolde,

Be plesyng to the fende oure fo ;
Hem to sesen he ys bohle,

He may wyte hymself his owene woo.

Mony defawtes God niay fvnde

In us that shulde his servantes be ;
He sheweth us love, we ben unkynde, "

Certes the more to blame be \ve.
Some staren brothe, and may hit not se,

By many a clerke hit fareth so ;
Ther the love of God woll not be,

They may wyte hemself here ouene wo.

In thre poynte I dare well sayne

God shold be worshepped in all thynge,
"With ry^tewesnesse, and mercy, ther be twayne,

The thrydde ys clennesse of Ivvynge.
To men that have holy cherche in kepvnge,

Hit ys his charge, and to lordes also ;
And for they do agayns Goddus byddyng,

They may wyte hemselfe hire owene wo.

Wronge ys sette ther ry^te shulde be ;

Mercy for manhode ys put away ;
Lechery hathe made clennes to fle ;

He dare not byde nv^t nor day.
Thus the fende, I dare well say,

Wolde make our frend our full fo ;
Manne ! amende the whyll thou may,

Or wyie thyselfe thyn owene wo.

It ys uo wonthur thow^ thou be wo,

Thyn owene wyll thou wylt seuwe ;
Thy lordes byddyng thou wylt not do ;

Thow art fals and untrewe.
Sythen he fyndeth the all thynge neAve,

And thou servest the fende and gost hym fro,
But thou aniende, hit shalle the rewe,

And wyte thyself thyne owen wo.

Mon, take hede what thou art,

But wormes mete, thou woste welle this ;
Wheune the erthe hathe take his parte,

200 RELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE.

Heven or helle tliou slialt have, i-wys.
3yf thou do wele, thou goste to blysse ;

33'f thou do evell, uuto thy fo.
Love thy Lorde God, and thyng on this,

Or wyte thyself thyne owen wo.

Now Jhesu Cryste, our Savyour,

From our fon thou us defende ;
In all our nede be our socour,

Ere that tyme we hennes wende.
And sendes grace here to ainende,

Hys blysse that Ave may come to ;
For to have so gode an ende,

That we mav amende our wo.

Hllll.

VARIOUS HEIGHTS OF MEN.

Froin MS. Lambeth, No. 306, fol. 177, i-o, b. of the reign of Edward IV.

The longitude of men folowyng .

Moyses xiij. fote andviij. ynches and half
Cryste vj. fote and iij. ynches.
Our Lady vj. fote and viij. ynches.
Crystoferus xvij. fote and viij. ynches.
Kyng Alysaunder iiij. fote and v. ynches.
Colbronde xvij. fote andij. ynches and half.
Syr Ey. x. fote iij. j^nches and half
Seynt Thomas of Caunturbery, vij. fote save a

ynche.
Long Mores, a man of Yrelonde borne, and ser-

vaunt to Kyng Edward the iiijth. vj. fote

and X. ynches and half

Hllll.

HYMN TO THE VIRGIN.

From MS. Harl. 4G.57, early in fourteenth century, written as prose

En Mai ki fet flurir les prez,
et puHulare gramina.

R.ELIQUI/E ANTIQUiE. 201

E cist oysels chauntent assez

jocunda modulamina,
Li amaunt ki aiment \ anitez

queerent sibi solamina,
Je met ver wus mes pensers,

o gloriosa domina.

En wus espair solaz truver,

propinatrix solaminum,
Ki sovent soliez alegger

gravatos mole criminum.
Surement poet il esperer

medicinam peccaminum,
Ki ducement voet reclamer

te lucis ante terminum.

Duce rose, sul saunz per,

virgo decora facie,
En ki se pount amirer

cives coelestis patriae,
En wus voet Deus esprover

vires suee potentiee,
Quant se forca de wus furmer,

splendor paternee glorise.

Taunt de bunte en wus assist,

et tanta speciositas,
Ke a pain mendif remist

neque prodigalitas.
Mes quant si grant enpres pris

illius liberalitas,
De wus coe crai le consail prist,

0 lux beata trinitas.

Dame, sur tutes le pris avez,

et gaudes privilegio,
De honur, valu, e buntez,

et heec requirit ratio ;
Quant cil ki pur nus aruse

cruore fuit proprio,
De wus nasqui, li desire,

Jhesu nostra redemptio.

Mere, pur la duzur

Jhesu dilecti fihi,
Ki nasqui quit par vertu

ab omni labe vitii,

2a

202 RELIQUI-E ANTIQU^.

Defens nus seez e escu

contra fulmen judicii,

Par Avus nus mist en salu

summi largitor prsemii.

Wrt.

A BALLAD.

From MS. Ff. I. 6. Bib. Publ. Cantab. of fifteenth cent.

Up son and mery wethir, somer drawith nere.

Somtyme y lovid, so do y yit
In stedfast wyse and not to flit,
But in danger my love was knyt,

A pitous thyng to here.

For when y offerid my service,
I to obbey in humble Avyse,
As ferfevth as y coude devise

Iii countenaunce and chere.

Grete payne for nought y dide endure,
Al for that Avyckid creature,
He and no mo y you ensure

Overthrew al my matere.

But now y thancke of his sand,
I am escapid from his band,
And fre to pas by se and land,

And sure fro yere to yere.

Now may y ete, drynke, and play,
Walke up and doune fro day to day,
And herkyn what this lovers say,

And laugh at ther manere.

When y shal slepe, y have good rest ;
Somtynie y had not alther best,
But ar that y cam to this fest,

Y bought hit al to dere.

Al that affray ys clene agoo,
Not only that but many mo ;
And sfth I am escapid so,

I thencke to hold me here.

RELIQUI.^ ANTIQU^. 203

But al the crue that suffren smert,
I wold thay sped lyke your desert,
That thay myght synge ^ith mery hert

This song withouten fere,

HlllL

A CHRISTMAS CARROL.

From MS. li. iv. 11. in the Cambridge Public Library, of the fifteenth
century, fol. penult. v".

Puer nohis natus est de Virgine Maria.

Lystenyt, lordyngs, more and lees,
I bryng yow tydynd of gladnes,
As Gabriel beryt wytnes ;

dicam vohis quia.

I bryng yow tydynges that [arn] fwul gowde ;
Now es borne a blyesful fowde,
That bowt us alle upon the rode

sua morte pia.

For the trespas of Adam,
Fro ys fader Jhesu ho cam,
Here in herthe howre kende he nani,
sua mente pia.

Mayde moder, swete virgine,
Was godnys may no man divine,
Sche bare a schild wyt wot pyne,
teste prqfecia.

Mari moder, that ys so fre,
Wyt herte mylde y pray to the,
Fro the fend thou kepe me

tita prece pia.

HlllL

FOOD FOR NIGHTINGALES.

From a MS. in Lambeth Palace Library, No. 306, fol. 177, r». wTitten in the
reign of Edward the Fourth.

Dyete for a Nyghtyngale.

Fyrst take and geve hym yelow antes, otherwyse called
pysmerys, as nere as ye may, and the white ante or pysmers

204 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

egges be best bothe wynter and somer, ij . tyraes of the day an
handful of bothe. Also geve hym of these sowes that crepe
with many fete, and falle oute of howce rovys. Also geve hym
whyte wormes that breede betwene the barke and the tre.

HlUl

FABLE OF THE WOLF AND THE
COUNTRY-WOMAN.

From MS. Dd. xi. 78, Bib. Publ. Cantab. fol. 149, v». Of the reign of
Henry III. It is the same in substance as the first fable of Avienus.

Fabula de rustica et lupo.

Jurat anus flenli puero ni supprimat iram,

Esca lupo dabitur : stat lupus ante fores.
Sic anus una semel dat promissum minasque ;

Promissum sperat hic : timet ille minas.
Hic juramenti spem concipit, ille timorem ;

Hic spe fraudatur, ille timore silet.
Motus cunarem, vox matris, tedia flendi,

Sopit eum, mulcet sompnia, membra gravat.
Sic superata puer sompno dat lumina ; sic est

Hujus spes ejus evacuata metu.
Hic redit illusus : kipa conjux, " quis tibi," dixit,

" Defectus preedse] qua? tibi causa famis ?"
Cui lupus, " ilhisit fallax me fsemina jurans

Viscera visceribus pascere nostra suis."
Qui falli meruit, exemplo discat in isto

Fseminea) fidei non adhibere fidem.

Hllll

THE PATER NOSTER IN ANGLO-SAXON.

From MS. Cotton. Vitellius, A. xii. fol. 181, v", vrritten early in the twelfth

century.

Fader ure j^e giert on heofena, sy ];in nama ge-hagod, cume
J^in riche, sy ]nn willa on georSa swo savo on heofona, ure
deghwamlica hlaf gyf us to deg, ^ for-gyf us ure gyltas swo
swo Ave for-gyfa^S |?am ];e wiS us a-gylta^, ^ ne lede us on
costnunga, ac a-lys us of yfele. Amen, sy hit swo.

Wrt.

\

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 205

PROVERBS.

From MS. li. iii. 26, fol. ult. ro, in the Cambridge Fublic Library, of the
fifteenth century.

Whos conscience is combred and stondith nott clene,
Of anothir manis dedis the wursse woU he deme.

Deme nott my dedis, thogh thyne be noght ;

Say whate thow wilte, knowyst nott my thowght.

Deme the beste of every dowte,
Tyll the trowUi be tryed oiite.

A harde thynge hit is, y-wys,

To deme a thynge that unknowen is.

Aqueyntanse of lordschip wyll y noght,
For furste or laste dere hit woll be bowght.

Bmi.

A PROPHECY OF THE FALL OF REEVES
ABBEY.

Written in a hand of the sixteenth century, in MS. Cotton. Titus, D. xii.

Two men came riding over Hackney hay,
The one of a blacke horse, the other on a gray ;
The one unto the other did sa}-,
Loe yonder stood Reves, that faire abbay !

Henry Cawton, a monke, somtimes of Rexes Ahhay in Ycn^k-
shire, affirmed that he hacl often reacl this in a MS. helonging
to that ahhay, containing many prophesies, anclicas exiant there
hefore the time of the dissolution. Biit ichen he, or any afhis
fellowes, redde it, they tised to throwe the hook away in anger as
thinking it impossihle exer to come to passe. — S. B.

Hllll.

AN HONOUR TO LONDON.

From MS. Lansd. 762. fol. 7 vo, of the reign of Henry V.

London ! tho^^'e arte of townes a per se,
Soveragne of cities, most symbliest by sight,
Of high renowne, riches, and royahie,
Of lordis, barons, and many goodly knyght,

206 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU.*;.

Of most delectable lusty ladyes bright,
Of famous prelatis in habitis claricall,
Of marchawntis of substawnce aud myght ;
London ! thowe arte the flowre of cities all.

Gladdeth a man, thowe lusty Troynomond,
Citie that somtime cleped Avas Newe Troye,
In all this erth imperiall, as thowe stonde,
Princis of townys of plesure and of joye.
A richer resteth under no cristen roye,
For manly powre with craftis naturall,
Furmeth noon fairer syn the flode of Noe ;
London! thowe arte the flowre of cities all.

Jem of all joye, jasper of jocunditie,
Most myghtie carbuncle of vertue and valure,
Stronge Troy in vigure and treunytie,
Of royall cities rose and geraflour.
Empres oftownys exalted inhonour,
In beautie bering the trone imperiall,
Swete paradise precelling in plesure ;
London ! thowe arte the flowre of cities all.

Above all rivers thy river hath renowne,
Whose boriall stremys plesaunt and preclare
Under thy lusty wallys renneth a-downe,
Where many a swan swymeth ^^-ith Avynge fare.
Where many a barge doth roAve and sayle with are,
Where many a ship resteth with top royall.
O towne of townis patron ! and not compare !
London ! thowe arte the flowre of cities all.

Upon thy lusty bridge, with pillers white,
Been marchauntis full royall to beholde ;
Upon thy stretis goth many a semely knyght,
In velvet gownys and chaynys of gold.
By Julius Cesour thy towre founded ofolde,
Maye be the howce of Mars victoriall,
Whose artilery with tonge maye not be tolde.
London ! thowe arte the flowre of cities all.

Stronge be the walles abowte the stondis,
Wise be the people that Avithin the dwelles,
Fresshe is thy river, with his lusty strandis,
Blithe be thy chirches, wele sownyng are thy belles.
Rich be thy marchauntis in substaunce that excelles,
Faire be thy wives, right lovesom, white, and small,
Clere be thy virgyns, lusty under kellys.
London ! thowe arte the flowre of cities all.

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^, 207

Thy famous maire by sure governaunce,
With swerde of justize the ruleth prudently,
No lorde of Par^^s, Den^^s, or Floraunce,
In dignitie or honour goth hym nygh.
He is example right lodester and guy,
Principall patron and rose originall,
Above all maires as maister most worthy.
London ! thowe arte the flowre of cities all.

HlllL

FAITH AND REASON.

From MS. Harl. 541, fol. 207, vo, of the close of the fifteenth century.
Similar lines are printcd at p. 127 of the present volume.

Wytte hath wonder how reson telle can
That mayd is mother and God is man,
Oure noble sacrament yn thre thinges on.
In this leeve reson, beleve thou the wondre ;
There feith is lord, reson gothe undre.

Gregorius. Fides non habet meritum, ubi humana ratio
probet experimentum.

Hllll.

OLD ENGLISH PROVERBS.

From Harl. MS. 2.321 of the Sixteenth centuiy.

fol. 146. Neyther barrell better herring.

A large thonge of another mans hide.

The cat doth lovc the fishe, but she will not \\e\X her
foote.

That which the eye seeth not, the hart doth not rue.

Cast the beame out of thie owne eye, then thou
maiest see a mothe in another mans.

Need makes the old wife trott.

As long as I am riche reputed,
With solem vyce I am saluted;
But wealthe away once woorne,
Not one wyll say good morne.

208 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

fol. 147. When I lent I was a frend,

When I asked I ^vas unkinde.

A little in the morninge, nothing at noone,
And a light supper doth make to Uve longe.

Evill gotten, wors spent.

fol. 148. A fooles bolt is sone shott.

Riches are gotten with labor, holden with feare,
And lost with greyfe and excessive care.

When thou hast gathered all that thou may,
Thou shalt departe, and knowest not what day.

fol. 149. He hath need of a long spoone that eateth with the
Devill.

While the grasse growes the steede starves,

Put not in this world to much trust,
The riches whereof will turne to dust.

G. J. A.

A BESTIARY,

From MS. Arundel, No. 292, fol, 4, r^. (in the British Museum,) of the
earlier partof the thirteenth century. I have already communicated it to the
Altdeutsche Bldtter, vol. 2, Leipzig, 1837, a work which is in the hands of
few Englishmen. It has heen re-collated on the original MS. for the pre-
sent edition. This poem is a close translation of the Latin Physiologus of
Theobaldus or Thetbaldus. In the MS. it is written as prose.

Natura leonisj"-
"Se leun stant on hille,
and he man hunten here,
o-Ser -Surg his nese smel,
smake 'Sat he negge,
bi wilc weie so he wile
to dele ni"Ser wenden,
alle hise fet steppes
after him he fille^,
drage^ dust wi^ his stert
^er he steppe-S,
o^er dust o^er deu,
■Sat he ne cunne is finden,
drive-S dun to his den
•Sar he him bergen wille.
ija.

An o-Ser kinde he have^,

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 209

wanne he is i-kindled

stille li-S 'Se leun,

ne stire-S he nout of slepe

til "Se sunne haveS sinen

^ries him abuten,

^anne reise^S his fader him

mit te rem "Sat he make^.

iija-
■Se Sridde lage haveS -Se leun,
"Sanne he lie^ to slepen
sal he nevre luken
■Se lides of hise egen.

Significado prime nature.

Welle heg is tathil,

"Sat is heven riche,

ure Loverd is te leun,

■Se HveS ^er abuven ;

wu -So him likede

to ligten her on erSe,

migte nevre divel witen,

"Sog he be derne hunte,

hu he dun come,

ne wu he dennede him

in ^at defte meiden,

Marie bi name,

Se him bar to manne frame.

ij'^' et iij^-

^o ure drigten ded wa^,

and dolven, also his wille was,

in a ston stille he lai

til it kam -Se dridde dai,

his faderhim filstnede swo

Sat he ros fro dede So,

us to lif holden,

wakeS so his ^\"ille is,

so hirde for his folde ;

he is hirde, we ben sep ;

silden he us wille,

if we heren to his word

dat we ne gon nowor Aville,

Naiura aquile.

Ki^en i wille Se ernes kinde,
also ic ito boke rede, ^ —

wu he neweth his gu^hede,
2b

•210 RELIQUI.« ANTIQUjE.

liu he turne^ ut of elde,
si^Sen hise limes arn unwelde,
si^en his bec is al to-wrong,
si"Sen his fligt is al unstrong,
and his egen dimme ;
here^ wu he newe^ him.
A Avelle he seke^ "Sat springeS ai
bo^Se bi nigt and bi dai,
^er over he flegeS, and up he te"S,
til 'Sat he 5e hevene se^S,
"Surg skies sexe and sevene
til hc cume^ to hevene ;
so rigt so he cunne
he hove^S in the sunne ;
•Se sunne swide^ al his fligt,
and oc it make^ his egen brigt,
hise fedres fallen for 'Se hete,
and he dun mide to the wete
falleS in -Sat welle grund,
^er he wurdeS heil and sund,
and cume^ ut al nevve,
ne were his bec untrewe.
His bec is get biforn wrong,
"Sog hise hmes senden strong,
ne maig he tilen him non fode
him self to none gode,
^anne geS he to a ston,
and he billeS ^er on,
bille^ til his bec biforn
have^ "Se wreng^e forloren,
si"Sen wi-S his rigte bile
.take^ mete ^at he wile.

Significacio.

Al is man so is tis ern,

wulde ge nu listlen,
old in hise sinnes dern,

or he bicumeth cristen ;
and tus he newe^S him "Sis man,

"Sanne he nime^ to kirke,
or he it bi^Senken can,

hise egen weren mirke ;
forsaket ^ore Satanas,

and ilk sinful dedc ;
take"S him to Jhesu Crist,

for he sal ben his mede ;

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU.E. 211

leve^ on ure love[r]d Crist,

and lere^ prestes lore ;
of hise egen wereS be mist,

wiles he dreccheS "Sore.
His hope is al to Gode-A^ard,

and of his hive he lere^S ;
^at is te sunne sikerhke,

•Sus his sigte he bere^ ;
naked falle^ in -Se funt fat,

and cume^ ut al newe,
buten a litel ; wat is tat ]

His mu-S is get untrewe ;
his mu-S is get wel unkuti

wi-g pater noster and crede ;
fare he nor^, er fare he su^,

leren he sal his nede ;
bidden bone to Gode,

and tus his mu'S rigten ;
tilen him so ^e sowles fode,

^urg grace off ure drigtin.

Natura serpentis.

An wirm ist o werlde,

wel man it knowe^S,

neddre is it te name :

■Sus he him neweS,

•Sanne he is for-broken andfor-broiden,

and in his elde al for-wurden.

Faste^ til his fel him slake"S,

ten daies fulle,

^at he is lene and mainles

and ivele mai gangen ;

he crepe^ cripelande for^,

his craft he ^us ki^e^,

seke^ a ston ^at a Sirl is on,

narwe buten he nede-S him,

nime-S unne^es ^urg,

for his fel he ^er leteS ;

his fles for-S crepe^,

walke^ to -Se water-ward,

wile -Sanne drinken.

Oc he spewe^ or al Se venim

iSat in his brest is bred

fro his birde time,

drinkeS siSen i-nog,

and tus he hini neweS.

212 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE

ija.

■Sanne ^e neddre is of his hid naked,

and bare of his brest atter,

if he naked man se

ne wile he him nogt neggen,

oc he fle^ fro him

als he fro fir sulde.

If he clo"Sed man se,

cof he ^\axe-5,

for up he rigte^ him

redi to deren,

to deren er to ded maken,

if he it muge for^en.

Wat if the man war wurS'%

and Averen him cunne,

figte^ wiS Sis wirm

and fre^ on him figtande ;

■Sis neddre si^Sen he nede sal,

make^S seld of his bodi,

and silde^ his heved ;

litel him is of hise limes,

but he lif holde.

[Signijicacio.']

Knov cristene man

Avat tu Crist higtest

atte kirke dure,

"Sar ^u cristned were :

■Su higtes to leven on him,

and hise lages luvien,

to helden wit herte

Se bodes of holi k(i)rke.

If ■Su havest it broken,

al -Su for-breSes,

for-wurSes and for-gelves,

eche Uf to Avolden,

elded art fro eche blis,

so Sis Avirm o werld is ;

newe ^Se fordi

so 'Se neddre doS ;

it is te ned.

Feste "Se of stedefastnesse,

and ful of ^ewes ;

and help 'Se povre men

Se gangen abuten.

Ne deme ■Se nog wurdi,

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 213

iSat tu dare loken

up to ^e heveue-ward ;

00 walke v,i^ Se erbe

mildelike among men ;

no mod -Su ne cuue,

mod ne mannes uncost ;

oc swic ef sineginge ;

and bote bid tu Se ai,

boSe bi night and bi dai,

•Sat tu milce mote haven

of ^ine misdedes.

•Sis lif bitokneS ^e sti

"Sat te neddre gange-S bi,

and tis is ^e ^irl of ^e ston

iSat tu salt $urg gon.

Let iSin fil^e fro ^e,

so ^e Avirm his fel doS ;

go -Su -San to Godes hus

^e godspel to heren,

"Sat is soule drink,

sinnes quenching.

Oc or sei ^u in scrifte

to 'Se prest sinnes tine ;

feg^e ^us of Si brest filde,

and feste ^e for^ward

fast at tin herte,

'Sat tu firmest higtes.

"Sus art tu ging and newe ;

for^Sward be ^u trewe.

Nedeth -Se "Se devel nogt,

for he ne mai ^e deren nogt;

oc he fle-S fro ^e

so neddre fro de nakede.

On -Se clo^ede -Se neddre is cof,

and te devel cliver on sinnes ;

ai 'Se sinfule

bisetten he wile,

and wi-S al mankin

he have-S niS and win ;

wat, if he leve have

of ure heven loverd

for to deren us,

so he ure eldere or dede ;

do we ^e bodi in -Se bale,

and bergen ^e soule,

^at is ure heved geveUc,

helde we it \N'urdlic.

214 RELIQUI.E AXT1QL\E.

Natura formice.

■Se mire is magti,

mikel ge swinke-5

in sumer and in softe weder,

so we ofte sen haven ;

in -Se hervest

hardilike gange^,

and renne§ rapelike,

and resteS hire seldum,

and feche^ hire fode

"Ser ge it mai finden,

gaddreb ilkines sed

bo-Sen of wude and of wed,

of corn and of gres,

Sat ire to haven es,

hale^ to hire hole,

■Sat siSen hire helpeS

^ar ge wile ben Avinter agen ;

cave ge have^ to crepen in,

■Sat winter hire ne derie ;

mete in hire hule Sat

Sat ge muge bihven.

^us ge tile^ ^ar,

wiles ge time haveiS,

so it her telle^S ;

oc finde ge Se wete,

corn ^at hire qweme^S,

al ge for-lete-S ^is oSer se"5

■Sat ic er seide ;

ne bit ge nowt ^e barlic

beren abuten ;

oc sune"S it and sake^S for-5,

so it same were.

Get is wunder of Sis wirm

more -Sanne man wene^,

^e corn -Sat ge to cave bere^,

al get bit o-t\\-inne,

•Sat it ne for-wur-Se

ne waxe hire fro,

er ge it eten wille.

Signijicacio.

Se mire mune^S us
mete to tilen,
long livenoSe,
Sis little wile

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 215

•Se we on ^is werld Avunen :
for 'Sanne \ve of wenden,
•Sanne is ure winter ;
we sulen hunger haven
and harde sures,
buten we ben war here.
Do we for-"(Si so do^S bis der,

"Sanne be Ave derne
on ^at dai -Sat dom sal ben,

"Sat it ne us harde repe :
seke we ure lives fod,

•Sat we ben siker dere,
so -Sis wirra in winter is,

"San ge ne tile^ nummore.
■Se mire sune^ "Se barlic,

■«Sanne ge fint te A\"ete ;
■Se olde lage we ogen to sunen,

^e newe we haven moten.
^e corn -Sat ge to cave bereS,

all ge it bit o-twinne,
"Se lage us lere^ to don god,

and forbede^S us sinne.
It ben us ebriche bodes,

and bekned evelike ;
it fet "Se lichara and te go^t

oc nowt o gevelike ;
ure loverd Crist it lene us

^at his lage us fede,
nu and o doines-dei,

and tanne we haven nede.

Nahira cervi.

■Se hert haveS kindes two,

and forbisnes oc al so :

"Sus it is on boke set,

■Sat nian clepeS Fisiologet. ■*"

He drage^S ^e neddre of de ston

"Surg his nese up on on,

of ^e stoc er of "Se ston,

for it wile ^er-under gon ;

and swele^ it wel swi^Se,

•Ser-of hira brinne^S si^en

of "Sat attrie Sing,

wi^Sinnen he have^ brenning :

he lepe^ ^anne wi^ raikel list,

of swet water he have^ iSrist;

he drinke^ water orrcdilike

216 RELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE»

til he is ful wel sikerlike,

ne have^S "Sat venim non migt

to deren him si-§en non wigt.

Oc he werpe"b er hise hornes

in wude er in ^ornes,

and gingid him -Sus bis wilde der,

so ge haven nu lered her.

Significacio prima.

Alle we atter dragen off ure eldere,

"Sebrokendrigtinnesword^^urg-Seneddre;

■Ser^Surg haveb mankin

boben nib and win,

kolsipe and gi>^ting,

givernesse and wissing,

pride and over-wene ;

swilc atter i-mene.

Ofte we brennen in mod,

and wurben so we weren wod;

•Sanne we ^ris brennen ;

bihove^ us to rennen

to Cristes quike welle,

■Sat we ne gon to helle ;

drinken his wissing,

it quenchet ilc siniging ;

for-werpen pride everil del,

so hert dob hise hornes ;

gingen us tris to gode-ward,

and gemen us si^en for^-ward.

Kafura ija.

iSe hertes haven anolSer kinde,

Sat us og alle to ben minde.

Alle he arn off one mode ;

for if he fer fecchen fode,

and he over water ten,

wile non at nede ober flen ;

oc on swimmeS bi-forn,

and alle ^e otire foJegen,

weSer so he swimme^ er he wade^ :

is non at nede Sat oSer late^,

oc leigeth his skin-bon

on o^res lend-bon.

Gef him Sat biforn te^

bihmpes for to tirgen,

alle "Se oSre cumen mide,

and helpen him for to herien.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE. 217

beren him of -Sat water gnmd
up to "Se lond al lieil and sund,
and for^en here nede :
Sis wune he haven hem bitwen,
^og he an hundred to giddre ben.

Significacio ij""

■Se hertes costes we ogen to munen,

ne og ur non oSer to sunen,

oc evrilc luven o^Ser,

also he were his broder,

wur^en stedefast his wine,

ligten him of his birdene,

helpen him at his n.ede ;

God giveS "Ser-fore mede :

we sulen haven hevenriche,

gef we ben twixen us ben briche :

^us is ure loverdes lage,

luvehke to fiUen,
herof have we mikel ned,

^at we 'Sar wiS ne dillen.

Natura wulpis.

A wilde der is
■Sat is ful of fele wiles,
fox is hire to name,
for hire queiSsipe ;
husebondes hire haten,
for hire harm dedcs :
•Se coc and te capun
ge fecche^ ofte in ^e tun,
and te gandre and te gos,
bi ■Se necke and bi ^e noz,
hale^ is to hire hole ;
for-^i man hire hatieS,
hatien and hulen
bo^e men and fules.
ListneS nu a wunder,
■Sat tis der do^ for hunger :
go^ o felde to a furg,
and falle^ ^ar-inne,
in eried lond er in er-S chine.
for to bihrten fugeles ;
ne stere-S ge nogt of ^e stede
a god stund deies,
oc dare^ so ge ded were,
ne drage^ ge non onde:
2c

218 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.^.

•Se raven is swiSe redi,
wene^S "Sat ge rotieS,
and o^Sre fules liire fallen bi
for to winnen fode,
derflike wi^Suten dred ;
he wenen 'Sat ge ded be^,
he wullen on "Sis foxes fel ;
and ge it wel fele^,
ligtlike ge lepe^S up
and lette-S hem sone,
gelt hem here billing
ra^Se AviS illing,
te-togge^S and te-tire^ hem
mid hire te^S sarpe,
fret hire fille,
and go^ 'San "Ser ge wille.

Significacio.

Twifold forbisne in 'Sis der

to frame we mugen finden her,

warsipe and wisedom

wi"S devel and wiS ivel man ;

■Se devel dere^S dernelilce,

he lat he ne wile us nogt biswike,

he lat he ne wile us don non lo^,

and bringeS usin a sinne and ter he us slo^S,

he bit us don ure bukes wille,

eten and drinken wi^S unskil,

and in ure skempting

he doS ra-Se a foxing,

he bille^S one ^e foxes fel

wo so telle^ idel spel,

and he tire^S on his ket

Avo so him wiS sinne fet,

and devel geld swak bilhng

wi^S same and wi"S sending,

and for his sinfule Averk

lede^S man to helle merk.

Sigmficacio.

■Se devel is tus 'Se i-hk
mi^ ivele breides and wi"S spik ;
and man al so "Se foxes name
arn wurSi to haven same ;
for wo so seieS oSer god,
and 'SenkeS ivel on his mod,
fox he is and fend i-Avis,

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 219

■Se boc ne lege-S nogt of ^is ;
so was Herodes fox and flerd,
^o Crist kam in to (5is middel-erd,
he seide lie wulde him leven on,
and ^ogte he wulde him for-don.

Natura iranee fsicj.

Seftes sop ure seppande,

sene is on werlde,

leiSe and loldike, (sicj

•Sus we it leven,

mani-kines ^ing

alle manne to wissing.

■Se spinnere on hire swid ge weve^,

feste^ atte hus rof,

hire fo dredes

0 rof er on ovese,

so hire is on elde ;

werpe^ -Sus hire web,

and weve^ on hire wise.

•Sanne ge it hoveb al i-digt.

^e-Sen ge drive-S,

hitt hire in hire hole,

oc ai ge it biholde^

til 'Sat -Ser fleges faren

and fallen 'Ser-inne,
wiSeren in -Sat web,
and wilen ut wenden ;
■Sanne renne-S ge rapelike,
for ge is ai redi,
nime^ anon to -Se net
and nimeS hem ^ere,
bitterhke ge hem bit
and here bane AvurSe^,
drepe^ and drinkeS here blod,
doS ge hire non oSer god,
bute fret hire fille,
and dare-S si-Sen stille.

Signijicacio.

Dis wirm bitokne^ -Se man

"Sat otier bis«-ikeS

on stede er on stalle,

stille er lude,

in mot er in market,

er oni oSer wise,

he him bit

220 RELIQUl.E ANTIQUiE

"ban he him bale selle^,
and he drinkeS his blod
A\anne he him dreve^,
and ^o frete^ hem al,
^an he him ivel werke^.

Natura cetegrandie.

Cethegrande is a fis
■Se moste "^at in water is ;
^ -5at tu Avuldes seien get,

gef 'Su it soge wan it flet,
^at it were an eilond
■Sat sete one ^e se sond.
^is fis ^at is unride,
^anne him hungre-S he gape^ wide,
ut of his "Srote it smit an onde,
^e swetteste bing -bat is o londe ;
"Ser fore o^re fisses to him dragen,
wan he it felen he aren fagen,
he cumen and hoven in his mu"S,
of his SAvike he arn uncu'? ;
"Sis cete "Sanne hise chaveles lukeS,
■Sise fisses alle in suke^,
■Se smale he A\"ile Sus biswiken,
"Se grete maig he nogt bigripen.
■Sis fis wune^ wi-S "Se se grund,
and live^S -Ser evre heil and sund,
til it cumeth ^e time
"Sat storm stire^ al "Se se,
"Sanne sumer and winter winnen ;
ne mai it Avunen -Ser-inne,
so drovi is te sees grund,
ne mai he wunen ^er "Sat stund,
oc stire^ up and hoveS stille ;
wiles "Sar weder is so ille,
^e sipes "Sat arn on se for-driven,
lo^ hem is ded, and lef to liven,
biloken hem and sen "Sis fis,
an eilond he wenen it is,
■Ser-of he aren swi^e fagen,
and mid here migt ^ar to he dragen,
sipes on festen,
and alle up gangen ;
of ston mid stel in ^e tunder
wel to brennen one Sis wunder,
warmen hem wel and heten and drinken;

RELIQUI.B ANTIQUjE. 221

■Se fir lie feleS and do-S hem sinken,
for sone he dive^ dun to grunde,
he drepe-S hem alle wi^uten wunde.

Signijicacio.
•Sis devel is mikel wiS wil and magt,
so wicches haven in here craft,
he do^ men hungren and haven ^rist,
and mani oSer sinful list,
colle^ men to him wi^ his onde,
wo so him folge^ he findeS sonde ;
•So arn -Se Uttle -in leve lage,
•Se mikle ne maig he to him dragen :
■Se mikle, I mene ■Se stedefast
in rigte leve mid fles and gast.
wo so hstne^ develes lore,
on leng^e it sal him repen sore ;
wo so feste^ hope on him,
he sal him folgen to helle dim.

Natura Sirene.
In "Se se senden
selcu^es manie ;
"Se mereman is
a meiden i-like
on brest and on bodi,
oc al -Sus ge is bunden,
fro -Se novle ni^er-ward
ne is ge no man hke,
00 fis to fuliwis
mid finnes waxen.
"Sis wunder wune-S
in wankel stede,
•Ser ^e water sinke^,
sipes ge sinke^,
and sca-Se •Sus werke^.
Mirie ge singe^S -Sis mere,
and have-S manie stefnes,
manie and sille,
oc it ben wel ille ;
sipmen here steringe forgeten
for hire stefninge,
slumeren and slepen,
and to late waken,
•Se sipes sinken mitte suk,
ne cumen he nummor up.
Oc wise men and warre

222 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

agen cunen cliare,

ofte arn at-brosten,

mid he brest ovel ;

he haven herd told of 'Sis mere

"Sat tus unie mete,

half man and half fis,

sum "Sing tokne^S bi 'Sis.

Signijicacio.

Fele men haven "Se tokning

of ^is forbisnede "Sing,

wi^Suten weren Avulves fel,

wi^Sinnen arn he wulves al ;

he speken godcundhede,

and wikke is here dede ;

here dede is al uncu^

wi"S 'Sat speke^S here mu^S ;

twifold arn on mode,

he sweren bi 'Se rode,

bi ■Se sunne and bi Se inone,

and he 'Se legen sone,

mid here sage and mid here song

he "Se swiken 'Ser i-raong,

"Sin agte wiS swiking,

"Si soule wi^S lesing.

Natura elephantis.

Elpes arn in Inde riche,

on bodi borHc berges i-like ;

he to gaddre gon o wolde,

so sep "Sat cumen ut of folde,

and behinden he hem sampnen

"Sanne he sulen o^re strenen ;

oc he arn so kolde of kinde

■Sat no golsipe is hem minde,

til he neten of a gres,

•Se name is mandragores, ,

si^Sen he bigeton on,

and two ger he 'Ser-mide gon.

"Sog he 'Sre hundred ger

on werlde more wuneden her,

bigeten he nevermor non,

so kold is hem si^en blod and bon ;

•Sanne ge sal hire kindles beren,

in water ge sal stonden,

in water to mid side,

RELIQUI-E ANTIQU.E. 223

■Sat wanne hire harde tide,

■Sat ge ne falle ni^er nogt,
■Sat is most in hire ^ogt,
for he ne haven no HS
"Sat he mugen risen Avi-S.
Hu he reste^ him 'Sis der,

^anne he walkeS wide,
herkne wu it telle-S her,

for he is al unride.
A tre he seke^ to fulige wis,
"Sat is strong and stedefast is,
and lene^ him trostlke -Ser-bi,
•Sanne he is of walke weri.
"Se hunte have^ biholden -Sis,

'Se him Aville swiken,
wor his beste wune is,

to don hise willen ;
sage^S 'Sis tre and under set,
o 'Se wise "Sat he mai bet,
hile^b it wel 'Sat he it nes Avar,
"Sanne he make^ ^er to char,
him selven sit olon bihalt,
we"Ser his gin him out biwarlt.
"Sanne cume^S "Sis elp unride,
and lene^S him up on his side,
clepe^S bi "Se tre in 'Se sadue,
and fallen boden so to gaddre ;
gef ^Ser is noman Sanne he falle^S,
he remeS and helpe calle^,
reme^ reufuHke on his wise,
hope^ he sal ^urg helpe risen ;
"Sanne cume^ "Ser on gangande,
hope^ he sal him don ut standen,
fikeS and fondeS al his migt,
ne mai he it for^en no wigt ;
he canne 'San non oSer,
oc 0 reme-S mid his broSer,
manie and mikle cume ^er sesacande,
wenen him on stall maken,
oc for "Se helpe of hem alle
ne mai he cumen so on stalle ;
■Sanne remen he alle a rem,
so hornes blast o^Ser belles drem,
for here mikle reming
rennande cume^ a gungUng,
ra^Se to him kite^S,

224 RELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE.

his snute him under pute^S,

and mitte helpe of hem alle

■Sis elp he reisen on stalle ;

and tus at-brested "Sis huntes breid,

o "Se wise 'Sat ic have ga seid.

Signijicacio.

■Sus fel Adam ^urg a tre,

ure firste fader, 'Sat fele we :

Moyses wulde him reisen,

migte it no wigt for^cn ;

after him prophetes alle

mighte her non him make on stalle,

on stalle, i seie, 'Ser he er stod,

to haven heven-riche god.

Hesuggedenandsorgedenandweren in^Sogt,

wu he migten him helpen out;

■So remeden he alle under stevene

alle hege up to Se hevene,

for here care and here calling

hem cam to Crist heven king ;

he "Se is ai in hevene mikel,

wur^ her man, and tus was htel,

droping dolede in ure manhede,

and tus Adam he under gede,

reisede him up, and mankin,

■Sat was fallen to helle dim.

Natura iuriuris.

^ In boke is "Se turtres Uf
writen o rime, wu lagehke
ge holde^ hive al hire hf time ;
gef ge ones make havcS,

fro him ne wile ge si"Sen :
mune"S Avimmen hire lif,

ic it wile gu reden ;
bi hire make ge sit o nigt,

o dei ge goS and fiege^.
wo so seit he sundren out,

i seie 'Sat he legcS.
Oc if hire make were ded,

and ge widue wore,
"Sanne flege^ ge one and fare^S,

non oSer wile ge more ;
buten one go^ and one sit,
and hire olde luve abit,

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 225

in herte have^S him nigt and clai,
so he were o-live ai.

Signijicacio.

List ilk lesful man hcr-to,

and her-of ofte reche :
ure sowle atte kirke dure

ches hire Crist to meche,
he is ure soule spuse,

luve we him wi^S migte,
and wende we nevre fro him-ward

be dai ne be nigte ;
"Sog he be fro ure sigte faren,

be we him alle trevve,
non oSer loverd ne luve we

ne non luve newe ;
leve we Sat he lived ai

up on heven-riche,
and SeSen he sal cumen eft,

and ben us alle briche,
for to demen alle raen,

oc nout on gevenUke,
hise lo^e men sulen to helle faren,

hise leve to his riche.

Natura pantere.

Panter is an wilde der,
is non fairere on werlde her ;
he is blac so bro of qual,
mi^S Avite spottes sapen al,
wit and trendled als a wel,
and itt bicume^ him swi^e wel.
Wor so he wune^ 'Sis panter,
he fede^ him al mid o^er der,
of "So "Se he wile he nime"S "Se cul
and fet him wel til he is ful.
In his hole si^en stille
■Sre dages he slepen wille,
"San after Se 'Sridde dai
he riseS and reme^S lude so he mai,
ut of his ^rote cume^S a smel
mid his rem forS over al,
•Sat over cumeth haliweie
wi^S swetnesse, ic gu seie,
and al ^at evre smelleS swete,
2d

226 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^,

be it drie be it wete,

for -Se swetnesse ofF his onde,

wor so he Avalke^S o londe,

wor so he walked, er wor so he wune^,

ilk der ^e him hereS to him cume^S,

and folegeS him up one iSe wold,

for ^e swetnesse ^Se ic gu have told.

^e dragunes one ne stiren nout

wiles te panter reme^ ogt,

oc daren stille in here pit,

als so he weren of dede offrigt.

Significacio.

Crist is tokned 'Surg "Sis der,
wos kinde we haven told gu her ;
for he is faier over alle men,
so even sterre over er^Se fen ;
ful wel he taunede his luve to man,
wan he Surg holi spelhim Avan,
and longe he lai her in an hole,
wel him dat he it wulde ^olen ;
•(Sre daies slep he al on on,
•Sanne he ded was in blod and bon,
up he ros and remede in wis
of helle pine, of hevene bhs,
and steg to hevene uvenest,
"Ser wune^S wi^ fader and hoH gast.
Amonges men a swete mel
he let her of his hoh spel,
wor "Surg Ave mugen folgen him
into his godcundnesse fin.
And '^Sat wirm ure widerwine,
wor so of Godes word is Sine,
ne dar he stiren, ne noman deren,
"Ser wilc he lage and kive beren.

Natura columbe et significacio.

•Se culver have^S costes gode,

alle wes ogen to haven in mode,

sevene costes in hire kinde,

alle it ogen to ben us minde,

ge ne haveS in hire non galle,

simple and solte be we alle ;

ge ne Kve^S nogt bilagt ;

ilc robbinge do we of hac,

•Se wirm ge leteS and Hve-S bi 'Se sed.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQUJE. 227

of Cristes lore we have ned ;
\v'v8 o-Sre briddes ge do-S as moder,
so og ur ilk to don wi^ o^Ser ;
woning and groning is lic hire song,
bimene we us, we haven done wrong.
In water ge is wis of hevekes come,
and we in boke wi^ devles nome ;
in hole of ston ge makeS hire nest,
in Cristes milce ure hope is best.

Wri,

BALLADS.

From MS. Harl. 7578, fol. 18, r", fifteenth century.

Moost souveraine lord, o blessith Crist Jeshu!
From oure enemy delivere us and our foon !
Unth[e]r whoos grace and unther whose vertu
We been assureth whereso we ride or goon.
Nowe, Lord, that arte two, three, and oon,
Kepe and preserve unther thy mighty hande
The king, the queene, the peple, and the lande.

And blessed Lord, of thine benignite

Considre and see oure affliccion,

And lat thine e}'e on mercy on us see,

Us to releve in tribulacion ;

And shadowe us, Lorde, w^ith thy proteccion,

And ay preserve unther th}' mighty hande

The king, the queene, the peple, and the londe.

And, good Lord, beholde and eke adverte
Of thy mercy and thy grete grace
The inwarde sorowes of oure troubled herte,
And loke upon us Avith a benynge face,
And late thy winges of pite use embrace,
And ay preserve unther thy mighty hande
The kinge, the quene, thy peple, and thy lande.

Mekely forthy the synnes olde and newe
OfF thy peple and their grete affence ;
And, good Lord, uppon theire gelthes rewe,
And theire the merites by done not recompense,
But reconsile hem with thine indulgence;
And aye preserve unther thy mighty hande
The king, the quene, thy peple, and th}' lande.

228 RELIQUl.E ANTIQU,E.

And, goocl Lord, have here oure orisons,
Whanne we to the for helpe clepe and calle,
Here oure compleyntes and lementacions,
And do socoure to oure offences alle ;
Be oure defence that no mischeffe ne falle ;
And ay preserve unther thy mighty hande
The kinge, the quene, the peple, and thy londe.

Thou Sonne of God ay lastinge and eterne,

Have mercy oon us and forgete us nought,

And of thy grace guide us and governe,

And recoQsile that thou so dere has bought ;

With love and dreede enbrace oure inwarde thought ;

And ay preserve unther thy mighty hande

The king, the quene, the peple, and the lande.

In this life here and perpetually
To kepe us, Lorde, that thou not disdayne,
For alle oure truste stante in thy mercy,
Hopinge by grace we shal therto atteyne,
Thy passion shalle kepe us oute of payne ;
And ay preserve unther thy mighty honde
The kinge, the quene, the peple, and the londe.

Here us, Lord, whanne we to the preye,
And here us, Lord, in mischef and in nede ;
And Criste Jhesu be mercie us conveye,
Whiche oon the croos lyste for oure sake bleede,
Fortune this reme, and make it Avel to spede,
Benigne Jhesu prebcrve eke with thine honde
The kinge, the quene, the people, and thy londe.

Venvoie.

And, Lord, amonge alle remembraunce,

Our Henry, thy awen chose knight,

Borne to enherite the region of Fraunce

By trewe discent and be title of right,

Nowe, good Lord, conserve him tliorugh thy might,

And preservc unther thy might}- hande

Him and his moder, the peeple and thy londe.

Late him in vertu ay encrese and shinc,
Worthy thorow vertu to be put in memorie ;
And forgete not his moder Katheryne,
Where thou sittest in thine heven glorie ;
Yif to thine knight conqueste and victorie,
And preserve unther thy mighty honde
Him and his moder, the peple and thine laride.

RELIQU1.1: ANTIQU.E. 229

Be thou his counceile and his soverayne rede ;

So as he wexeth, with vertu him avaunce ;

And. blessed Lord, be thou Loth helpe and spede,

To alle that labouren for his enheritaunce,

Both in this rewme and in the grounde of Fraunce,

And preserve unther thy mighty honde

Him and his moder, thy peple and thy londe.

In short tyme that thou may atteyne,
Withoute lettynge, or any perturbaunce,
To be corowned with worthy crounes tweyne ;
Firste in this lande, and afterwarde in Fraunce ;
And give him grace to lyve in thy plesaunce,
And aye preserve unthir thy mighty honde
Him and his moder, thy peple and thy londe,

MS. Harl. 7578, fol. 16, r", loth century.

Somme tyme [this] worlde was stedfast and stable,

That manys worde \^'as obligacion ;

And now it is so fals and so disceyvable,

That worde and dede as in conclusion

Is nothinge like, for torneth up so don

Ys alle thise Avorlde for neede and wilfulnesse,

That alle is loste for lake of stedfastnesse.

What maketh this worlde to be so variable,

But lust that folke han in destension ]

For amonge us nowe a man is holde unable,

But if he can be some conclusion

Doo his neghboure wronge or opression.

What causeth this but wiiful wrecchednesse,

Thatalle is loste for lakke of stedfastnesse ?

Trought is putte doune, reson is holden fable,

Vertu hath nowe non dominacion,

Pitee exiled, no man is merciable,

Thurgh covetvse is blente discreccion,

The worlde hath made permutacion

Fro right to wronge, fro trought to fikelness,

That alle is loste for lake of stedfastnesse.

O, prince, desire to be honorable,

Chirsshe thine folke and hate extorcion ;

Suffir no thinge that may be reprovable

To thine estate donne in thine region,

Schewe furth thine swerde of castigacion ;

Dreed God, doo lawe, iove trouth and worthinesse,

And weed thine folke agayne to stedfastnesse.

HlllL

230 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

THE MASTER OF OXFORD'S CATECHISM.

From MS. Lansdowne, No. 762, written in the reign of Henry V.

Questions bitivene the Maister of Oxinford and his Scoler.

The Clerkys question. Say iiie where was God whan he
made heven and erthe ] The Maisters answer. I saye, in the
ferther ende of the wynde. C. Tell me Avhat worde God first
spake ? M. Be thowe made light, and light was made. C.
Whate is God 1 M. He is God, that all thinge made, and all
thinge hath in his power. C In how many dayes made God
all thingis ? M. In six dayes. The first daye he made Hght ;
the second daye he made all thinge that helden heven ; the
thirde daye he made water and erthe ; the fourth daye he made
the firmament of heven ; the v*^ daye he made sterrys ; the
vj'^ day he made ahnaner bestis, fowHs, and the see, and
Adam, the firste man. C. Whereof was Adam made ? M.
Of viij. thingis : the first of erthe, the second of fire, the iij*^'^ of
wynde, the iiij'^ ofclowdys, the v^^ of aire wherethorough he
speketh and thinketh, the vj^'^ of dewe wherby he sweteth,
the vij'^ of flowres, wherof Adam hath his ien, the viij'^ is
salte wherof Adam hath salt teres. C Wherof was founde
the name of Adam ] M. Of fowre sterres, this been the namys,
Arcax, Dux, Arostolym, and Momfumbres. C. Of whatestate
was Adain wlian he Avas made ? M. A man of xxx. wynter
of age. C And of whate length was Adam? M. Of iiij.
score and vj. enchys. C. How longe Hved Adam in this
worlde ? M. ix. c. and xxx^y wynter, and afterwarde in hell
tyll the passion of our lord God. C Of whate age was
Adam A^han he begat his first childe ? M. An c. and xxx.
wynter, and had a son that hight Seth, and that Seth had
a son that hight Enos, and the forsaid Seth lived ix. c.
and X. wynter, and Enos his son Hved ix. c. and v. wynter.
And that Enos had a son that hight Canaan, and that Canaan
Hved ix. c. x. wynter. And that Canaanhad a son than hight
Malek, and that Malek Hved ix. c. and v. wynter, and that
Malek had a son that hight Jared, and that Jared Hved ix. c.
xHj. wynter, and that Jared had a son that hight Matusidall,
and that Matusidall Hved ix. c. and xHx. wynter, and that
MatusidaH had a son that hight Lanek, and that Lanek Hved
vij. c. and xlvij. Avynter, and that Lanek had a son that hight
Noe, andthat Noehad iij. sonnys, the which forsaid Noe Hved
ix. c. xl. wynter, and his iij. sonnys hight Sem, Cam, and
Japheth. And Sem had xxx. children, and Cam had xxx.

RELIQUI.« ANTIQUiE. 231

children, and Japheth had xij. children. C. Whate was he
that never was borne, and was buried in his mothers wombe,
and sens was cristened and saved ] M. That was our father
Adam. C. How longe was Adam in Paradise? M. vij.
yere, and at vij. yeres ende he trespased ayenst God for the
apple that he hete on a Fridaye, and au angell drove him owte.
C. Howe many wynter was Adam whan our Lorde was doon
on the crosse 1 M. That was v. m'. cc. and xxxij. yere. C.
What hicht Noes wj^f] M. Dalida; and the wif of Sem,
CatesHnna ; and the wif of Cam, Laterecta; and the wif of
Japheth, Aurca. And other iij. names, Ollia, Olina, and
Olybana. C. Wherof Avas made Noes ship ? M. Of a tre
that ^^-as clepyd Chy. C. And whate length was Noes ship ?
M. Fifty fadem of bredeth, and cc. fadem of length, and xxx.
fadem of hith. C. Howe many ^^ynter ^vas Noes ship in
makyngl M. iiij. score yeres. C. How longe dured Noes
flodde ] M. xl. dayes and xl. nightys. C. Howe many children
had Adam and Eve ] M. xxx. men children and xxx. wymen
children. C. Whate citie is there the son goth to reste \ M.
A citie that is called Sarica. C. Whate be the beste erbes
that God loved ? M. The rose and the lilie. C. Whate
fowle loved God best ? M. The dove, for God sent his spiret
from heven in likenes of a dove. C. Which is the best water
that ever was ] M. Flom Jurdan, for God was baptised
therein, C. Where be the anjelles that God put out of heven
and bycam devilles ? M. Som into heli, and som reyned in
the skye, and som in the erth, and som in waters and in ■\vodys.
C. How manv waters been there 1 M. ij. salte waters, andij.
fresshe waters. C. Who made first ploughis \ M. Cam,
that was Noes son. C. Why bereth not stonj^-s froyt as
trees ? 31. For Cayme slough his brother Abell with the bone
of an asse cheke. C. Whate is the best thinge and the worste
amonge men? M. Worde is beste and Avarste. C. Ofwhate
thinge be men most ferde ? M. Men be moste ferde of deth.
C. Whate are the iiij. thinges that men may not Hve Avithout ]
[J/.] Wynde, fire, water, and erth. C. Where resteth a
manys soule, whan he shall slepe ] M. In the brayne, or in
the blode, or in the harte. C. Where lieth ^loises body ] M.
Beside the howce that highg Enfegor. C. Why is the erth
cursed, and the see bhssed ] M. For Noe and Abraham, and
for cristenyng that God commaunded. C. Who sat first vines ?
M. Noe set the first vines. C. Who cleped first God ] M.
The devyll. C. Which is the hevicst thinge bering ] M. Syn
is the heviest. C. Which thinge is it that som loveth, and som
hateth] M. That isjugement. C. Which be the iiij. thingis
that never was full nor never shalbe ] M. The first is erth.

232 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

the second is fire, the thirde is hell, the fourth is a covitous man.
C. How many maner of birdis been there, and howe many of
fisshes ■? M. liiij. of fowles, and xxxvj. of fisshes. C. Which
was the first clerke that ever was \ M EHas was the firste.
C. Whate hight the iiij. Avaters that renneth through paradise?
M. The one hight Fyson, the other Egeon, the iij*^® hight
Tj^grys, andtheiiij'^ Effraton. Thise beenmilke, hony, oyll,
and wyne. C. Wherefore is the son rede at evenl M. For he
gothe toward hell. C Who made first cities ? M. Marcu-
rius the gyaunt. C How many kmgagis been there? M. Ixij.,
and so many discipules had God without his appostoles.

Wrt.

MISCELLANEOUS SCRAPS.

From the same MS. fol. 2. vo.

Computatio Subscripto defeodis mHitum fuit fadum in anno
regis Henrici quinti, iiij*o-

Ther been in Englond xxxvj. shires, Hj. m^ and Ixxx.
townes, xlv. m^- and xj. parisshes, Lx. m^- cc. xv. knightes fees,
wherof reUgious have xxviij. m^ and xv. fees. The somme of
the xv^^ of all Englond is xxxvij m^. ix.'^ xxx. li. xj. d. ob. in
clere, without colectours dispencis, that is iij*=. xxij. li. vj. s.
viij. d. The length of Englond from Scotlond to Totnesse
conteyneth viij^ myles. The bredeth therof from Saint Davis
in Wales unto Dover, ij'^. myles and L The circute therof,
iiij. mL and xL myles.

Weight and Mesure.

By the discrecion and ordynaunce of oure Lorde the king
weight and mesure were made. It is to be knowen that an
Enghsse penny, whichis called a rounde sterlyng, and without
clyppyng, shall weye xvj. cornys of whete taken owte of the
middyll of the ere. And xx. maken an ounce; xij. ounces
maken a pounde, which is xx. s. of sterhnges. And viij.
pounde of whete maken a galon of wyne; and viij. galondys
maken a London busshell, which is the eight parte of a quarter.

ft)l. 16, ro.

A good horsse must have xv. propertyes and condicions,
that is to witte, iij. of a man, iij. of a woman, iij. of a fox, iij.
ofan hare, andiij. of an asse. Of a man, bolde, prowde, and
hard}' ; of a Avoman, fayre brested, fayre of here, and esy to

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 233

lepe upon ; of a fox, a faire tayle, shorte eres, Avith a good
trotte ; of an hare, a grete eye, a drye heed, and wele rennvng ;
of an asse, a bigge chynne, a flat leg, and a good hone. Wele
traveled Avynien or wele traveled horsses were never good.

fol. 16, vo. written as prose.
Aryse erly,
Serve God devoAvtely,
And the worlde besely,
Doo thy work wisely,
Yeve thyn ahiies secretely,
Goo by the waye sadly,
Answer the people demuerly,
Goo to th}' mete apetitely,
Sit therat discretelv,
Of thy tunge be not to liberally,
Arise therfrom temperally,
Go to thy supper soberly,
And to thy bed merely,
Be in thyn inne jocundely,
Please thy love duely,
And slepe suerly.

Who that maketh in Cristemas a dogge to his larder,
And in Marche a sowe to his gardjaier,
And in Maj^e a fole of a wise mannes coLmcell,
He shall never have good larder, faire gardeyn, nor wele
kepte councell.

Far from thy kyn cast the,
Wreth not thy neighber next the,
In a good corne contrey rest the,
And sit downe, Robyn, and rest the.

Who that byldeth his howse all of salos,
And prikketh a blynde horsse over the folowes,
And suffereth his wif to seke many halos,
God sende hym the blisse of everlasting galos !

There been thre thinges full harde to be knowen which waye
they woll drawe. The first is of a birde sitting upon a bough.
The second is of a vessell in the see. And the thirde is the
waye of a yonge man.

Two wymen in one howse,
Two cattes and one mowce,
Two dogges and one bone,
Mave never accorde in one.

Wrt,
2e

234 RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^.

A BALLAD.

From MS. Harl. 7333. fol. 192, r», a., fifteenth century.

Halsam squiere made thes ij. halades.

The worlde so w^-de, the ayer so remuable,

The sely man so litle of stature,

The groue and grounde of clothing so mutable,

The fuyre so hoete and sotile of nature,

The water never in oon, what creatour

That made is of thes foure thus flettynge

May stedfaste bee, as here is levynge ?

The more I goo, the forthere I am behynde ;

The more behynde, the nerrer my weyes ende ;

The more I seche, the worse kan I fynde ;

The more presente, the firther oute of my mynde ;

Is this fortune, not I, or in fortune,

Thaughe I goo loosse, I tyed am with a loygne.

Here begynnethe a dialoge betwene man and dethe.
[This is in Latin.]

Hllll

CREED, PATER NOSTER, &c.

In English verse, from MS. Arundel, 292, fol. 3, r°, and yo, of the earlier
part of the thirteenth centurj-.

Credo in Deum.

I leve in Godd al-micten fader,
■Satt hevene and er^e made to gar :
And in Jhesu Crist his leve sun,
Ure onelic loverd, ik him mune,
^att of de holigost bikennedd was,
Of Marie "Se maiden boren he was,
Pinedd under Ponce Pilate,
On rode nailedd for mannes sake,
■Sar ^olede he deadd widuten wold,
And biriedd was in de roche cold ;
Dun til helle licten he gan,
■Se 'Sridde dai off deadd at-kam,
To hevene he steg in ure manhche,
■Sar sitteS he in hiis faderes riche,
O domes dai sal he cumen agen

RELTQUI.E ANTIftUJE. 235

To demen dede and lives men :

I leve on ^e hali gast,

Al lioli chirche stedefast,

Men off alle holi kinne,

And forgivenesse of mannes sinne,

Up-risinge of alle men,

And eche lif I leve. Amen.

Pater Nosier.

Fader ure "Satt art in hevene blisse,

Sin hege name itt wur-Se bliscedd,

Cumen itt mote ^i kingdom,

"Sin hali wil it be al don

In hevene and in er-Se all so,

So itt sall ben ful wel ic tro ;

Gif us alle one 'Sis dai

Ure bred of iche dai

And forgive us ure sinne

Als we don ure wi^Serwinnes ;

Leet us noct in fondinge falle,

Ooc fro ivel ^u sild us alle. Amen.

Ave Maria.

Marie ful off grace, Aveel de be,
Godd of hevene be wi^ •Se,
Oure alle wimmen bhscedd tu be,
So be "Se bern datt is boren of ^e.

In manus tuas.

Loverd Godd, in hondes tine
I bique^e soule mine,
"5u me boctest wiS Si deadd,
Loverd Godd of so^fastheedd.

H Wanne I ^enke ^inges Sre,
Ne mai hi nevre bU^e ben ;
^e ton is dat I sal awei,
■Se to^er is I ne wot Avilk dei,
^e -Sridde is mi moste kare,
I ne wot wider I sal faren.

11 If man him bi^octe,
Inderlike andofte,
Wu arde is te fore
Fro bedde to flore,
Wu reuful is te flitte

236 RELIQULE ANTIQU^.

Fro flore te pitte,
Fro pitte te pine
'Sat nevre sal fine,
I wene non sinne
Sulde his herte winnen.

Wri.

THE THIRTY-TWO FOLLIES.

From MS. Gg. i. 1, fol. 629, r", Bib. Publ. Cantab. temp. Edw. II.

Ici commencent les .xxxij.folies.

Ke nul bien ne set, et nul veut aprendre ;

Ke mut acceit, e n'ad dunt rendre ;

Ke taunt doune, e rien ne reteint ;

Ke mut promette, e ne donne nient ;

Ke tant parle qe nul ne li escute ;

Ke tant manace ke nul ne li-doute ;

Ke tant jure que nul ne li creit;

Ke demaunde quanke il veit ;

Ke a enfaunt ou a fol son conseil cunte ;

Ke pur autri honur sei meime met a hunte ;

Ke rien n'ad en burs, e tut bargaine ;

Ke ascient pert, e nient ne gaine ;

Ke tant fet en un jour, que ne puet a simaine ;

Ke pur estrange eschace, le soen demaine ;

Ke autre blasme, dunt il meimes est cupable;

Ke trop se fie en chose que n'est mi estable ;

Ke felun cunust, e li coyst a sei ;

Ke a soun seignur trop se desrai ;

Ke en bone pees desire la guere :

Ke se entremette de chose dunt n'ad qe fere ;

Ke fol est, e plus sol se fet ;

Ke se enjoyt de soun melfet ;

Ke n'ad qe li serve, ne li meime ne veut ;

Ke trop se mape, kaunt fere ne le estoet ;

Ke bien pout elire, e de gre se prent a pire ;

Ke tut quide veindre par mut mesdire ;

Ke tant se avaunce, qe nul ne li loe ,

Ke pur autri le soen desavoe :

Ke rien ne veut fere, ne autre ne let ;

Ke quide qe bien seit quanke li plet ;

Ke tut en prent, e nient ne escheve ;

Ke sanz reison sun bon amy greve.

Hllll.

ItELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

237

ITINERARY FROM VEXICE TO JOPPA.

From MS. Sloan. G83. fol. 42, r». of the fifteenth century.

A Venetiis ad Parentium sunt 100 mi'- Italica

A Parentio ad Corphonam 700.

A Corphona ad ^lodonam 300.

A Modona ad Cretam 300.

A Creta ad Rhodum 300.

A Rhodo ad Cyprum 300.

A Cypro ad Joppen tridui navigatione.

Hllll

A SONG.

From MS. Harl. 7371 of the sixteenth century .

Nos vagabunduli,
Lfeti, jucunduli,

Tara tantara teino.

Edimus libere,
Canimus lepide,

Tara &c.

Risu dissolvimur,
Pannis obvolvimur,
Tara &c.

Multum in joculis,
Crebro in poculis,
Tara &c.

Dolo consuimus,
Nihil metuimus,

Tara &c.

Pennus non deficit,
Prseda nos reficit,

Tara &c.

Frater catholice,
Vir apostolice,

Tara &c.

Dic quae volueris
Fient quee jusseris,
Tara &c.

Omnes metuite

Partes gramaticae,
Tara &c.

Quadruplex nebulo
Adest, et spolio,

Tara &c.

Data licencia,
Crescit amentia,

Tara &c.

Papa sic prjecipit,
Frater non decipit,
Tara &c.

Chare fratercule,
Vale et tempore,

Tara &c.

Quando revertitur,
Congratulabimur,

Tara &c.

Nosmet respicimus,
El vale dicimus,

Tara &c.

Corporum noxibus,
Cordium amplexibus,

Tara tantara teyno.

Hllll.

238 RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^.

A SONG.

From MS. Cotton. Vespas. A. xxv. fol. 50, v», temp. Hen. VIII.

So longe may a droppe fall,
That it may perse a stone ;
So longe trewthe may thrall,
That it shall scarce be knowen.

So longe may poweres wynke,
To lawgh at this or that,
That untruthe shall not shrynke
To say she cares not whatte.

So longe errore may raigne,
And untruthe soo increase,
That it shal be mutche payne
The same agayne to cease.

So longe lies may be cryed
Unto the peoples eares,
That whan truthe shal be tried,
Ytt may be with sume teares,

So longe we may goo seke
For that which is not farre,
Till ended be the week,
And we never the narre.

So longe we may be blynde,
Yf we fele not the greefe,
That harde wil be to fynde
For our disease reefe.

So longe we may forgete
Owre dutie unto God,
That sore we shal be bette,
And yet see not the rodde.

So longe we may in vaine
Forsake the way and pathe,
That grete shal be our paine,
Whan God shall shew his wrath.

So longe may God permytte
Us wretches to oiFende,
That it shall passe mans wytt
The fawte for to amende.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

So longe, if we have grace,
Goddes mercy Ave may crave,
That in dew tyme and space
I truste we shall it have.

239

Hllll.

A BURLESQUE SONG.

From MS. Cotton. Vespas. A. xxv. fol 135, V. temp. Hen. VIII. Somepart»
of this song are almost defaced in the MS. and very difficult to decypher.

Newes ! neAves ! newes ! newes !
Ye never herd so many newes !

A upon a strawe,

Cudlyng of my cowe,

Ther came to me jake-dawe,

Newes ! newes !

Our dame mylked the mares talle,
The cate Avas lykyng the potte ;
Our mayd came out wyt a flajde,
And layd her under fat.
Newes ! newes !

In ther came our next neyghbur,
Frome whens I can not tell ;
But ther begane a hard scouer,
" Have yow any musterd to sell 1"
Newes ! newes !

A cowe had stolyn a clafe away,
And put her in a sake ;
Forsoth I sel no puddynges to day,
Maysters, what doo 3'oue lake ]
Newes ! newes !

Robyne is gone to Hu[n]tyngton,
To bye our gose a flayle ;
Lyke Spip, my yongest son,
Was huntyng of a snalle.
Newes ! newes !

I

240 RELIQUI.E ANTIQUJE.

Our mayd John was her to-morowe,
I wote not where she berwend(?);
Our cate lyet syke,
And takyte gret sorowe.

Hllll.

SATIRE ON THE BLACKSMITHS.

From MS. Arundel. 292, f. 72, v". fourteenth century, written as prose.

Swarte smekyd smethes smateryd with smoke

Dry ve me to deth wyth den of here dyntes ;

Swech noys on nyghtes ne herd men nevere,

What knavene cry and clateryng of knockes,

The cammede kongons cryen after col ! col !

And bloAven here bellewys that al here brayn brestes.

Huf! puf! seith that on, haf ! paf! that other,

Thei spyttyn and spraulyn and spellyn* many spelles.

Thei gnauen and gnacchen, they gronys to-gydere,

And holdyn hem hote with here hard hamers.

Of a bole hyde ben here barm-fellys,

Here schankes ben schakeled for the fere flunderys,

Hevy hamerys thei han that hard ben handled,

Stark strokes thei stryken on a stelyd stokke,

Lus ! bus ! las ! das ! rowtyn be roAve,

Swech dolful a dreme the clevyl it to-dryve !

The mayster longith a lityl, and lascheth a lesse,

Twineth hem tweyn and towchith a treble,

Tik ! tak ! hic ! liac ! tiket ! taket ! tyk ! tak !

Lus ! bus ! lus ! das ! swych lyf thei ledyn,

Alle clothe merys, Cryst hem gyve sorwe !

May no man for brenwateres on nyght han hys rest.

* An interlinear gloss in a later hand lias eche ofhem at othere.

Wrt.

RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE. 241

THE THRUSH AND THE NIGHTINGALE.

From MS. Digby, 86, at Oxford, written in the reign of Edward I.
Ci comence le cuntent par entre le mauvis et la russinole.

Somer is comen with love to toune,
With blostme and with brides roune,

The note of hasel springeth ;
The dewes darkneth in the dale,
For longing of the ni^ttegale,

This foweles murie singeth.

Hic herde a strif bitweies two,
That on of wele, that other of wo,

Bitwene two i-fere ;
That on hereth wimmen that hoe beth hende,
That other hem wole withe mi^te shende,

That strif 36 moAven i-here.

The ni^tingale is on bi nome,
That wol shilden hem from shome,

Of skathe hoe wele hem skere :
The threstelcok hem kepeth ay,
He seith bi ni^te and eke bi day

That hy beth fendes i-fere.

" For hy biswiketh euchan mon
That mest bileveth hem ouppon ;

They hy ben milde of chere,
Hoe beth fikele and flas to fonde,
Hoe Avertheth \\o in euchan londe,

Hit were betere that hy nere."

" Hit is sheme to blame levedy,
For hy beth hende of corteisy,

Ich rede that thou lete :
Ne wes nevere bruche so strong
I-broke with ri^te ne with wrong,

That mon ne mi^te bete,

Hy gladieth hem that beth wrowe,
Bothe the heye and the lowe,

Mid some h}^ cunne hem grete :
This world nere nout, ^if wimen nere
I-maked hoe wes to mones fere,

Nis nothing al so swete.''

2f

242 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

" I ne may wimen herien nohut,

For hy beth swikele and false of thohut,

Also ich am ounderstonde ;
Hy beth feire and bri^t on hewe,
Here thout is fals and ountrewe,

Ful ^are ich have hem fonde.

Alisaundre the king meneth of hem ;
In the world nes non so crafti raon,

Ne non so riche of londe,
I take witnesse of monie and fele,
That riche Averen of worldes wele,

Muche wes hem the shonde."

The ni^tingale hoe wes wroth :

" Fowel, me thinketh thou art me loth,

Sweche tales for to showe :
Among a thousent levedies i-tolde,
Ther nis non wickede i-holde,

Ther hy sitteth on rowe.

Hy beth of herte meke and milde ;
Hemself hy cunne from shome shilde,

Withinne boures wowe ;
And swettoust thing in armes to wre,
The mon that holdeth hem in gle

Fowel, wi ne art thou hit i-nowe."

" Gentil fowel, seist thou hit me,
Ich habbe with hem in boure i-be,

I-haved al mine wille ;
Hy willeth for aluitel mede,
Don as unfoul derne dede,

Here soules for to spille."

" Fowel, me thinketh thou art les,
They thou be milde and softe of thes,

Thou seyst thine wille ;
I take witnesse of Adam,
That wes oure furste man,

That fond hem wyde and ille."

" Threstelcok, thou art wod,
Other thou const too litel good,

This wimen for to shende :
Hit is the swetteste driwerie,
And mest hoe commen of curteisie,

Nis nothing also hende.

RELIQL'1.E AXTIQU^. 243

The mest murthe that mon haveth here,
Wenne hoe is maked to his fere

In armes for to wende.
Hit is shome to blame levedi ;
For hem thou shalt gon sori,

Of londe ich Aville the sende."

" Nijtingale, thou havest Avrong,
Wolt thou me senden of this lond,

For ich holde with the rijtte,
I take witnesse of sire "Wawain,
That Jhesu Crist ^af mi^t and main,

And strengthe for to fi^tte,

So wide so he hevede i-gon,
Trewe ne founde he nevere non

Bi daye ne bi ni^tte.
Fowel, for thi false mouth,
Thi sawe shal ben wide couth,

I rede the fle with mi^tte.

Ich habbe leve to ben here,
In orchard and in erbere,

Mine songes for to singe ;
Herdi nevere bi no levedi,
Hote hendinese and curteysi,

And joye hy gunnen me bringe.

Of muchele murthe hy telleth me,
Fere, also I telle the,

Hy hveth in longinginge.
Fowel, thou sitest on hasel bou,
Thou lastest hem, thou havest wou,

Thi word shal wide springe.

Hit springeth wide, A^"el ich wot,
Hou tel hit him that hit not,

This sawes ne beth nout newe
Fowel, herkne to mi sawe,
Ich wile the telle of here lawe,

Thou ne kepest nout hem, I knowe.

Thenk on Constantines quene,
Foul wel hire semede fow and grene,

Hou sore hit son hire rewe :
Hoe fedde a crupel in hire bour,
And helede him with covertour,

Loke war wimmen ben trewe."

244 RELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE.

" Threstelkok, thou havest wrong,
Also I sugge one rai song,

And that men witeth wide ;
Hy beth bri^ttore ounder shawe,
Then the day, wenne hit dawe

In longe someres tide.

Come thou hevere in here londe,

Hy shulen don the in prisoun stronge,

And ther thou shalt abide.
The lesinges that thou havest maked,
Ther thou shalt hem forsake,

And shome the shal bitide."

" Ni^ttingale, thou seist thine wille,
Thou seist that wimmen shulen me spiile,

Datheit wo hit Avolde !
In holi bok hit is i-founde,
Hy bringeth moni mon to grounde,

That prude Averen and Ijolde.

Thenk oupon Saunsum the stronge,
Hou muchel is wif him dude to wronge,

Ich wot that hoe him solde.
Hit is that worste hord of pris,
That Jhesu makede in parais,

In tresour for to holde."

Tho seide the ni^ttingale,
" Fowel, Avel redi is thi tale,

Herkne to mi lore ;
Hit is flour that lasteth longe,
And mest i-herd in everi londe,

And loveHch ounder gore.

In the worlde nis non so goodleche,
So milde of thoute, so feir of speche,

To hele monnes sore :
Fowel, thou rewest al mi thohut,
Thou dost evele, ne semeth the nohut,

Ne do thou so nammore."

" Ni^tingale, thou art ounwis,
On hem to leggen so michel pris,

Thi mede shal ben lene ;
Among on houndret ne beth five,
Nouther of maidnes ne of wive,

That holdeth hem al clene.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE. 245

That hy ne wercheth wo in londe,
Other bringeth men to shonde,

And that is wei i-seene.
And they we sitten therfore to striven,
Bothe ofmadnes and of wive,

Soth ne seist thoii ene."

" O fowel, thi mouth the haveth i-shend,
Thoru wam wel al this world i-wend

Of a maide melce and milde ;
Of hire sprong that hoH bern,
That boren wes in Bedlehem,

And temeth al that is wilde.

Hoe ne weste of sunne ne of shame,
Marie wes ire ri^te name,

Crist hire i-shilde ;
Fowel for thi false sawe,
For beddi the this Avode shawe,

Thou fare into the filde."

" Ni^ttingale, I wes woed,
Other I couthe to luitel goed,

With the for to strive :
I suge that icham overcome,
Thoru hire that bar that holi some,

That soffrede woundes five.

Hi swerie bi his hoH name,
Ne shal I nevere suo-gen shame

Bi maidnes ne bi wive ;
Hout of this londe willi te,
Ne rechi nevere weder I fle,

Awai ich AviHe drive."

Hllll.

MORAL ADMONITIONS.

From MS. Lansd. 762, fol. 9, r», of the fifteentli century.

Thise heen the ix. answers which God gave to a certeyn
creture that desired to wit whate thinge was moost plesure to
hym in this worlde.

1. Yeve thy almes unto poorefolke whilest thowe livest, for
that pleaseth me more than thowe gavest a grete hill of golde
after thy deth.

246 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU-E.

2. Yeve out teres for thy synnys and for my passion, for
that pleaseih me more than tho\ve wepte for ■worldly thinges
as moch Avater as in the see.

3. SufFre noyious wordis A^ith a meke harte, for that pleas-
eth me more than thowe bete thy body with as many roddys
as growen in an hundred ^\"odys.

4. Meke thyself and breke thy slepe and yelde owte
preyers, for that pleaseth me more than thowesentest xij. men
of thyne owne coste to the Holy Lande.

5. Have corapassion the seeke and poore, for that pleaseth
me more than thowe fastesth fifty wynter brede and water.

6. Saye no bakbiting wordis, but shon from them, for that
pleaseth me more than thowe yedest barefote that men myght
folowe thye stappis of blode.

7. Love thy nayghber, and turne alle that he saithe or dothe
to good, for that pleaseth me more than yf thowe every daye
enspired to heven.

8. Whatesower thowe aske, aske it firste of God, for that
pleseth me more than yf my Moder and all the Saintes in
heven praied for the.

9. 3Ie onely love, and alle other for me, for that pleaseth
me more than yf thowe every daye goo upon a "\\hele stikking

fulle of na^-les that shulde prik thv bodv through.

Hllll.

LIST OF ERRORS CHARGED AGAINST THE
VAUDOIS IN THE FOURTEEXTH CEXTURY.

From MS. Cotton. Julius D, xi. fol. 84, r°. in a hand of the fourteenth

century.

Errores Valdensium.

Primus, quod ecclesia Romana est domus mendacii et a Deo

reprobata.
Itera, quod soli Deo est obedienduin.
Item, quod papa non habet tantam potestatem quantam sanctus

Petrus, nisi sit ita sanctus sicut sanctus Petrus.
Item, quod censura ecclesiee Romanae non est timenda, quia

ejus praelati non possunt aHquid solvere vel Hgare.
Itera, quod ordines Roraanae ecclesice non sunt a Deo sed a

traditione horainura.
Itera, quod niaU sacerdotes curiee Romanee non possunt co]i-

ficere corpus Christi, quare non est credendura, vene-

randum, et percipiendum ut tale.

RELIQUI,^: ANTIQU.E. 247

Item, quod etiam laicus de secta ipsorum potest conficere, imo

etiam mulier.
Item, quod non est nisi semel in anno conficiendum, modumque

netandissimum habent.
Item, quod ipsi sunt missi a Deo cum potestate apostolorum.
Item, quod ipsi possunt sine licentia cujuscunque preedicare.
Item, quod plus habet de auctoritate bonus laicus quam malus

sacerdos, quia quantum habet quis de bonitate tantum

habet de auctoritate.
Item, quod mere laici etiam conjugati de ipsorum secta possunt

confessiones audire.
Item, quod omne juramentum est peccatum mortale.
Item, quod omne mendacium peccatum mortale est.
Item, quod non est credendum purgatorium post hanc vitam.
Item, quod orationes, missse, elemosinee, et alia suffragia facta

pro defunctis, non valent, quia non sunt nisi propter

avaritiam inventa.
Item, quodnon ulla sunt vel fuerunt miracula in curia Romana.
Item, quod indulgentise summorum pontificum et ahorum

preelatornm nichil valent.
Item, quod sancti non audiunt orationes nostras, nec est ad

ipsos recurrendum.
Item, quod peregrinationes in nullo proficiunt.
Item, quod solus dies dominicus est feriandus, quia alia festa

sunt festicula.
Item, quod non est crucibus nec ymaginibus defferendum,

quia sunt ydola.
Item, quod sacramenta ecclesice propter qusestum sunt inventa,

et propter qusestum ministrantur.
Item, quod bonitas vel malitia ministrorum auget vel diminuit

virtutem sacramentorum.
Item, judicare hominem ad mortem quacunque de causa est

peccatum mortale.
Item, quod decimoe sacerdotibus Romanffi ecclesiae non sunt

persolvendse.
Item, quod ecclesia Romana ex invidia et malitia persequitur

ipsos, quia veritatem docent.
Item, quod nullus extra sectam ipsorum salvatur.
Item, decelando ipsos, quia ipsorum magistros detegere est in-

expiabile peccatum.
Item, quod non sunt dicendce orationes quarum actores

ignorantur.
Item, quod non est dicenda Ave Maria, quiaejus actor ignoratur.
Item, habent etiam inter se mixtum abhominabile, et perversa

docmata ad hoc apta, sed non reperitur quod abu-

tantur in partibus istis a muUis temporibus.

248 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

Item, in aliquibus aliis partibus apparet eis daemon sub specie
et figura cati, quem sub cauda sigillatim osculantur.

Item, in aliis partibus super unum baculum certo unguento
perunctum equitant, et ad loca assignata ubi volu-
erint congregantur inmomento dum volunt. Sedis-
ta in istis partibus non inveniuntur.

Wrt.

SONG OX WOMAN,

From MS. Lambetb, 306. fol. 135, of the fifteenth century.

> ^^"^ ^^^^^ Women, -svomen, love of ^^omen

^^yt ^ '' ^^ Make bare purs with some men.

• A^ /"/i^t^^ Some be n^-se as a nanne hene,

^'^'^'^^ f ^^ ^^^ ^ '^^^^ ^^ ^'^^ s° '

/c^ ^'^ y^ Some be lewde, some all be shreude,

^'^ C^yA-*/^^-^ Go schrevves Avherthei goo.

y^^tA>^ • Sum be nyse, and some be fonde,

And some be tame y undirstonde,
And some cane take brede of a manys honde ;
Yit all thei be nat so.

Some cane part A\'ithouteii hiro,
And some make bate in eviri chire,
And some cheke-mate withoute sire ;

Yit all they be nat so.
Some be lewde, and some be schreued ;

Go wher they go.

Some be browne, and some be whit,
And some be tender as accripe ;
And some of theym be chiry ripe ;

Yit all thei be not soo.
Sume be lewde, &c.

Some of them be treue of love,
Benethe the gerdelle, but nat above;
And in a hode above cane chove ;

Yit all thei do nat soo.
Some be lcAvde, &c.

Some cane whister, and some cane crie;
Some cane flater, and some cane Ive ;
And some can sette the moke awrie ;

Yit all thei do nat soo.
Sume be lewde, &c.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 249

He that made this songe full good,

Came of the northe and of the sothern blode,

And somewhat kyne to Robyn Hode ;

Yit all we be nat soo.
Some be lewde, &c.

Hllll.

TETRASTICHS.

From a collection of wooden fortune cards, of the time of Queen Elizabeth,

in the possession of Charles Babbage, Esq.

Thou art the hapiest man alyve,
For everye thinge dothe make the thryve ;
Yet ma}-e thy wyfFe thy maister bee,
Wherfor take thryfte and all fFor mee.

And he that reades thys verse even nowe
Maye hope to have a lowringe lowe,
Whose lookes are nothinge lyked soo badde,
As ys her tonge to make hym madde.

Aske thou thy wyffe yffe she can tell,
Whether thou in maryage hast spede well ;
And lett her speake as she dothe knowe,
For XX. pounde she wyll saye noo.

A wyffe that maryethe husbandes three,
Was never wyshede therto by mee ;
I wolde my wyffe sholde rather dvee,
Then for my deathe to wep or cryee.

IfF that a batcheler thou bee,
Kepe the soo style, be ruled by mee,
Leste that repentance, all to latte,
Rewarde the withe a broken patte.

[ff thou be younge then marye not yett,
Iff thou be olde thow haste more wytt ;
For younge mens wyves wyll not bee taught,
And olde mens wyves bee good for naught.

I shrowe hys hart that maryed mee,

My Avyffe and I canri never agree ;

A knavishe quenne by Jis I doo sweare,

The good mans bretche shee thinkes to were.

Receave thy hape as fortune sendethe,
But God yt ys that fortunne lendethe ;

2»

250 RELIQUI.« ANTIQU^.

Wherfore yff thow a shrewe hast gotte,

Thinke with thyselfe yt ys thy lotte.

Take upp thy fortune wythe good hape,
Wyth rytches thou doste fyle thy lappe ;
Yet lesse were better for thy store,
Thy quyetnes sholde be the more.

Thou haste a shrowe to thy good man,
Perhapes an unthryfte to ; what than 1
Kepe hym as longe as he cann lyve,
And at hys ende hys paseport geve.

Thou maist bee poore : and what for that ]
Howe yf thou hadest neither cape nor hatte 1
Thy mynde maye yet so quyet bee,
That thou maist wyne as much as iij.

Thys woman maye have husbandes fyve,
But never whilst shee ys alyve;
Yet dothe shee hoope soo well to spedde,
Geve upp thy hoope, yt shall not nedde

Him.

BURLESQUE RECEIPT.

From a copy of Caxton's Mirrour ofthe World, or th'ymage of the savie,
fol. Lond. 1481, in the King's Library in the British Museum, foL ult. v°,
written by some owner of the book in the year 1520.

A good medesyn yff a mayd have lost her inadened to
make her a mayd ageyn.

Yff a 3ong A^oman had a c. men take,

I can her ageyne a mayd make,

With a lytylle medesyne

That ys wertows frely fyne,

So that she wylle yt take.

She must be wondyrly ffed,

And leyd in an esy bed,

In a hot hows ;

She must be wondyrly fed and welle

Wythe good chekenys and giewell,

And wythe good fat swynys sowse ;

She must have i . . . ed and a lowse, (?)

Wyth the sownd of a belle

She must have the ney^yng of a mere.

REL1QUI.E ANTIQU.E. 251

And ix. li' of gnattys smere,

And do as I yow telle.

She raust have allso

The o\ll of a mjtys too,

With the kreke of a henne,

And the Ij^jthe of a glaweworme in the derke,

With ix. skyppys of a larke,

And the lanche of a wrenne,

She must have of the wyntyrs ny^lite

vij. myle of the mone-lych^

Fast knyt in a bladder ;

3e must medyl ther among

vij. Wellsshemens song,

And hang yt on a lader ;

She must have the left fot of an ele,

Wyth the krekynge of a cart-whele,

Wele hoylyd on a herdjll ;

3e must caste ther upon

The mary of a whe^stone,

And the lenthe of Juda^ gerdylle.

HlllL

VERSES.

From the copy of Caxton's Game of Chesse, fol. Lond. 1474, in the King'9
Library, in the British Museum ; written by John Wilsou, temp. Hen. VIL

In word and eke in dede
Obey thy livinge Lorde,
Him serve Avith feare and drede,
Namely Avhiche is thy God.
Within thy hearte and minde
Judge no evill of thy freinde ;
Love God with all thy hearte,
So shalte thou not fele the smarte
Of Goddes most cruell rodde ;
Never put thy truste from God.
Fi?iis, quod Willson.

Hllll.

POPULAR MAXIMS.

From MS. Lansd. 210, fol. 80, v», time of Mary.

The sayng of olde Houshendmen.

That the hasty or tymly souyng
Somtyme yt faylyth.

252 RELIQUI.E ANTIQUjE.

Butt to late sowyng

Seldom or never wyll prevyth.

Many a man wylle go bare,
And take moche kark and care,
And hard he wyll fare,

Alle the days of hys lyfe ;
And after comyth a knave,
The worst of a thrave,
And alle he shalle have
For weddyng of hys wyffe.

Hllll.

QUALITIES OF A GENTLEMAN.

From MS. Sloan. llo, fol. 55, v°, of the loth century.

In whom is trauthe, pettee, fredome, and hardynesse,
He is a man inheryte to gentyhnene.
Off thisse virtues iiij. who lakkyth iij.,
He aught never gentylmane called to be.

Hllll.

SONG.

From MS. Harl. 4294, of the fifteenth century.

He hathe myne hart everydele,

That cane love true, and kepe yt wele.

Sit amonges the knyghtes alle,
At te counselle but ye be calle,
And see and sey nott alle ;

Whatsoever ye thj-nk avyse ye wele.

In bo^^'er amonges the byrdes bryghte
Spare thy tong and spend thy syghte,

ace, be nott to lyghte;

Whatsoever, &c.

When thou goo to the nale,
Synge as a nyghtyngale ;
Beware to whom thou telle thy tale.
Whatsoever, &c.

Laughe never with no lewde crye,
Rage nott for no velonv,

rybaudry.

Whatsoever, &c.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQUjE. 253

And thow goo unto the wyne,
And thow thynk yt good and fyne,
Take thy leve whane yt ys tyme.
Whatsoever, &c.

With thy tong thou mayst thyselfe spylle,
And with tonge thou mayst have alle thy [wylle] ;
Her and se, and kepe the stylle.
Whatsoever, &c.

Hllll

THE HARROWIXG OF HELL.

Since I published an edition of this early miracle-play, I have discovered
another copy, of the time of Edward I., in MS. Digby, 86 ; and as the pro-
logue contains several variations from the other copies, it may with propriety
find a place in this collection.

Hou Jhesu Crist heroicede helle,
Of harde gates ich wille ielle.

Leve frend, nou beth stille,

Lesteth that ich tellen wille,

Ou Jhesu fader him bithoute,

And Adam hout of helle broute.

In helle was Adam and Eve,

That weren Jhesu Crist Avel leve;

And Seint Johan the Baptist,

That was newen Jhesu Crist ;

Davit the prophete and Abraham,

For the sunnes of Adem ;

And moni other holi mon,

Mo then ich ou tellen con ;

Till Jhesu fader nom fles and blod

Of the maiden Marie god,

And suth then Avas don ful michel some,

Bonden and beten and maked ful lome,

Tille that Gode Friday at non,

Thenne he was on rode i-don,

His honden from his body wonden,

Nit here mi^te hoe him shenden,

To helle sone he nom gate

Adam and Eve hout to take ;

Tho the he to helle cam,

Suche wordes he bigan.

Hllll

254 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

PRICES OF ARTICLES IN THE REIGN OF
ELIZABETH.

From the common-place book of Roger Columbell, of Darley Hall, Der-
byshire, Addit. MS. in Mus. Brit. No. 6702. Many of the entries are dated
in 1588.

Fol. 84.

Mem. that I payd Wyllam Halley, the xxxth daye of June,
1586, the last payment for my three new windoos about then
finished, 9^. Qd., and for the same worke I had delivered hym
before at severall tymes 31«. Scl., sothatfor thys worke I have
now payde hym hys dewe covenant, which Avas 40^., and '\]d.
more, wherof the towe great windoos be to be mesured by
foute, contayne 5 skore and one foute, Avhich weare at 3^. every
footejust 2.55. 3(7., and the litle window I take to be IStene
foute, -which wear 4^. 6«. to be hewen by greatt by lyke prise.

StufF bought at Darby agaynst my dawghter Tranthes
weddinge, God prosper hyr ! vid. the . . of September, 1587.

In primis, accteclothe of j. yerd. di. and d. q. . . . Yls. 6d.

It' IStene yards of hice prise 6s.

Ifdi. j.oz ofsylke Ud.

It' for 3 dosen buttons 9d.

It' j yard & di. of fustion 18o?.

Sume 26s. 9d.

It' for Peter, ij yards sylle rashe 6s. 8d.

For j dosen & di. of greate buttons for him. . . . ISd,

For half j. elne mockade for Tranthe 14c?.

For di. a yard of fustian 6d.

j qr. of taffata to lyne hyr pinions 6d.

For halfe one elne of lawne for her 3^. 3d.

For fringe & lace for a peticote 2^.

j. qr. & di. of fringe lace 5d.

That time spent 2d.

Summa \6s. '3d.
Summa totalis 43^.

For ij payre of Jersey hoose 13^. Ad.

For 4 elnes changable taffata for hyr gowne . . . .54^.

For lace, silke, and ffrindge for the same gowne . . 38^.

For fustian ij. yards & demv 2s. 6d.

Hoose ij payre 2s.

Crule ffringe and lace for my wyves peticote . . . 2^. Sd.

Silke lace for a peticote vid. 3 yards & di. . . . 2s. Sd.

2 yardes and 3 quarters changeable tofft tafata . . 27.S.

Lace and ffringe for her kirtle 2s. 6d.

A girdle and Mocbeado for their doerbodyes (?) . . 3*.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 255

fol. 85, vo.

for a cote and a dublet of lether made 1579.

Imp'. is for one yerd and iij. qr. brode cloth . . xvij^. 6d.

for 40ti yardes of lace 125.

for one oz. Spaynishe sylke ^s.

summa Sls. 6d.

IV for 10 yerds yelow lace that went to my lether

dublett 3s. M.

for 4 scaynes yelow sylke . , 6d.

for 3 dosen buttons 6c?.

for bumbast .12. and tafita 7d.

fol. 89.
1586. Reckned with Roger Ball, on Easter eve for hys
years wage now paste, which is xxvj^. Sd., wherof stopte upp
for the rent of hys howse and hys croft with 4 buttes in the
felde 4.?. Sd., and for hys other closes 14^., for haye in Darley
Pes Ss., for a strike of wheate 3.S., and for one day plowinge
lOf/. Sume 25.S., and now delivered hym 2s., so that he is now
4(7. in my dett.

fol. 91 .

A dewtye belonging of oulde tyme to the churches. Every
house payd at Easter for small tithinges ij.d. ob., one garden
peny, j. reeke penye, j. farthynge called a waxfarthinge, and
another called a chaddfarthinge, the Avaxfarthinge for lyght of
the aUer, the chaddfarthinge to hallow the fonte for christining
of children and for oyle and creame to anoyle sicke folkeswyth.

The parson had the garden penye for tythinge, and the
bisshophad the j.d. ob. Then the parsons charge was to fynde
bread and wyne to serve with at Easter of hys paserouU.
And the parishe by howserowe to fynde every sundaye in the
yeare j. penye white lofe for holye bread, and a halpeny for

wyne to recevve the Avith.

Wri.

SONG ON AN INCONSTANT MISTRESS.

From MS. Harl. 22.52, fo). 84, vo, of the time of Henry VIII.

O mestres whye
Owtecaste am I
All utteriy

From your plesaunce 1
Sythe ye and I,
Or this truly,
Famyliarly

Have had parlaunce.

256 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

And lo^^yngly
Ye wolde aply
My company

To my comforte ;
But now truly
Unlovyngly
Ye do deny

Me to resorte,

And me to see
As strange ye be,
As thowe tliat ye

Shuld nowe deny,
Or else possede
That nobylnes
To be doches

Of great Savoy.

But sythe that ye
So straunge will be
As toward me,

And ^^-yll not raedylle,
I truste percase
To fynde some grace,
To liave free chayse,

And spede as welle.

Hllll

THE PROVERBS OF HENDING.

Another copy of these curious proverbs (printed at p. 100 of the preseiit
volume,) is found in MS. Digby, 86. We give the commencement.

Heading the Hende.

Jhe>u Crist, all this worldes red,
That for oure sunnes wolde be ded
On that hoh rode tre,
He lete ous alle to ben wise
And enden in his servise,
Amen, per seinte charite.

Wit and wisdom lerneth ^erne,
And loke that no man other werne

To ben ful wis and hende ;
For betere were to ben wis,
Than to werren for and gris,

Were se mon shal ende.
' Wit and wisdom is god wareis,'
Quod Hendyng.

RELIQUI.« ANTIQUiE. 257

May no mon that is in londe,
For nothing that he con fonde,

Wonen at hom and spede
Fele thewes for to lere,
So he that haveth -^^ide were

Fouht in fele thede ;
' Also fele thedes also fele thewes,'
Quod Hending.

HUll.

TUTIVILLUS.

From MS. Douce, 104; on the last page of a fine MS. of Piers Plowman, of
the end of the fourteenth century.

Tutivilhis, the devjl of hell,

He wryteth har names, sothe to tel,

admissa extrahantes.
Beit wer be at tome for ay,
Than her to serve the devil to pay,

sic vana famulantes.
Thos women that sitteth the church about,
Thai beth al of the devehs rowte,

divina inpotentes.
But thai be stil, he wil ham quell,
With kene strokes draw hem to hell

ad patientiam flentes.
For his love that 30U der bojth,
Hold 30U stil, and fangel no^th,

sordem aperte deprecantes.
The blis of heventhan may ^e wyn,
God bryng us al to his in,

Amen semper dicentes.
Unde Beda. — Qui oscidafur mereiricem pulsat campanam
inferni.

Hllll.

FAITH AND REASON.

From MS. Bodl. G23, Uern. 2157, of the fifteeath century. See similar
verses atpp. 127, 205, of this volume.

Witt hath wonder, that reason ne can
Teile hougli mayde is moder and God is man ;
Lett be thi reason, lett be thy wonder ;
For feithe is above and reasoun is under.
2 H

258 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU.E.

Hoc inens ipsa stupet, quod non sua ratio cernet,
Quomodo virgo pia genetrix sit sancta Maria ;
Hac Deus almus liomo, sed credat ratio miro,
Namque fides superest cum perfida ratio subsit.

Bllll.

BALLAD ON SEEING HENRY VHL AND HIS
DAUGHTER DANCE.

From MS. Ashmole, 176, of thesixteenth century.

Ravysshed was I, that well was me,

0 Lord to me so fayne ;
To see that sight that I dyd see,

1 longe full sore ageyne.

I saw a kynge and a prynces

Daunsynge before my face,
Most lyke a God and a Goddesse,

I pray Christ save their grace !

This King to see, whom we have songe,

His vertues be right muche ;
But this piynces being so yonge,

There can be found none suche.

So facunde fayre she ys to see,

To her lyke ys none of her age ;
Withoute grace yt cannot be,

So yonge to be so sage.

This King to see with his fayre floure,

The mother standing bye ;
Yt dothe me good yet at this houre,

On them when that thinke I.

I pray Christ save father and mother,

And this yonge ladye fayre ;
And send her shortlye a brother,

To be Englandes righte heire.

Hllll.

SONG ON DEFERRING MARRIAGE.

From MS. Harl. 2252, fol. 84, v«, of the time of Henry VIII.

Som do entende

There yowthe for to spende,

Tyll hyt be at an ende,

Or they wyll mary ;

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 259

For they do haste pretend,
Fortune wyll do condyssend
There substance to amend
By a great lady.

But sche that hathe grete rente,
When there corage ys spente,
Wyll nothynge be contente,
With them to mary.

Tho that so do use

Of hys degree to muse,

T}^!! yowth do them refuse, —

They do oftyne varye.

Ye that hathe good substans,
Take ye one for your plesaunce,
Gentyll}' to have dalvaunce,

Wh^lys that your vowthe dothe tarv.

HUll. "

THE EVILS OF LEXDING.

From MS. Harl. 941, fol. 23, \°. of the time of Eclward IV.

I wold lene but I ne dare,
I have lant I will bewarre ;
When y lant y had a frynd,
When y hym asked he Avas unkynd :
Thus of my frynd y made my foo,
Therefore darre I lene no moo.
I pray yo of your gentihiesse
Report for no unkyndnesse.

THE MADMANS SONG.

From MS. Uodl. Oxon. 851, Bem. 3041, of the fifteenth century.

Be God and Saint Hillare,
Mi clerk was of il lare,
Wan he red hillar

Long in is pistil.
I swere be mi chatter,
I weld that Sis Allkar,
Rihte with hir ers bar

Had pist in this wistil.

I am a hert, I am no are,
Onys I fley, I wel no mare;
It is i-write in my hod,
That I am a swvere god.

260 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.S

I am an hare, I am non hert,

Onys I fley and let a fert;

3e mow se by my hod,

My hert is nowt, my hed is wod.

Hllll

PRIDE, ENVY, AND ANGER.

From MS. Harl. 957, fol. 27, v". of the fourteenth century.
Superhia.

Prid man I the forbede

If thou be god and feyr and wis,

Of wytte, of word, of thout, of ded,
Thank God, for al is his.

Invidia.

Envi for lak of al thinges

Even als it es delt in two ;
Of manslathtring haf na langinges,

Ne of his wel be thou noyt wo.

Ira.

Ire thou do out of thin hert,

That wirkis bat niht and day ;
If it beleve y t sal be that

Thou sal bathe fraist and fanday.

Hllll.

A CHARM TO FIND STOLEN GOODS.

From Henslowe's Diary in the Library of Dulwich CoUege, temp. Elizabeth.

To knoio wher a thinge is that is stolen.

Take vergine Avaxe and write upon yt " Jasper -\- Melchi-
sor-|- Balthasar -|-", and put yt under his head to whome the
good partayneth, and he shall knowe in his sleape wher the
thinge is become.

HlllL

THE TESTAMENT OF THE CHRISTIAN.

From MS. Lansd. 762, fol. 3, r». of the fifteenth century.

Terram terra tegat, Dsemon peccata resumat,
Mundus res habeat, spiritus alta petat.

Terram terra tegat.
Four poyntis my wille, or I hence departe,
Reason me movethe to make as I maye.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE, 261

First to the erthe I bequethe his parte,

My wretched carejn is but fowle claye,

Like than to hke, erthe in erthe to laye ;

Sith it is, according by it I wolle abide,

As for the first parte of my wille, that erthe erthe hide.

Dcemon peccata resumat.

Myne orrible synnes that so sore me bynde,

With weight me oppresse, that lyen so many fold,

So many in numbre, soo sondry in kynde,

The ffeende by his instaunce to theym made me bold;

From hym they come, to hym I yolde wolde ;

Wherfore the second parte of my wylle is thus,

That the fende receyve all my synnes as hj^s.

Mundus res hahet.

Whate availeth goodys, am I ones dede and roten ;

Them alle and some I leve, peny and pounde,

Truely or untruely, some I trowe mysgoten,

Though I wot not of whome, hoAve, nor in whate grounde ;

The worldis they been, them in the worlde I founde ;

And therfore the thirde parte is of my wille,

Alle my worldly goodes let the worlde have stille.

Spiritics alta petat.

Nowe for the fourth poynte, and than have I doo;
Nedefulle for the soule me thinketh to provide ;
Hence muste I nedes, but whother shalle I goo ?
I dowte my demeryttys which weyen on every side;
But Goddys mercy shall I truste to be my guyde,
Under whoes liecens yet while I maye breth,
Unto heven on high my soule I bequeth.

nmi.

METRICAL TREATISE ON DREAMS.

From MS. Harl. No. 2253, fol. 119, ro. of Ihe reign of Edward II.

Her comensez a bok of swevenyng,
That men meteth in slepyng ;
Thurth David hit y-founden ys,
That wes prophete of grete pris.
Tho he was in a cyte
Of Babyloyne, of grete pouste,
The princes him bysohten alle,
Bothe in toun ant in halle,
That he huere swevenes aredde,

262 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

That huem thohte a-nyht in bedde,
And undude huere swevenes ariht
Thurh the holi gostes myht.

Mon that bryddes syth slepynde,
Him is toward gret wynnynge.
Mon that meteth of lomb ant got,
That tokneth confort, God yt wot !
Mon that thuncheth he breketh armes,
That y-wis bytokneth harmes.
Mon that syth tren blowe ant bere,
Bitokneth wynnyng, ant no lere.
Mon that styth on tre an heh,
Gode tidynge him is neh.
Mon that syth the skywes clere,
Of somthing he worth y-boden here.
Mon that syth briddes cokkynde,
Of wraththe that is toknynge.
Mon that thuncheth him beste dryven,
His enimy wol with him striven.
Mon that of cartes met,
Of dede mon tidyng he het.
Mon that shet, ant bowe bent,
Of somthing he worth y-send.
Mon that met of broche ant ryng,
That bitokneth syker thyng.

Mon that broche other ryng for-lest,
He bith bitreyed alre nest.
Selver seon ant gold bryht,

That is weder cler ant lyht.

Eysil drynke ant bitre thyng,

Som serewe him is comyng.

Mon that to God doth offryng,

Of gladnesse hit is tydyng.

Mon in albe other cloth whit,

Of joie that is gret deht.

Armes y-sen ant eke bataille,

Hit is strif ant Avrake withoute faille.

Thilke that hath berd gret ant long,

He worth of power gret ant strong.

Mon that thuncheth is berd ys shave,

That bitokneth harm to have.

Armes habbe grete ant longe,

That is power ich onderstonde.

Armes habbe sherte ant lene,

That is feblesse ase at ene.

Gerlaund whose hath ant croune,

RELIQUI.E ANTlQUiE. 263

Forsoth him worth honour in toune.

Mon that sith the hevene undon,

To al the world hit is wycked won.

Buen y-shrud in gode clothe,

That is sykernesse ant counfort bothe.

Mon that wolde eriie, ah he ne may,

That is seknesse, parfay.

Tapres make, and condle lyhte,

That is joie, day ant nyhte.

Bokes rede other here reden,

That is tidyng of god deden.

Mon that is in lokyng,

Deceyte him is comyng.

With kyng speke other emperour,

That is dignete ant honour.

Heren symphayne, other harpe,

That bitokneth wordes sharpe.

3e that falleth toht other tweyn,

Thi nexte frendes shule deyn.

3et thou makest houses newe,

Joie ant bhsse the shal siwe.

3ef thin hous falleth mid the wowe,

The worth harm ant eken howe.

5ef thou ridest on hors whyt,

That is joie ant delyt.

Reed hors seon other ryden,

Gode tidinge that wol tiden.

On blac hors ryden other seon,

That wol hiere ant tuene buen.

Mon that meteth himself sek ys,

Of wommon accusynge that is.

That sith himself gomeninge and wod,

Bitokneth serewe ant no god.

With suerd other knif whose is smyte,

Of tuene he shal eft y-wyte.

Mon that thuncheth he hath feir face,

Bitokneth god ant fcir grace.

Mon that sith him in M'ater cler,

Of longe ly ve he worth her.

Blac whosse sith is oune face,

Him worth blame in uche place.

Water passen cler ant stille,

Bitokneth sikernesse ant wille.

In Avater thikke ant trouble buen,

Bytokneth bo deceyte ant tuen.

In diches falle grete ant deope,

264 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

From blame ne shal he him kepe.

In grete water ase Temese is throwe,

Evel toward he may trowe.

Mon that syth gret snow ant hayl,

Hit bitokneth gret travail.

With swerd other knyf fyhte,

That ys deceyte al aryhte.

Lombren suen other calf,

Bytokneth plente on uch half.

Mon that sith gestes come,

Y-wayted he is to buen y-nome.

Whose sith his fomon in baiaille,

Anguisse him tid withoute faille.

Lahtoun make ant to-delve,

Bytokneth joie to him selve.

Mon y-turned into beste,

That is Avraththe ant eke cheste.

Mon that sith is hous bernynde,

Ful gret peryl him is comynde.

Whose hym wossheth of cler water other welle,

Of joie ant wynnyng he shal telle.

That is hed is wyt whose meteth,

Gret by^ete hit bytokneth.

Whose thuncheth is hed is shave,

Strong hit is from luere him save.

Whose meteth is her is long,

He wroth of poer gret ant strong.

On whan houndes berketh fele,

Is fomon him foundeth tele.

3ef thou hast on newe shon,

Thou shalt joie underfon.

3ef the meteth thin shon beth olde,

In anguisse the worth y-holde.

3ef the meteth me wossheth thin heved,

Sunne ant peril the worth byreved.

3ef thou etest of thystles ^urne,

Thy fomon the freteth on uche hurne.

3yf thou sist two mone,

In pouste thou shalt waxe sone.

3ef the thuncheth thou sist the mone,

Shapen of hard the worth to done.

3ef the thuncheth thou y-bounden art,

Lattynge the worth strong ant smart.

3ef thou hast a bed of pris,

The worth a trewe wyf y-wis.

3ef thou sist the see ful cler,

RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE. 265

The is god toward ner ant ner.
3ef the see is yn tempeste,
The tid anguisse ant eke cheste.
Whose foule sith is honde,
He is fol of sunne ant shonde,
Whose meteth him lasse y-maked,
Of is power he byth aslaked.
3ef thou more ant more wext,
Of god poer thou slialt buen hext.
3ef mon thuncheth that he is wedded,
Longe he worth seek in bedde.
Mon that thuncheth he ded ys,
Newe hous and comfort shal buen his.
3ef thou with dede mon spext,
Muche joie the is next.
Whose thunchest himself adreint,
Of desturbaunce he bith ateint.
Whose briddes nest hath y-founde,
Good shal to him abounde.
3ef thou sist thyn havek flen,
In joie thou shalt Aveole y-sen.
Brudale other songes heren,
Bytokneth plente to alle feren,
3ef the thuncheth thou gest bare-fot,
Bytokneth serewe ant no god.
3ef the thuncheth thou takest veil,
Bitokneth joie, god, and eyl.
Tren with frut whose sith,
Bi^ete forsothe that byth.
Eyr mysty whose syth,
Desturbaunce that bith.
Of bestes him hated whose sith,
Luere of frend that byth.
Cartes urne whose sith,
Wraththe of frend that byth.
D[r]ynke eysil Avhose syth,
To sothe seknesse that bith.
Eryen lond whose him syth,
Travail for sothe that bith.
Berd shave whose syth,
Muche joie that bith

Armes other legges mis-turnd wose syth,
Langour ant mournyng that bith.
Croune underfbnge Avhose syth,
Heththe ant menske that byth.
Whit heved whose syth,
2 I

266 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU.C

Gret by^ete that byth.
Heved shave Avhose syth,
Wyte him wel decej^te that bith.
Hoimdes berkynde whose syth,
Proude von the speketh with.
AVith houndes biset whose him syth,
Tuene of enymis that bith.
Wosshen is heved wose syth,
Of sunne ant peril to-lyvred he byth.
Thistles eten whose him syth,
Evel speche of fon that byth.
Hevene y-le^ed wose syth,
Harm in huerte sothHche hit byth.
Urne feintKche Avhose him sith,
Seknesse that tokneth ant byth.
Caroles make ant condles lyhte,
That is joie ant murthe bryhte.
With maide wedded whose him syth,
Anguisse on soule mon saith that byth.
Mantel werie whose him sytht,
Confort ant joie that byth.
Whose the dede speketh wyth,
Fader other moder, whose hit bith,
Ase the Latyn seith y-wis,
That is muche joie ant bHs.
Casten drynke other mete,
That a mon hath, er y-ete,
Other with soster have to donne,
Other soster taken him to monne,
That is a bj^tokenyng
Of sunne ant of mournyng.
His teth falle whose syth,
Luere of frend ychot that byth.
Wong-teth blede ant tharewith falle,
Deth of cun we mowe calle.
Hous falle other berne whose syth,
Sclaundre ne may he wyten him wyth.
White hors ant rede habbe,
God tydynge Avithoute gabbe.
Wondrynde whose hym syth,
Mournyng that bytokneth ant byth.
Blake hors other falewe habbe,
Apeyrement, y nul nout gabbe.
Hymselve dronke whose syth,
Led drawen other swyn therwyth,
Feblesse of body that ilke byth.

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^. 267

Galded other seek whose hym syth,

Robbed other outlawed therwyth,

Wreynge ant gret blame that byth.

With yrne y-smite whose him syth,

Mournynge that ilke byth.

His face in water whose sytli,

Long lyf that ilke byth.

Ys face feyr whose syth,

Joie ant menske that ilke byth.

Ys face lodlych whose syth,

Bytoknyng of sunne that byth.

Water cler whose syth,

Bytoknyng of sykernesse that byth.

Water trouble whose syht,

Wreynge for sothe that ylke bith.

Wallen suen ant of hem drynke,

Other in house walle sprynge,

Joie ant bi^ete that is toknynge.

Water into hous y-bore whose sith,

Tocknynge of peril that byth.

Children bueren other habbe,

That is harm withoute gabbe.

Joie in swevenyng whose syth,

Mournyng that tokneth ant byth.

Mon y-turnd into beste,

He wraththed God atte leste.

Uncomely to bataille gon,

That is shome of is fon.

Whose thuncheth him in prisoun,

That is chalenge ant raunsoun.

Whose him thuncheth ben peint on bord,

That is long lif at lut word.

The mone blody other doun falle,

Travail ant peril me may calle.

Himself y-bounde Avhose may sen,

Other in swymmynge ben,

Other wycchen other weddyng,

That is travail other gret lattyng.

Sheren shep whose syth,

Sothliche harm that byth.

Whose wepeth in swevenyng,

Other meteth of cussyng,

Other pahTien may y-sen,

Joie ant bhsse that wol ben.

The sonne cler whose syth,

That bitokneth pes ant gryth.

268 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^

The sonne derk whose may se,

Peril of kynges that wol be.

The sonne reed whose syth,

Shedyng of blod that tokne byth.

Sterren of the hevene falle,

Gret bataille that is withalle.

Tueyn monen at eve y-sen,

Chaunge of kyng other prince that mai ben.

Thourne whose thuncheth he syth,

That beth grete wordes ant styth.

The erthe quaque whose may sen,

Harm to thilke stude wol ben.

Whose geth on hontyng,

That bytokneth purchasyng.

Whose thuncheth that he flyth,

Chaunge of stude that ilke bith.

Whose sith clothes bernynde,

Deceite is the bytoknynge.

Folle vesseles in house y-sen,

Plente that tokneth to ben.

Whose thuncheth he God sith,

Other out that to him biUht,

That, ase suggeth this clerkes,

Bytokneth gode werkes,

Somme seggeth hit is ylle,

Ant that be at Godes wille.

Gurdel wosshen whose syth,

Choste ychot that ylke byth.

Of alle swevenes that men metetht,

Day other nytht when hue slepetht,

No mon ne con that sothe thyng

Telle, bote the hevene kyng,

He us wyte an warde bo,

Ant ever shilde us from ur fo.

IVrt.

AN EPITAPH.

From MS. Lansd. 762, fol. 19, v«. fifteenth ceutury.

Farewele, my frendis, the tide abideth no man,
I am departed from hens, and so shall ye;
But in this passage the best song that I can,'
Is Requiem ceternam, nowe Jeshu graunte it me !
Whan I have ended all myn adversitie,
Graunte me in paradise to have a mancion,
That shed thv blode for mv redempcion. Amen !

Hllll.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 269

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF COUNTIES.

From MS. Harl. 7371. Hearne has printed a dififerent version from a
MS. in Rawlinson's Library, in the fifth volume of his edition of Leland's
Itinerary. We are indebted to the Rev. Joseph Hunter for our knowledge
of this copy.

Hervordschir, sliikl and sper;
Woseterschir, wringe per.
Glowseterschir, schow and naile ;
Bristowschir, schip and saile.
Oxenfordschir, gurd mare ;
Warwikschir, bind beare.
London, globber ;
Sothery, great bragger.
Schropschir, my schinnes ben scharpe,
Ley wood to the fir, and yef me my harpe.
Lankaschir, a fair archer ;
Cheschir, thacker.
Northumberlond, hastie and hot ;
Westmerlond, tot for sote !
Yorkeschir, fall of kni^tes ;
Lincolnschir, men full of mi^tes.
Cambridgeschir, full of pikes ;
Holland, full of dikes.
SufFolk, full of wiles ;
Norffolk, fuU of giles.
Essex, good huswives ;
Middelsex, full of strives.
Kent, as hot as fir ;
Sussex, full of mir.
Southampton, dire and wete ;
Somersetschir, good for whete.
Devinschir, mi^t and strong ;
Dorcetschir, will have no wrong.
Willschir, fair and plaine ;
Barkschir, fiU vaine.
Harvordschir, fuU of wood ;
Huntingdonschir, corne full good.
Bedfordschir, is not to lack ;
Buckinghamschir is his make.
Northampton, full of love,
Beneath the girdel, and not above,
Nottinghamschir, fuU of hoggys ;
Darbyschir, full of doggys.
Leicesterschir, full of benys ;

270 RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^.

StafFordscliir, full of slirewd quenys.
Cornewall, fuU of tyme ;
Wales, full of gentlemen.

Prohata sunt ista omnia.

Hllll.

THE SEVEN NAMES OF A PRISON.

From MS. Harl. 7626, fol. 35 ; of the fifteenth century.
Domus punicionis ista hahet hcec septem nomina.

Primum nomen istius prisone vocatur,

A place to bury men that be quyk,
Here to contenew with bred and watour,

iiij. att oones putt in oone pytt;

Here abydyng mercy telle tliey be quytt ;
Thus mane is browght downe into quorum,
To dwelle inn thys place sepulcrum vivorum.

Secundum nomen istius carcer hahet,
A place to ponyshe man for his trespas,

To remember hymselffe whyle he hathe brethe,
And dayly to labure for mercy and grace,
To God and hys adversary, duryng the space

That he abydythe here thus strayte under quorum,

In thys place namyd castigacio peccatorum.

Tercium nomen dahitur isto dungio,

Distruccion of mannys body, name, and credans ;
Hys honeste steynyd, and he replet with sorow and woo ;

Hys goodes disperpuled, and he broght to indigens ;

Hys wyffe redles, chyldren gydles, servauntes withdraw
hym fro ;
Wyth hunger thurste and cold hymselffe ponyshyd to quorum,
And for lacke of sewrte faste fetterd in destructio vivorum.

Quartum nomen at dicitar laquei istius,

Sethe cruelle wylle of every mannys adversary,

Here to ponyshe hym for dett or wrathe so malicious,
That here itt is herd to fynde so gud remedy,
As he shalle att large with labure and policy ;

Thus by cruelty man is kepte here under quorum,

Petyously in thys place, voluntas inimicorum.

Quintum nomen istius fovece ita prohatum,
A place of proff for man to knowe bothe frend and foo ;

RELIQUI.*: ANTIQU^. 271

Sum hold abacke, sum nott att home, and sum bethe owte a
towne,

Sum saye well, sum say ille, " why hath he gyd hjan soo ?

Lett hym shyfte and selle that he hath or ever that he goo".
Thus man is chast, lackyng sewrte, and putt under quorum,
He hath no frendes, the lengere abyd}i:h in prohacio amicorum.

Sextum nomen vocatur isiius turris,

A place for man to distribute his goode,

To content the cruellenesse of his grevos adversary,
And so iong to byde in prisone, that for lacke of foode
He muste be fayne to selle bothe gowne and hode ;

For lake of mony straytly kepte here under quorum,

Wastyng his goodes in thys place distributio honorum.

Septem nomen dahitur iste gaolo,

Lose of mannys tyme that heve is nott applyed,

The daye passyth, goodes wastithe, reintes dekeith allesoo ;
The nyght comethe, to truste our frende he is deceyved,
Dettours witholdyth, for to borow he is denyed ;

Thus dayly man leseth tyme, the term ys ahnoste doone,

God be owre socour, and us kepe fro perdicio temporum.

Jliesus.

O yee herttes hard, in welthe, eayse, and gretnes,
Remember welle thes vij. fold names of prisoune,

With pyte, almes, and charyte, prisoners to reles,

Be mercyfalle, agre, take parte, and sumwhat pardoone,
Disdeyne nott to help us, kepe you frome discencioune ;

A mane above is sone under by a draght of chekmate,

Alle you att large pray God ffor us that be here in Ludgate.

Explicit. Wottour Grevz.

Hllll.

GEOGRAPHY IN VERSE.

From MS. Bib. Reg. 13 D. I. fol. 287, v". of the fourteenth century.

Recapitulaiio omnium terrarum civitatumque tociics mandi.
Primo de Asia Anglice lingue.

This world ys delyd al on thre,
Asie, Affrike, and Europe.
Wole 30 now here of Asie,
How fele londes thereinne be.
He^tetene kynges londes
Ben in Asye the stronge ;

272 RELIQULE ANTIQU.E.

Of tho londes the sixe ben

By the occeane see,

India, Aracusia, Persia,

Assyria, Persis, and Media,

These alle stonden by that see.

Mesopotamia, Caldea, Siria,

Brabia, Bactria, Palestria,

Iberia, Phenesona, Scicia, Amazonia,

Albania, Hiriania, Alemannia,

Capadocia, Colcos, Asia, Scicilia,

The lasse Asia and the lond of Histria ;

These ben Prestere Johanes londes ;

On ys Fenicia, Egypte the more,

And Rubie, Tire, Sidonie,

The lond of of Macedonie,

Egypte the lasse, Ethiope,

Cirenen, and Cicie, Corizame,

Turia, Caldea, Frigida, Pamphilea,

Suria, and the lond of Judia :

These bene alle in Asya.

Iste sunt terre et civitates Affrice.

By that othere syde is Aufrike

Thereinne stondeth Nadabora,

Garamancia, Libia, Cirenen, Getulia,

Gropohtane, Cutense, Ganges, and Cicia,

Gotuhe and Minudia, Tingurie, Mauritania,

These stonden in Amona.

The ferreste londes that bene

By the est syde of AfFrike,

Dacie, Gepide, Humie, Hungrie, Arkadie,

Sciciona, Elladia, Tessalia, Partar, Akaia,

Ostabares, Ethma, Ariobares, and Mulcia,

Agrosetane, Carrase, Carmele, Hore, Arbanie,

Segor, Selboye, and TheocHter,

These ben alle ferre.

Parthi, Elaunte, Ferior, Penonie,

Sebore, and the Tyer cliter,

These londes bene ferthere.

Libertre, Cahcardania, Aschos, Samaria,

Parapones, Simbris, Cipher, and Tibris,

Mihtigate, Affrua, Solumbre, Curia,

Idapes, Hermenye, Turote, Valerie, Aleas,

Achaye, Septrie, and Multie,

These ben alle in Aufrike.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 273

Europa.

In Europe ben londes mo,
Ac hei ben lasse tlian tho,
Girtlonde, Russie, Huncrrie, and Sclavonie,
Pullane, Pugie, Linge, Hungrie, and Geptrie,
Bucedonie, Rodes, Cesilie, Saragunce,
Puille, Calabre, Romanie, Tharce,
Garum, Aquile, Tuscane, and Lombardie,
These ben londes swithe fre.
Lavenne, Campaigne, Burgoine,
Provence, Fraunce, Normendie,
Armowe, Britaigne, Burdeles,
Spayne, Galys, and Portyngale,
Murce, Cartage, Aragunce, Valace,
Baskle, Aragun, Xavare, and Ga^cogne,
Neburneis, Gutte, Fordane, and Champaine,
Beth alle by the suth est see.
On the North see on on
Stondeth Flaundres, and Braben,
Yanond, Sa.xone, Loerenne, and Snaide,
Alemaine, Denemarche, Norwey and Trace,
Venelond, Gutlond, Iselond, Grenelond,
Maydenelond, Hakeslond, Fryselond,
Goutlond, W\teri, Mai, and Scotlond,
Muref, Galeway, Orkeney, Man, Huitegale,
Yatis eke in the tale.

Northumberlond, Cumberlond, Westmerlond,
Coupelond, W^ales, and Engelond,
Cornewayle, Irlond, Colriche, and Iselond,
By the see sj-de of Irlond. Explicit.

Hllll

PROPERTIES OF GOOD WINE.

From the last leaf of MS. Reg. 1"2 D. XI, writteii early iu the fourteenth

century.

Ceo vin crut en croupe de mountaygne en ag...e du souleyl a.
deus doiz de peez dieu. L'nqe la vigne ou il cruist n'i fut semee
ne bechee ne crotee de marle, n'i ont porte si ly rusinole nen ly
porta en son beke, ou lessa choier en volant. En ceo vin ai
extendu .xx. lettres, ces sount treis .b.b.b., treis .c.c.c, treis
.s., treis .n. ; huit .ff. Les treis .b. signifient q'ilestbon, bel,
et blanc. Les treis .c. signifient q'il est court, cresp, et cler.
Les treis .s. signifient q'il est sein, sad, et saverouse, Les
treis .n. signifient q'il est net, nais, et natureus. Les vit .ff.
2k

274 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUjE.

signifient q'il est fin, fres, froit, fort, frick, flurant, freignant, et
furmente fort, come muson a blaunk moyn, raumpaunt come
esquirel, decendaunt cum foudre, poignant come aloyne de
cordwaner, il saut, il trop, il nait, il regne, il set ...ir lange de
leccher si come mue sus peron de ceo quart ne bevera pur moy

noun n ne beverez atten bon campagnon,

Wrt.

SONGS OF A PRISONER.

From the MS. Liber de Antiquh Legibus, of tlie thirteenth century, in
the possession of the Corporation of the city of London. Musical notes are
added in the origiual.

Ar ne kuthe ich sorghe non,
Nu ich mot manen nun mon,

Karful "wel sore ich syche ;
Geltles ihc sholye muchele schame,
Help God for thin swete name,

Kyng of hevene-riche,

Jesu Crist, sod God, sod man,

Loverd thu rew upon me,
Of prisun thar ich in am

Bring me ut and makye fre.

Ich and mine feren sume,

God Avot ich ne lyghe noct,
For othre habbet misnome,

Ben in thj^s prisun i-broct.

Al-micti, that wel Hcth,

of bale is hale and bote,
Hevene king, of this woning

ut us bringe mote,
Foryhef hem, the wykke men,

God ! yhef it is thi wille,
For wos gelt we bed i-pelt

in thos prsun hille.

Ne hope non to his live,
Her ne mai he bili ve,
Heghe theghhe stighe,

Ded him felled to grunde ;
Nu had man wele and bUsce,
Rathe he shal thar of misse,
Worldes wele mid y-wise

Ne lasted buten on stunde.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E. 275

Maiden, that bare the heven king,
Bisech thin sone, that swete thing,
That he habbe of hus rewsing,
And bring iis of this woning

For his muchele misse ;
He bring hus ut of this wo,
And hus tache werchen swo,
In thos live go wu sit go,
That we moten ey and o

Habben the eche bhsce.

HIUL

PRAISE OF WOMEN.

From MS.Harl. 4294, fol. penult.r^^of the fifteenth century.

I am as lyghte as any roe,

To preyse womene wher that I goo.

To onpreyse womene yt were a shame,
For a womane was thy dame ;
Owr blessyd lady beryth the name,
Of all womene wher that they goo.

A woman ys a worthy thyng,
They do the washe and do the wrynge,
"Lullay ! killay !" she dothe the synge,
And yet she hath bvit care and woo.

A womane ys Avorthy wyght,
She servyth a mane both daye and nyght ;
Therto she puttyth alle her myght ;
And yet she hathe but care and woo.

Hllll.

ON ANGRY PEOPLE.

From MS. Lansd. 762, of thefifteenthcentury.

Grete marvaile and wonder I have in my conceite,

Of thise maner people that sodenly wol be Avrothe,

Whether they have cawse or noon, for nothing woll they let ;

And specially with them that of their wrethe be not lothe,

Nowe truely tro I, that who redeththe sothe,

For their labour shall have but a mok,

And at last falle in agayne, like an olde ra\^e cok.

Hllll

276 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUJS.

THE LEGEND OF FURS^US.

From MS. Jun. No. 23, Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. fol. 48, r". The story of
Fursaeus is one of tlie oldest, if not the oldest, of the Western Purgatory
legends. Bede, in his Eccl. Hist. has given an abstract of it from the early
Latin account which is still preserved in dififerent manuscripts, and from
which the Anglo-Saxon account seems to be apretty close translation.

De visionibus Fursei.

Men, 'Sa leofestan Paulus se Apostol, ealra ]7eoda lareow,
awrat be hym sylfum, ]?0et lie Avsere ge-loed up to heofonum
o^^eet he becom to j^sere ];riddan heofonan, and he wees ge-leed
to neorxnawange, and ]>aer ]?a gastlican dygelnysse ge-hyrde
and ge-seah, ac he ne cydde na eor^licum mannum 'Sa 'Se he
ongean com hwset he ge-hyrde o^S^e ge-sawe, Sysum wordum
writende be him- sylfum : Scio hominem in Christo ante annos
quatuor-decem raptum usque ad tertium ccelum, et ccetera.
Quum raptus est in paradisum, et audivit archana verba quce
non licet homini loqui. "Saet is on Englisc, Ic wat ]70ne man
on Criste, ]7e waes ge-gripen nu for feowertyne gearum and
ge-laed o^Sa ]>riddan heofonan, and eft he wses ge-laed to neorx-
nawange, and ]7Eer ge-hyrde ]7a dygelan word "Se nan eordhc
man sprecan ne mot. Hu meta rEeda^S sume menn ]7a leasan
ge-setnysse 'Se he hataS Paulus ge-sihSe nu he sylf seede, ]?8et
he 'Sa dygelan word ge-hyrde \q, nan eor^Slic man sprecan ne
mot.

We wylla^S nu eow ge-reccan o^Sres mannes ge-syh^e, ]7e
unleas is nu se apostol Paulus his ge-syh^Se mannum ameldian
ne moste.

Sum Scyttisc preost waes ge-haten Furseus, se^el-boren for
worulde, arwurSes lifes, and ge-lyfed swy])e. He wses fram
cild-hade ge-laered on clsennysse wunigende, estful on mode,
lufigendlic on ge-syhSe, and on halgum msegnum daeghwamlic
]?eonde. 'Sa for-let he faeder and modor and magas, and on
o^rum earde sel^Seodig leornode. ^^Efter ]»ysum araerde mynster,
and ]78et mid aBwfeestum mannum ge-sette. Eft sefter fyrste ge-
timode him untrumnyss swa ]?aet he wear^S to for^S-srSe ge-broht.
•Sa ge-namon twegen englas his sawle, and fieogende mid hwi-
tum fi^er haman betwux him feredon. And an ]7ridda engel
fleah him 8et-foran,ge-wepnod mid hwitum scyldeandscinendum
swurde. ^Sa ];ry englas ge-licere beorhtnysse scinende weeron,
and ]78ere sawle Avundorhce wynsumnysse mid heora fi^Sera
swege on bel^eddon, and mid heora sanges dreame micelum ge-
gladodon. Hi sungon: Ihunt sancti de virtute in virtutem ;
videhitur Deus Deorum in Sion. Scet is on Englisc, ])a halgan

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.«. 277

fara^S fram mihte to mihte ; ealra Goda God byS ge-sequen
in Sion. ^a, ge-hyrde he eft o^erne sang swlyec uncu-Sne
manegra ]?usenda engla ]7us cweSende, Exierunt ohmam
Christo, 'Seet is, Hi eodon to-geanes Christe. Hwoet "Sa
an engel of "Sam uphcum werodum bebead ]?am ge-wsepnodan
engle j^e "Sa sawle ge-lsedde, jjaet hi eft hi ongean ge-lsedan
sceoldon to "Sam hchaman 'Se heo of ge-leed wses. 'Sa cwffi-S
se engel him to ]>e him on ■Sa sweSran hand fleah, " 'Su scealt
eft ]?inne lichaman underfon, and agifan Gode binre carfuhiysse
weorc and fremmincge." 'Sa cwgeS se halga Furseus, ]wt he
nokle his willes heora ge-ferrsedene for-laetan. Se engel him
andwyrde " ^fter ]?inre carfulnysse godre fremmincge, we
cuma-S eft to 'Se and ge-nima5 -Se to us." Hi "Sa sungon, and
seo sawul ne mihte undergytan hu heo on 'Sam lichaman eft
becom for ];fes dreames w^^nsumnysse. 'Sa betwux hancrede
Iseg se halga wer ge-edcucod mid rosenum hiwe ofergoten, and
|?a hcmenn ]?fer rihte his neb unwrugon. "Sa befran Furseus
hwi heora ge-hlyd swa mycel weere, o^^e hwEcs hi swa micchnn
wundrodon. Hi 'Sa andwyrdon and saedon, ]7£et he on efnunge
ge-wite, and ]>aet his Hc leege on flora ealle ]>a niht o^S hancred.
He ])a up ge-s8et,smeagende his ge-syh^Se, and het hine hushan.
and swa untrum leofode twegen dagas. Eft 'Sa on ]7£ere ]7rid-
dan nihte middan astrehte his handa on ge-bedum, and bli^Se
ge-wat of "Sisum ge-swincfulkim kfe. ^Sa comon eft Sa ]7ry fore-
seedon englas and hine ge-laeddon. Hwaet ]7a comon ]>a awyri-
gedan deoflu on atekcum hiwe ]>£ere sawle to-geanes, and heora
an cwse^S, " Uton for-standan hi foran mid ge-feohte." -Sa deoflu
feohtende scuton heora fyrgenan flan on-gean ]7a sawle. Ac ]7a
deoflioan flan wurdon ]?aerrihte eaUe adwsescte })urh ]78es ge-
wsepnodan engles gescyldnysse. "Sa englas cwaedon to ^Sam
awyrigedum gastum, " Hwi wylle ge lettan ure si^S-feet 1 Nis
J7es man dgel-nymend eowres for-Avyrdes 1" 'Sa wi-Serwinnan
cwaedon ]78et hit unrihtkc wsere, ]?8et se man J^e unriht ge-]>afode
sceolde butan wite to reste faran, ]>onne hit awriten is }>8et ]>a
beo^S eal swa scyldige 'Se 'Saet unriht ge-]>afia^ swa swa ]>a ])e
hit ge-wyrca^S." Se engel ]7a feaht ongean ]7a awyrigedan
gastas to San swy^e, ]7ajt 'Sam halgan were wses ge-^uht J^get
l>8es ge-feohtes hream, and ]78era deofla ge-hlyd mihte beon ge-
nyred geond eake eor^an. ^a deofla eft cwsedon, " Ydele spel-
lungahe beeode, ne sceal he un-ge-derod])8esecankfesbrucan."
Se halga engel cwae^, " Buton ge "Sa heafod-leahtras him on be-
fastnion, ne sceal he for "Sam Isessan losian." Se ealda Avre-
gere cwse^, " Buton ge for-gyfon mannum heora gyltas, ne
forgif^S se heofonkca fseder eow eowerc gykas." Se engel and-
wyrde, " On hwam awraec 'Ses mann his teonan ]" Se deofol
cwse^S, "Nis na awriten j^set hi wrecan ne sceolon ; ac buton ge

278 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^,

for-gifon of eowrum heortum wi^ eow agyltendum." Se engel
cwse^S : " Us bi^ ge-demed Eet-foran Gode." Se ealda sceocca
eft cwffi^. " Hit is awriten, buton ge beon swa bylewite on
unscse"S^egnysse swa swa cild, naebbe ge infeer to heofonan
rice." " "Sis bebod he nateshwon ne ge-fylde." Se Godes engel
hine beladode and cwee^, " Mildsunge he hnefde onhis heortan,
]?eah 'Se he manna ge-Avunan heolde." Se deofol andwyrde,
" Swa swa he ]76et yfel on 'Sam menniscum ge-wunan under-
feng, underfo he eac swa ]78et Avite fram ]?am upphcan deman."
Se halga engel cwae-S, " We beoS set-foran Gode ge-semde."
•Sa AviSerwinnan wurdon^Sa oferswiSde ]>urh ]?8es engles ge-winn
and ware. -Sa het se halga engel ]>one eadigan wer be-seon to
middan-earde. He ]>a be-heold underba^c and ge-seah swylce
an ]>eostorfull dene swi-Se ni^erlic, and ge-seah ]>8er feower or-
maete fyr atende, and se engel cwse^S him to, " "Sas feower fyr
ontendaS ealne middan-eard, and oneela^ ]?aera manna sawla
]7e heora fulluhtes andetnysse and behat \m\\ forgsegednysse
apapgdon. ■Sset an fyr ontent ]>aera manna sawla Se leasunga
lufdon. "Saet o^er, ]>8ere 'Se gytsunge fyligdon. Scet ]?ridde,
]78era ]>e ceaste and twy-raednysse styrodon. "Saet feor^Se fyr
ior-b8ern"S ]>aera manna sawla ]?e facn and arleasnysse beeodon.
"Sa ge-neal8ehte ]?8et fyr ]?am halgan were, and he sona afyrht
to "Sam engle cwse-S, " "Saet fyr ge-nealaec^ wi-S min." Se engel
andwyrde, " Ne byrn^S on 'Se ]>urh wite ]>8et ]>8et 'Su on life ne
onseldest ]nirh leahtras, •Seah -Se -Sis fyr egeshc si and mycel
beah hwa^dere hit onael^ selcne be his ge-wyhtum. Swa se
lichama by^ ontend ]7urh neadwis wite." Se ge-waepnoda engel
•Sa fleah him get-foran to-daelende ]?one Hg, and J^a o-Sre twegen
him flugon on twa healfa, and hine Avi-S ]78es fyres frecednysse
ge-scyldon. "Sa deoflu ]>a mid ge-feohte ongean ]>a sawle scu-
ton, and heora an to -Sam englum cwae^ : " Se ]7eowa "Se wat
his hlafordes willan, and nele hine ge-fremman, sceal beon ge-
witnod mid mycclum witum." Se halga engel befran, " Hwaet
ne fylde }>es man his hlafordes willan ?" Se sceocca and-
wyrde, " Hit is awriten, ]78et se healica God hateS unriht-
wisra gyfe. He haefde ge-numen lytle ser sumne cla^ aet anum
sweltendum menn." "Sa cwce^ se engel, " He ge-lyfde ]7aet
ge-hwylc "Se him aenige gyfe sealde behreowsunge on life ge-
dyde." Se deofol andwyrde, " ^rest he sceolde heora daedl
bote afandian, and sySSan heora sylene underfon." Se engel
andwyrde, " Ijton sceotan to Godes dome." Se awyrigeda
gast andwyrde, " God ge-cwae^S, ]>aet eelc syn \e naere ofer eor-
"San ge-bet, sceolde beon on "Syssere worulde ge-demed. 'Ses
man ne ge-claensode hys synna on eor^San, ne her nan wite ne
underfehg-S. Hwar is nu Godes rihtwisnyss V Se engel hi
]>reade and cweeS, " Ne taelege for-]ian ^e ge nyton Godes

RELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE. 279

diglan domes." Se deofol andwyrde, " Hwget is her ge-
diglod?" Se engel cwa?"S, " ^-Efre byS Godes mildheort-
nys mid ■Sam menn ]7a while ]>seT bjS ge-wened senig be-
hreowsung." Se deofol andwyrde, " Nis nu his tima to be-
hreowsigenne on -Sissere stowe." Se engel andwyrde, " Xyte
ge "Sa miclan deopnysse Godes ge-ryne Aveald |?eah him beo
alyfed gyt be hreowsung." ^a cwk^S sum oSer deofol, " Hit is
awriten, lufa ]?inne nextan swa swa 'Se sylfne." Se engel
andwyrde, " Ses wer dyde god his nextan." Se wiSerwinna
andwyrde, " Nis na ge-noh ]>set man his nextan god do, buton
he hine lufige swa swa hine silfne." Se halga engel andwyrde,
" "Sa godan d^eda synd geswutulunga ]7are so^an lufe, and God
forgylt aelcum menn be his da^dum." Hwttt se deofol Sa mid
hospe cwse^, "-Ses mann behet |?a3t he wolde ealle woruld-]?ing
forlsetan, and he sySSan lufode woruld-]?ing on-gean his behat,
and ongean Sfces apostoles bebode ]>e ]?us cwse-S, Ne lufige ge
]?isne middan-eard ne "Sa ]>ing ^e on middan-earde synd." Se
halga engel andwyrde, " Ne lufode he woruldlice aehta for his
neode anum, ac to daelenne eallum weedligendum." Se ealda
wregere eft cwEe^, " Hit is awriten, buton ]>\i gestande ]7one
unrihtwisan, and him his unrihtwisnysse secge, ic of-ga his
blodes gyte eet ]7inum handum. 'Saes man nolde cy^an bam
syngiendum heora synna." Se engel cwEe-S, " Hit is awntten
be -Sam yfelan tyman, ]>?et se snotera sceal suwian ]7onne he ge-
syh^, ])sei seo bsedung nsefS n?enne forSgang." On eallum ^y-
sum ge-flitum wses ]78era deofla ge-feoht swy^e stySlic ongan
]?a sawle, and ]?a halgan englas, oS^eet ]?uruh Godes dom ]>a.
wi^erwinnan wurdon ge-scylde, and se halga Aver ^a \^'earS
mid ormsetum leohte befangen. -Sa beseah he up, and ge-seah
feala engla Averod on mycelre beorhtnysse scinende, and ]7aera
halgena sawla wi^S his fleogende mid unasecgendlicum leohte,
and afligdon ]?a deoflu him fram, and ]7ses fyres ogan him fram
adydon. ^a ge-cneoAv he betwux ];am halgum twegen arwur^Se
sacerdas, ]?e ser on life wEeron his landes menn swySe namcu^e.
Hi "Sa ge-nealffihton, and him cuSlice to sprsecon ; an J^ara
hatte Beanus, oSer Meldanus. 'Sa^r wear^S ]>q. ge-worden mycel
smyltnys ]?sere heofonan, and twegen englas flugon swylce
]?urh ane duru into ]7sere heofonan, and J^a sloh ]?ser mycel leoht
ut aefter ]7am englum, and wses ge-lwred feower engla Aveoroda
sang, ];us cweSende, Sancfus, Sanctus, Sanctus Dominus Deus
Sabaoth. Sa ssede se engel ]?am eadigan were, ]?ffit se dream
wsere of Sam uplicum werode, and het hine georne Sses heo-
fonlican sanges hlyftan, and cwseS, " SoSlice on -Sisum heofon-
licum rice ne becymS nsefre unrotnyss buton for manna lyre,"
Eft "Sa comon fleogende of Ssere heofonlican digelnysse englas,
and cyddon ]?set he sccolde eft to worulde ge-cyrran. Furseus

280 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

■Sa wear^S ]?urh ]?as bodunge ablicged, and ]?a twegen fore-
saedan sacerdas abaedon set ]?am englum ]>set lii moston hine
ge-sprecan, and cwsedon him to, '• Hwees ondrsest ^'U 'Se
anes daeges fsereld ]?u hsefst to si^icnne V Furseus ]7a befran,
" be ge-endunge ]>yses middan-eardes " Hi cwaedon, •' ne
by^ se ge-endung ])yssere worulde na gyt, -Seah -Se heo ge-
hende sy, ac mancynn byS ge-swenct mid hungre and mid
cwealme ; Surh feower ]>ing losiaS manna sawla, paet is ]7urh
leahtras, and ])urh deofles tihtinge, and ]»urh lareowa gyme-
leaste, and ^'urh yfele ge-lysnunge unrihtwisra heafod-manna.
Ofer ])am lareowum is Godes yrre swy^ost astyrod, for]?an ^e
hi for-gymeleaseaS ]?a godcundan bec, and ymbe ]>a woruld-
J^ing eallunga hogiaS, bisceopum and sacerdum ge-dafena^S,
baet hi heora lare gymon and ]7am folce heora ]jearfe secgan.
Mynster-mannum ge-dafena^ ]?aet hi heora lare gymon, and ^am
folce heora lif on stilnysse adreogan. "Su so^lice cyS ]?ine
ge-sih"Se on middan-earde, and beo hwil-tidum on digelnysse
and hwil-tidum betwux mannum. "Sonne ]>u on digelnj-sse
beo heald, ]»onne georne Godes beboda, and eft ]?onne ]>u ut
faerst betwux mannum far for heora sawle ha^lu na for weoruld-
licum ge-streone. Ne beo Sucarful embe woruldHce ge-streon,
ac miltsa ealkim 'Sinum wiSer-winnum mid hlutre heortan,
and agild god for yfele and ge-bide for Sinum feondum. Beo
]7U swaswa getriwe dihtnere,andnan ]7ing]»e nege-ahnige buton
bigleofan andscrude. Afed ]>inne Uchaman mid alyfedum met-
tum, and aelc yfel for-seoh." ^fter ]>3-sum mynegungum, and
menigfealdum oSrum larum, ge-wende eall ]7aet heofonHce werod
upp to J?am heofonhcum]7rymme, andj^atwegen sacerdasBeanus
and Meldanus samod. Furseus soSlice mid ]>am ]>rim englum
ge-Avende to eor^an. Hi becomon ])a eft to Sam witnigendlicum
fyre, and se ge-wepnodaengel ryde him weg ]>urh ]>aet fyr,to-dae-
lende ]?one lig on emp twa. Hwaet Sa deoflu J^a scuton of -Sam
fyre, and awurpon ane unrihtwise sawle byrnende uppon ]>one
eadigan wer Furseum, swa Sffit his sculdor and his hleor wur-
don, ontende mid witnigendUcum fyre. Furseus sona oncneow
l>a sawle se waes his tun-man aer on Ufe, and he ge-nam aet his
lice sumne cla^ swa swa we lytle eow saedon. "Sa englas 'pa.
ge-laehton ]?a sawle, and awurpon into "Sam fyre. Jja cwae-S
sum ];aera deofla, " swa swa ]>u aer under-fenge his god, swa
"Su scealt beon his even-hlytta on his witum." Godes engel
andwyrde, " Ne under-feng he his ]>ing for nanre gytsunge,
ac for his sawle alysednysse," and ]>at f}^ sona ge-swac. -Sa
cwae-S se Godes engel to ]>am were Furseum, "]>xt ]jaet }?u
sylf on-aeldest J^aet barn on ^e. Gif Su ne under-fenge Syses
synfullan mannes reaf aet his for^-siSe, ne mihte his wite 'Se de-
rian. Boda nu ealkim mannum daedbote to donne, and andet-

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.i:. 281

nysse to sacerdum, o^Sa endenextan tide heora lifes, ac swa
"Seah nis to under-fonne nanes synfulles mannes sehta on his
ge-endunge, ne his lic ne sy on haligre stowe be-byrged, ac bco
him ge-seed aer he ge-wite ]?a teartan witu ]7cet his heorte mid
]?a3re biternysse beo ge-hrepod, jJEet he eft mage £et sumon ssele
beon ge-clensod, gif hehisunrihtwisnyssehuru on his for^S-si-Se
behreowsa^S and ge-nihtsumhce daelS. Ne under-fo se sacerd
swa ]?eah nan ];ing baes synfullan mannes eehta, ac hi man daele
]>earfum aet his byrgene." ^fter Syssere spraece comon "Sa
englas mid }?[ere sawle, and ge-saeton uppon '^xve c^Tcan hrofe
]>seT ]7aet lic leeg mid mannum beset, and ]?a englas heton hine
oncnawan his agene hchaman, and hine eft under-fon. Furseus
}?a beseah to his lichaman swylce to uncuSum hreafe, and
nolde him ge-nealffican. Se halga engel cwaeS, " Hwi onscunast
J7U to under-fonne Sysne hchaman, "Sone ]7e Su miht butan leahtre
heonon for^ habban. SoShce ]?u oferswySdest on ■Syssere
ge-drefednysse, ]?a unalyfedlican lustas ])aet he heononfor^ on-
gean 'Se naht ne magon." 'Sa ge-seah he opnian his Hchaman
under ])am breoste, and se engel him cwae^ to " Sonne };u ge-
edcucod byst,ofergeot J^ine lichaman mid fant-waetere, and pu.
ne ge-fredest nane sarnysse buion ];am baernytte Se "Su on ]7am
fyre ge-laehtest. Do wel on eallum ]7inum Hfe, and we si^S-San
eefter ]7inum wel-daedum bh^ne ■Se eft genima-S to us." Se
halga wev Furseus aras ];a of deaSe o]?re sij^e, and ge-seah him
onbutan mycele meniu laewedra manna and ge-hadodra, and mid
mycelre geomrunge heord mennisce anginn and dysig bemaende.
He ge-saet ]?a, and saede be endebyrdnysse ealle his ge-syhSe "pe
him }>urh Godes englas on ]?aere hwile ge-swutelod ^waes. He
wearS begoten mid fant-waetere swa swa se engel het, wes
}>eah ]7aet baernet ]>e he ge-laehte set ]?am unrihtwisum were on
his sculdre, and on ansyne aefre ge-sewen. Mycel wundor }»aet
hit wear-S ge-syne on |)am hchaman ]7aet ]>sct seo sawul ana
under-feng. He ferde Sa geond ealle Yrland, bodiende };a "Sing
])e he ge-seah and ge-h}Tde, and waes mid Godes gyfe wun-
derlice afylled, nanes eorSlices ]7inges wilnigende. Eallum
godum mannum he wses lufigendHc, unrihtwisum and synfullum
egesHc, on godcundum wundrum he scean and aflygde deoflu
fram ofsettum mannum, and }?earfan ge-hyrte. Ferde }7a twelf
gear swa bodiende betwux Yrum and Sceottum, and sy^^an
ofer eaH Angel-cynn, and eac sum mynster on ^ysum iglande
araerde. AVende syS^an su^ ofer sse to Francena rice, and
l»aer mid mycelre arwur Snysse under-fangen waes, and mjmster-
lif arserde. 'Sa Eefter lytkim wear^ he ge-un-trumod and ge-
wat to heofonanrice, to ^aere ecan myrh^e ]>e he aer ge-seah,
on ]?aere he leofaS ge-SccHg symle mid Gode. Amen.
2 L

282 REHQUIiE ANTIQU^.

His lic wear^S bebyrged mid mycelre arwurSnysse, and eft
embe feower gear ansund butan ge-wemmedlicre brosnunge on
o^re stowe bebyrged. 'Sser beo^S a^towde his ge-earnunga ]7urh
wundra j^am -^lmihtigum to lofe, se ]?e is ealra leoda waldend.

Wri.

THE CREED, PATERNOSTER, &c.

From MS. in the Library of Caius College, Cambridge, of the thirleenth
century. This and the following article were kindly communicated by the
Rev. J. J. Smith, M. A. fellow and tutor of Caius CoIIege.

Credo. Ich i-leve in God, fader almightinde, scheppare of
hevene ant eerthe, aant in Jhesu Crist oure meneliche loverd,
that kenned is of ]7en holigost, y-boren of ]?en mayden Marie,
y-pined under Ponce Pilate, oon rode y-don, det ^ i-bured,
ah^ste intho helle, ]?ene bridde day aroos of det, astehey
into hevene, sij> on his fader rith half Goddes alweldinde,
]7enene is cominde tho demene quike ^ ]7e deede ; hic hleve in
j^e Hohgost, holie chirche, tieradene(]) of haluuen, forui^fnesse
of sinnen, arysnesse of flesse, ^ eche lif. So bee hit, ]7at is,
Amen.

Pater noster. Fader oure ]7at art in heve, i-halgeed bee ]?i
nome, i-cume ]?i kinereiche, y-worthe }?i wylle also is in hevene
so be on erthe, oure iche-dayes-bred gif us to-day, ^ forgif us
oure gultes, also we forgifet oure gultare, ^ ne led ows nowth
into fondingge, auth ales ows of harme. So be hit.

Ave Maria. Hayl Marie, fol of milce, God is mit the, ]7U
blessede among wymmen, i-blessed be frut of ];ine wumbe. So
be hit,

In manus tuas. On ]7ine hondes hich breethe (or biteche)
mine gost, ]?u me bowjtest, loverd of sothnesse.

HYMN ON THE EVANGELISTS.

From MS. No. 44, in the library of Caius College, Cambridge. In the
MS. each stanza forms a single line. It is accompanied with musical notes.

Laus devota mente,
Choro concinente,

Christo sit cum gloria \
Qui evangehstas,
Veri dogmatistas,

insignivit gratia.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^. 283

Quique suo more
Lucem et fulgore

dat per orbis climata,
Tales clum elegit,
Per quos jam subegit

haereses et schismata.

Hii bis bini fontes,
Valles atque montes

irrigantes flumine,
Orti paradiso
Mundum indiviso

illustrantes famine,

IUos per bis bina
Visio divina

singnat animalia,
A quibus dum visa,
Formis tunc divisa,

gestu sed aequaUa.

Pennis decorata,
Terris elevata,

cum rotis euntia,
Facie serena,
Oculorum plena,

virbi Dei nuncia,

In his possunt cerni
AnuH quaterni

quibus archa vehitur,
Quibus dogma sanura
Per Samaritanum

circumquaque seritur.

Et ali quasi plaustro
Mulier ab austro

Salomonem adiit;
In hac seu quadriga
Angnus est auriga,

qui pro nobis obiit.

Istis in his bis binis
Capud est et finis

Christus complens omnia.
Horum documentis,
Horum instrumentis,

floret, stat, ecclesia.

284 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

Ad eorum laudem
Caveamus fraudem,

immo quscque vitia ;
Horum ut doctrina
Virtus nos divina

ducat ad ccelestia. Amen.

TOPOGRAPHICAL NOTES.

MS. Arundel, in the CoUege of Arms, No- 50, fol. 214, r". of the beginning
of thefourteenth century, formerly belonging to the Abbey of Bury.

Longitudo aulffi Westmonaster. est .cc. Ixx. pedes; latitudo,

.Ixxiiij. °'' ped.
Longitudo aulse archiepiscopi Ebor. apud Ebor. vj. "^^ .ij. ped.;

latitudo, Ixxvj. ped.
Longitudo aulce in castello apud Novum Castellum, .v. ^^ .v.

ped.; latitudo, xlviij. ped.
Latitudo claustri Dunelm. vi. '"'. xviij. ped . > praeter
Inter columpnas et murum. xiiij. °^ ped . . .S bancum
Latitudo aulEe hospitum ibidem, Iv, ped.; longitudo, .iiij. '"'

viij ped.
Latitudo claustri Sancti Eadmundi, vij. "'' v. ped.> prseter

Inter columpnas et murum. xiiij. °^ ped 5 bancos.

On the verso of the same folio.
Nomina quarumdam aquarum decurrentium per quasdam

villas famosas in partibus boreaHbus.
Twede currit descendendo a Norham usque Werewiche inter

Angliam et Scotiam.
Thille incipit in monte de Chiviot et in citerioribus ejus par-

tibus et paulatim se recolligendo, et juxta Wlhorepund

alveum faciendo decurrit in Twede subter(]) Norham.
Choket currit apud Feltone, et non longe inde ubi est castellum

de Werkwrthe decurrit in mare, et ibi in insula Coket

dicta per unum milliare a terra distante est cella una

pertinens ad abbatem Sancti Albani, et habet tantum

duos monachos.
Apud Alnewiche currit Alne.
Apud Morpa currit Wanspicht
Circa prioratum Dunehniee currit Wer.
Ad Novum Castellum currit Thine.
In principio libertatis Sancti Cuthberti currit Theyse.
Item parum citra currit Swale.
Apud Chestre currit Stanleburne.
Apud Alvertone currit
Apud Thrusly currit Wradewathe.

RELIQUI.E AKTIQU.E. 285

Apud Thadcastre currit Hwerp.

Apud Aberford currit Coket.

Apud Sandale currit Keluir.

Apud Donecastre currit Done.

Apud Rosintone Thorne

Apud Bautre et Rathforde Nele.

Apud Ebor. Use, quse quondara Jior(?) dicebatur, a quo

etiam dicitur Jiorke, id est Jior hooe.
Apud Wlhore, Glend.
Apud Boweltone, Bremiz.
Apud Pontem de Burche Intpihot (1)
Apud Newewerche, Dunham, et Thorkegeye, Trente.
Apud Lincolne, Withine.
Apud Wetherbv, Idele. (?)

Wri.

OLD SUPERSTITIONS.

From the Psenetential of Bartholomew Iscanus, bishop of Exeter, 1 161 —
1186. MS. Cotton. Faustina, A. VIII. fol. 32.

Qui alieni lactis vel meUis vel cseterarum rerum habundantiam
aliqua incantatione vel maleficio auferre et sibi adquirere
nisus fuerit.

Qui dsemonis illusione decepti creduntur et profitentur se in
famulatu ipsius quam vulgus insipiens Herodiadem vel Dia-
nam vocant, et cum innumera muUiludine ire vel equitare, et
ejus jussis obedire.

Qui mensam prteparavit cum tribus cultellis in famulatum
personarum, ut ibi nascentibus bona prsedestinent.

Qui votum fecerit ad arborem vel aquam, vel ad quamlibet rem
nisi ad ecclesiam.

Qui kalendas Januarii ritu paganorum futura maleficiis inqui-
rendo obstruant, vel ipsa die opera incipit ut quasi melius
nullo anno prosperentur.

Qui ligaturas vel incantationes et varias fascinationes cum
maleficio carminibus faciunt, et in herba vel in arbore vel
in bivio abscondunt, ut sua animaHa a clade Uberentur.

Qui fihum suum super tectum aut in fornace posuerit pro
sanitate recuperandi, vel propte rhoc carminibus vel carac-
teribus vel figmento sortilcgo vel ahqua arte, et non divinis
orationibus seu liberah arte medicincC usus fuerit.

286 RELlQUlJi: ANTIQU^.

Qui in colligendis herbis medicinalibus aliquod carmen dixerit
excepto divino, s. Pater Noster et Credo in Deum, et hujus-
modi.

Qui observat in lanificiis vel tincturis vel ceeteris operibus car-
mina vel sortilegas impositiones, ut per hsec proficiat, vel
interducit ignem aut ahquid tale de domo sua ferre ne foetus
sui pereant.

Qui de funere alicujus mortui vel de ejus corpore vel de vesti-
mentis divinationes exercet, ne mortui vindicentur aut in
ipsa domo alter non moriatur, aut per hsec aliquem profectum
aut salutem adquirat.

Qui in festo Sancti Johannis Baptistee aliquam sortilegam
operationem ad inquirenda futura fecerit.

Qui corniculEB vel corvi cantu vel obviatione presbyteri vel
alicujus animalis aliquod prosperum seu adversum evenire
crediderit.

Qui inhorreum vel cellarium arcum vel ahquod tale projecerit,

unde diaboli ludere debeant quos faunos vocant, ut plus

afFerant.
Qui in visitatione inflrmi eundo vel redeundo aUcujus petrse

motione vel quolibet aUo signo aUquam conjecturam boni seu

mali concipit.

Qui masculam vel feminam in lupinam effigiem ahcujus ani-
mahs transformari posse crediderit.

Qui vestigia christianorum observarerit et cespitem inde tol-
lendo vocem [nocere] ahcui posse crediderit.

ex concil. Agathensi.

Perquirendum est si ahqua femina sit quae per qusedam
maleficia et incantationes mentes hominum se immutare
posse dicat, i. ut de odio in amorem, aut de amore in odium
convertat, aut ut bona hominum aut dampnet aut surripiat.
Et si aUqua^est quee dicat se cum da^monum turba in simi-
litudine muKerum transformatam certis noctibus equitare
super quasdam bestias et in eorum consortio annumeratam
esse. Hsec tahs omni modo scopis correcta ex parrochia
ejiciatur.

Wrt.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE.

287

MEMORIAL VERSES.

From MS. Lansd. 762. fol. 99, x". of the time of Hen. vij.

Si doceas stultum, Isetum non dat tibi vultum,
Odit te multum, vellet te scire sepultum.
Pulcrum promissum stultum facit esse gavisum.
Hedera mustelae sum compulit arboris ire.
Mente quidem Igeta decoratur florida vita.
Si tibi deficient medici, medici tibi fient
Hsec tria, mens laeta, labor, et moderata dieta.
Sit puer ad poenam princeps, ad preemia velox,
Et doleat quociens cogitur esse ferox.
Non deheni plus pi nunc ad jejunia cogi.
In thise wovdis ^jliis pi been conteyned,
Those persones that to faste are not bounde ;
By the firste .p. pueri been retayned,
L. for languentes that in prison been confounded,
V. for vagantes, .s. for senes doth redounde,
P. to pregnantes,'to wymen it dooth pertayne,
I. for infirmi, that sikenes sufFryng payne.
En Orientales horas docet umbra diales.
Non, homo, laeteris, tibi copia si fluat seris ;
Hic non semper eris, memor esto quod morieris,
Est Johannes anus, Lucus vitulus, leo Marcus,
Est homo Matheus, quatuor isti Deus.
Tu dixisti de corpore Christi, crede et habes,
De palefrido sic tibi scribo, crede et habes.
Currere cogit equum sub milite calcar acutum,
Sic puerum studio virga vacare suo.
Post matutinas si tu vis bibere, bibas
Vinum praeclarum, hoc docet regula Sarum.
Tangere qui gaudes meretricem, qualiter audes
Manibus pollutis regem palpare solutis.
Unde superbit homo, cujus conceptio culpa,
Nasci poena, labor vita, necesse mori.

Saraceni. Judeei.

Ector, Alex., Julius ; David, Josue, Machabseus ;

Cristiani.
Artur cum Carolo, Galfridum linquere nolo :
Isti sunt ter tres trini fidei meliores.

E.

the.
ba.

terbery.
can.

lile.
car.

chester.
che.

cohie.
lyn.

don.
lon.

ceter
ex.

fo
li

rd.
er.

raci.
ebo.

ches
wy

ter.
n.

cest(
wo

288 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

wiche. cliester. ter. bury.

Nor. row. ches. sales prsesules habet Anglia

tales.
Millia quinque decem fuerant plaga^ tibi, Christe,
Et quadringentge decies septem quoque quinque ;

Si ter quinque pater et ave tu dixeris anni

Uno quoque die, tot erant tibi vulnera Christi.

Si quis bene biberit, tanto est laetior ;

Et qui se ebiberit, tanto est stultior ;

Lectum cum intraverit sompnis tanto firmior ;

Mane cum surrexerit tanto mens est latior ;

Bursum cum inspexerit, fit dolor ejus tristior.

Who that drynketh Avele, mych is he the gladder ;

Who that drynketh to moch, more is he the madder ;

Whan he goth to his bed, his slepe is the sadder ;

At morowe whan he waketh, his brayne is the bradder ;

Whan he loketh in his purce, his sorowe is the sadder.

Auro quid melius 1 Jaspis. Quid Jaspite ] sensus.

Quidsensu? ratio. Quid rationel modus.

Of life and deth nowe chuse the,

There is the Avoman, here is the galowe tree ;

Of boothe choyce harde is the parte ;

The woman is the warsse, drive forthe the carte.

Si sapiens fore vis, sex serva quse tibi mando :

Quid loqueris, et ubi, de quo, cui, quomodo, quando.

Calamitis pursse penyles per vicos ecce vagantur ;

Yf it be as I ges, male solvunt quod mutuantur.

Loqui me ssepe, penitus tacere nunquam.

Dimidium lunse pariter cum sole rotundo,

Et pars quarta rotae, nichil plus exigit a te.

A nothole dedit A., disis D., contulit arthos

A., messembris M, ; collige, fiat Adam.

Wil. Con. Wil. Ruphus, Hen. pri., Steph., Hen.que

secundus,
Ri., Johan. Henricus, Edwardus, tres, Ri.que secundus,
Henricus quartus, Hen. quin., Hen. quoque sextus,
Ed. quart., Ed. quintus, Ri. tercius, septimus Henry.
Davit profeta cantavit carmina laeta,
Versus bis mille sex centum sex canit ille.
Est ori., west occi., bori. norte, sed south petit auster.
Tres digiti scribunt totum corpusque laborat ;
Scribere qui nessiunt nullum putant esse laborem.
Infans, posteque puer, adolescens, post juvenis, vir,
Dicitur inde senex, postea decrepitus. j

To thy frende thowe lovest moste,
Loke thowe tell not alle thy worste,

whatesoever behappes ;

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^. 289

For whane thy frende ys thy foo,
He wolle tece alle and more too,

be ware of after clappes.
Accipe per ceram carnem de virginem veram.
I winked, I winked, whan I a Avoman toke,
Sore me for-thinked, that I so moche wynked,
For had I never more nede than nowe forto loke.
Qui viduam capit in socium, sine fine dolebit,
Nam caput in disco defuncti semper habebit.
Non est in mundo dives qui dicit habundo.
Ald. al. bas. bil. bussh. brad. brod. can.
cas, che. cre. col. cord. gorn dow. far. far.
lang. lym. port. pon. tur. ripa. win. walle.
Per multum risum possumus cognoscere stultum.
Si quis in hoc mundo vult multum gratis haberi,
Det, queerat, et capiat, phirima, pauca, nichil.
Est tuus, Anna, pater Jozafath, Nazafath, tua mater.
Nulla gratia perit nisi gratia gramaticorum.
Est et semper erit litil thanke in fine laborum.
Per vigili cura semper memorare futura.
Tempora trancibunt, gaudiaque vana perhibunt.
AllJa, vina, Yenus, fumus, faba, pulvis, et aguis,
Hoec noceant ocuHs, sed vigilare magis.
O dives, dives, non omni tempore vives,
Da tua dum tua sunt, post mortem tunc tua non sunt.
Dum moritur dives, occurrunt undique cives ;
Dum moritur pauper, vix unus adesse videtur.
Nil valet ille labor, ubi nulla premia sequitur ;
Nil valet ille decor, ubi nil probitatis habetur ;
Nil valet hgec muher, cui quilibet associetur.
Qui non vult dum quid, dum vellet forte nequivit
Quatuor millenis sex centum quatuor annis
Nexus in fervo Adam pro crimine primo.
Arbor Lencester, quae bona cambuca fiet.
Cur moritur homo, dum salgea cressit in orto :
Per nullam sortem poterit depellere mortem :
Contra vim mortis non est medicamen in ortis,
Qui tumbam cernis, cur non mortaha spernis,
Tali namque domo clauditur omnis homo.
Grus gruit in gurna, facit optima pocula mirra.
Male perire famae quam nunquam pardere famse.
In veritatate dico, pauper est qui caret amico.
Qui mel in ore gerit, me retro pingere querit,
Cujus amicitia nolo michi sociam.
Sum verus et falsus, etiam sum parvus et altus.
Multorum manibus aliniatur opus —
2m

290 RELIQUI.E ANTIQUjE.

(Manie handes make light worke.)
Cum rapitur fraude equus, tunc ostia claude
S. servus, famulus, C. cervus, bestia silvis
Trem. fra, me. goliob, et ob hoc tibi prebio dem. fi.
Pri. re la fe re fa ter my fa quar, my la,
Quin. fa fa, sex. fa la., sep. ut soi,, oc, tenet ut fa.
Nullus sibi amat, qui semper " da michi " clamat.
To yane, snese, sobbe, wamble, rowte,
Ossito, stermito, singulcio, nauseo, starto,
Swalow, chewe, gape, cough, belche, spitte
Glucio, mastico, hio, tussio, ructo, streoque,
Omnia contingunt hgec sine sponte viro,
Quid valet ars vel opes 1 quid gloria quid venerari ?
Cum mors cuncta capit conditione pari,
Noscitur per nasum cimlise quse vendit omasum.
Purnere qui ledit, sed scribit marmore loesus.
In viridi campo steterunt principes ambo,
Unus erat Jesus, alter fuit Bartholomeus;
Emerunt vagam propter dimidium marcum,
Tunc dixit Jhesus " volo comedere solus:"
Respondit Abraham, " non sic facis, per meam barbam "
Accepit baculum, vellet percutere Jhesum ;
Jhesus calamabat Petrum, Paulum qui vocabat,
Ambo venerunt, Habraham bene verberaverunt.
Tunc dixit Jhesus, '• ego sum hic timide solus ;
Adinua me modo vagam, grossum vobis dabo,"
Tunc dixit Abraham, " hewe, hev, quod huc veni unquam,
Si non venissem, nunquam bene verberavisse.
Si meus iste liber tingatur sorde magister,
Infrintret natibus verbera dira meis.
Dic quot denarios, quot dies, tibi postulat unus ;
Tot libras simul et medias tibi suppetit annus, '
Grossus tot junge tot denarios superadde,
Si vis post cenam stomachi deponere penam,
Sta quod sis lassus, vel centum perfice passus.
Semper rogare rogata tenere tenta docere.
Hebc tria discipulum faciunt superare magistrum,
Fatres, et fures, muscas, pulices, quoque mures.
Hoc et non plures demon confundere cures,
Si coekim multe caderet, morerentur AlaudEe.
Dic homo vas cinerum, quid confert flos facierum,
Copia quid rerum, mors ultima meta dierum.
Aspera vox ite, vox iste jocunda venite ;
Ex meritis vitEe dependunt, ite, venite.
Psallite devote, distincte metra tenete,
Vocibus estote concordes, vana cavete ;
Nunquam posterior versus prius incipiatur.

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^. 291

Quam finis anterior perfecto fine fruatur.

Hii sunt qui psalmos corrumpunt nequiter almos,

Dangler, cum jasper, lepar, galper, quoque draggar,

Momeler, forskypper, forereynner, sic et overleper ;

Fragmina verborum Tutivillus coUigit horum.

Anna solet dici tres concepisse Marias,

Quas genuere viri Joachimi, Cleophas, Salomeque ;

Ut ductere vivi Joseph, Alpheus, Zebedeus,

Prima parit Christum, Jacobum, secunda minorem,

Et Joseph justum peperit cum Simone Judam,

Tertia majorem Jacobum vobacremque Johannem.

Est grave praestare, gravius prccstare rogare.

Cum peto pardo rem periter debentis amorem.

Whose thought is cumbered and is not clene,

Of other mens dedes the worse wolle he deeme ;

Deme not my deedes, thought they be naught,

Deme whate thowe wilte, thowe knowest not my thought.

Sic sapiens scribit, nemo sine crimine vivit ;

Quis tunc, dic quaeso, dicit sine crimine,

FeUx qui totam duxit sine crimine vitam.

fol. 102, r».
Si secus secum duxit, ambo in foviam cadent.
Si vis post cenam stomachi deponere penam.
Sta dum sis lascus, vel centum perfice passus,
Hsec abbathia ruit, hoc notum sit tibi, Christe,
Jutus et extra pluit, terribihs est locus iste.
Bullecampe ecce dies attinctus sanguine fuso.

Hllll.

AN OLD ENGLISH SONG,

Written in a hand of tbe time of Ed. II. on the comparative difBculty of
learuing secular and church music. MS. Arundel. 292. f. 71, V.

Un-comly in cloystre. i coure ful of care,
I loke as a lurdeyn. and listne til my lare,
The song of the cesolfa. dos me syken sare,
And sitte stotiand on a song. a moneth and mare.
I ga gowlende a-bowte. al so dos a goke,
Mani is the sorwfol song. it sigge upon mi bok ;
I am holde so harde. un-nethes dar i loke,
Al the mirthe of this mold. for God i for-soke.
I gowle au mi grayel. and rore als a roke,
Litel wiste i ther-of. qwan i ther-to toke :

292 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU^.

Summe notes arn shorte. and somme a long noke,

Somme kroken Q.-weyward. als a fleshoke.

Qwan i kan mi lesson. mi meyster wil i gon,

That heres me mi rendre. he wenes i have wel don :

Qwat ha^t thu don, daAvn Water. sin saterdai at non ?

Thu holdest nowt a note. by God ! in riht ton.

Wa)-me, leve Water. thu werkes al til shame,

Thu stomblest and stikes fast. as thu were lame ;

Thu tones nowt the note. ilke be his nanie,

Thu bitist a-sonder bequarre. for bemol i the blame.

Wey the, leve Water. thu werkes al to wondre,

Als an old cawdrun bigynnest to clondre,

Thu tuchest nowt the notes. thu bites hem on sonder :

Hold up for shame. thu letes hem al under.

Thanne is Water so wo. that wol ner wil he blede,

And wendis him til William. and bit him wel to spede.

' Got it wot !' seys WilHam. ' ther-of hadd i nede :

Now wot i (i^xoMJudicare. was set in the crede.

Me is wo so is the be. that belles in the lualmes ;

I donke upon David. til mi tonge talmes ;

I ne rendrede nowt. sithen men beren palmes :

Is it also mikel sorwe. in song so is in salmes ?

Ya, bi God ! thu reddis. and so it is wel werre.

I solfe and singge after. and is me nevere the nerre ;

I horle at the notes. and heve hem al of herre :

Alle that me heres. wenes that i erre ;

Of bemol and of bequarre. of bothe i was wol bare.

Qwan i wente out of this word. and liste til mi lare,

Of efFauz and elami. ne coudy nevere are;

I fayle faste in the fa. it files al my fare.
3et ther ben other notes. sol and ut and la,
And that froward file. that men clepis fa ;

Often he dos me hken ille. and werkes me ful wa,
Mi^t i him nevere hitten. in ton for to ta.
3et ther is a streiuant. witj to longe tailes,
Ther-fore has ure mayster. ofte horled mi kayles ;
Ful htel thu kennes. qwat sorwe me ayles j
It is but childes game. that thu witz David dayles.
Qwan ilke note til other lepes. and makes hem a-sawt,
That we calles a moyson. in gesolrent^ en hawt;

II hayl were thu boren. ^if thu make defawt,
Thanne sais oure mayster. " que wos ren ne vawt.' "

Wrt.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU.«. 293

THE BOOKE OF HAWKYNG

AFTER

PRINCE EDWARDE KYNG OF ENGLANDE.

From the Harleian MS. 2340. In the first leaf of the volume, -which
contains oiie or two more tracts, is the following sentence in the hand
writing of Humfrey Wanley.

" Praesentem codicem domino meo D.D.
Vir per-eruditus Petrus Nedham
S. T. P. 12 die Octobris, A.D. 1719."

The hand in which the original of this manuscript is written, appears to
be about the time of Henry the Sixth. Kindly communicated by Sir Henry
EUis.

This is the maner to kepe hawkes ; but not al maner of
hawkes, but only goshaukes and sperhaukes. Firste to speke
of haukes, they beth egges, and afterward they be disclosed
hawkes. Andwe schuld say that haukes e^Tith in wodes and
not bredcth. And then Avhen they begynne to feder anon by
kynd, they woll drawe them somwhat oute of here neste, and
clambre over bowes, and come agayn to here neste, and then
beth clepid bowers ; and after the feste of seint Margarete they
woU fle fro tre to tre, and then they beth callyd branchers.
Then who so Vv'oll take hem, he moste have vrens y-made of
good smal threde to encile ihe hawkes that ben i-take. And
thou wolte take a goshawke let his wach be a colvour ; and
yf he falle not there to put a rabett ; and if he falle not there
to putt a wesylle ; and if he fall not there to loke never other
wach. And when thu hast take a hawke encile that hawke
in this maner. Take the nedill and the threde, and put throwte
the neder lydde, and so of the other, and knytte both thredes on
the top of his hede; then she is enciled as she oght to be. Then
bere this hawke upon thy fiste, and kaste here opon here berke,
and lete here be there unto morrow at even. Then take the
thredes, and kut them essily away for breking of her lyddes ;
then sofft and faire be gynne, fede here and fare feire with
here till she woU stande opon thi fiste, for itis drede for hertyng
of her whingys, and in the same n^^ght after that feding wake
here all that nyght, and a morow bere her all that day, and
then she woll be prevey ynoght to be reclamyd. And if it be
a goshawke or tercell that schallbe reclaymed, ever fede here
with wasche mete eke at the drawing and eke at the reclaym-
yng ; but loke that it be hote ; and in this maner thu most
wasch it. Take the mete and strike it up and down in the
water and wrincr the blode out and fede here therwith. And

294 beliquijE antiqu^.

if she be an eyas, thu most wasch it more clenner then tlm
doste to a brawnchere, and with a lynnyn cloth wipe here mete.
And ever more the iij. day yeve here castyng while she is
fleyng. And in this maner yeve here castyng. Take new
blanket cloth and kut feire pelotis of an ench long, and take the
flesch and kut v. morcels, and Avith a knyfis poynt make an
hole in every morcell, and put the in them pelotes of clothe, and
take a feire disch with water, and put here therein; then take
the hawke and yeve here a morcell of hote mete the mownte-
naunce of half here soper; then take that lyeth on the water,
and fede her for allnyght; if it be a sperhawke ever fede here
with on-wasch mete. And loke that here casting be plumage;
then loke well that it be clene under the perke, and a morow
thu shalt finde the casting under the perke and therein shall
ye knowe wheder the hawke be sounde or no, for som gobet
woll be yelow and som grene, and som glemous repyng and
derke and sum clere ; for if it be ^-elow, she gendrith an evyll
called the frounce. This yvelle woll arise in the mouthe other
in thc cheke, and if it be grene she gendrith the ree. This
y vell wolle arise in thev hedde and make the hedde svvell, and
but it have help it woll downe into there leggs, and if it go from
the legges to the hedde agayn, forGotb Ihe hawke is but lost.
And if it be glemous and roping, she gendrith an y vell y-callyd
the cray, that is when an hawke may not mute.

MedicynefoT the Frounce.

Take a silver spone, and put the smale ende in the fire til it
be hote, and opyn his mouthe, and bren the sore, and anoynt it
with the merowe of a gose wyng that hath ley long, and she
shali be hole. And if the frounce be wox as grete as a note,
then there is a grub therein, as it were the mawe of a pigion ;
then thu most kutit with a rasure in this manner; leteholde the
hawke and flytt there the sore is, and thu shallt fynde there
the grubbe; take it oute all hole, and take a peyre off sheres,
and kut the skyn away, make it as feir as ye mowe, and with
a lynnyn cloth wipe away the blode and anoynt the sore with
bame iiij. dayes arewe, and afterwardes with popiUon, unto
the tyme that it be hole.

For the ree to goshawke.

Take a dase, and stampe it in a morter, and wring oute the
jus, and with a penne put it in to the hawkes naris onys or
twys, where the hawke is lere gorgyd, and lete here tire anon
afterward, and every day till it be hole. To a sper-hawke
take perseley morys in the same manner.

RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE. 295

For the Cray.

Take and chaufe with your hondes her fondement with luke
water long tyme, and after that take the powdere of saxifrage
or ells the powder of Rewe and a quantite of May butter, and
temper it well togider til they ben even in ellede; then put it
in a litel round box, and stop it faste, and as ye fede your
hawke an hole mele anoynt here mete therewith, and that schal
make her love her mete the better for love of the onement and
kepe her fro the Cray, and fro other evylle may moo.

Another. Take fresch butter, and put in here foundement
with youre handes, and she schall be hole.

Another. Take porke and wete it in hote mylke of a goote
other a kowe, and fede her ther with &c.

The frounca comyth Avhen a man fedith his hauk with porke
cat other kydde. iiij. melys arewe. The Reecomyth in faute
of hote mete, of colde, other of smoke, other els of grete fervent
hete in the neste. The Cray comyth of wasch mete that is
Avasch in hote water in defaute of hote mete. AIso it comyth
of thredes the which is in the flesch and namly in tyryng,
and everyche iij. day in the somer and onys in the weke in
the wynter lete your hawke bathe if it be myry weder and not
ell. When thou bathist thi hawke, ever more before yeve
here a morcell of hoote mete vnwasch, thogh she be a gos-
hawke, and al other tymes i-wasch. And yf that ye a^oII
that your hawke fle in tha morowtyde, fede here the nyght
afore with a morcell of hoat3 mete waschyn in vinegre, if the
hawke be in high astate, and withoute dowte she woll fle
well. And if thi hawke be full gorged, and woldest sone
opon have a flighte, take iij. cornys of whete and yeve it
here and she woll cast here gorge, and anon after fede here
with a morcell of hote mete and cast here in a derke place; and
if she be over gorged do the same maner. And vndyrstand
wel that hole fotid bryddes beth not holsom to hawke while
hawke is fleyng, but while he is in mewe. And clove fotyd
brj-ddes ben good to hawk while he fleith and meweth as wode-
coke, snyte, perterich, ffesaunt, and bestes of the venery ben
goode as martryns, squirelles, convnggs, and harys; and loke
that thou passe not of harys flesch iij. or iiij. melys, for yf ye do,
forsoth he shall be blynde, as it hath be seyn oft tymes. AIso
be well ware of venyson for it is verey poyson to hawke. AIso
hote befe as it is slay is verey poison to hawke, excepte the
herte. Also pigions is goode, for olde coluours makith hawke
drye. Crow doth the same. Ravyns ben poison to hawkes.
A yong roke is fuU goode as chikyn ben. Pyes cawekes ben
goode to goshawkes, and not to sperhawkes, for they moste

296 rkliquijE antiqu^.

have tendere mete as sprous, eysoges, owsilless, and presches,
and other sinale briddes. Also batiges ben perlys, for if hawkes
ete them they woll caste her fethers, ihogh it were in chef fleyng
tyme. And also loke what bryddes that bith cloverfoted and
necessary to men, and such ben goode for hawkes, and not hole
foted, as my mayster hath taught me. Also loke that thy
hawke tire every other day while she is fleyng,for nothyng in the
worlde is that woll clense a hawkes hedde as tyryng, and the
swetteste tyryng that is to goshawke and sperhawke is a pigge
is tayle. Nere the lees the rumpe of a beste clensith the hedde
better. Allso a pigions fote is good tiryng. Ffor on of the
principall causes that the ree genderys is faute oute of tyryng.

Here heginneth the termys of Hawkyng. — ■

In the begynnyng of termes of hawkyng, who so woll him
lere, hem schail he fynd six there ben of termys. The flrst is
holde fast when abatith. The ij. is rebate your hawke to your
fiste. The iij. is fede your hawke and sey not geve here mete.
The iiij. is that an hawke suyth ic beke and not wypith. The
v. cast your hawke to the perke, and say not ley. The vj. is
that your hawke joketh, and not slepith. And who so woll lern
the kyndely speche of hawkyng, many ther ben that hereafter
suyth. The first is to say this is a feire hawke, a huge hawke,
a long hawke, a shorte hawke, thyk, and sey not this is a grete
hawke. And ye shall shall say this hath a large beke, or a
sworte of a huge hedde, or a smalle feire. I sesounde enfered
yes. And ye shall say this hawke is full y-gorged, and hath
endewedd, or i-put over. And ye schull say that vour hawke
mutith and not sclisith. This hawke hath a feirer long wyng,
a feirer long tayle with vj. barrys oute, and stondith opon the
seven. This hawke is enterpennyd, that is to say when the
fethers of the wyngs be bytwine the body and the thyes. This
hawke is engowted into braell ende. This hawke hath an
huge legge, other a flatt, other a rounde, other a feire en-
sered leg, on the fete flatt, And ye schull say that the hawke
hath white canwas other red mayle. And ye shall understand
that a goshawke or tercell, that is a fore hawk, hath no mayle,
but after the first coote. And if there be eny hawke, and she
rewarde gladly to her game, ye shull say cast.your hawke
thereto, and say not lete flee. And ye schull say when your
hawk hath nome a foule and hrekith away fro here, ye schull
say that your hawke hath stomfede many fethers of the foule,
and is not broke away ; for in kyndely spech ye schull say that
3^our hawke hath nome a foule, and not i-take. And ye schuU
say I have founde a covey of pertrich, a bevey of quayles, and
eye of fesaunts. And if ye recleme your hawke, ye moste

RELIQUI.-E ANTIQU.E. 297

withdraw on mele into iij. into the tyme that she woUe come,
and then encrese her melys better and better. And if your
hawke shall fle to pertriches, ye moste make your hawke to
know a pertrich; and when sche knowith a partrich go to felde
where is covey, and lete the spanyell flusch up the covey.
And if that she abate lete her fle, but be war that thou con-
streyne her not to flee. And if she neme oon rewarde her a-
pon here foule, the merke the covevand goo afore them somwhat
and lete that partrich that ye have in your bagge lle be a cre-
aunce, so that the hawke nym the partrich fleyng; then cast the
hawke to and he wolt nym her withoute doute ; then gof yndde
more of the covey, and he woll take y-nogh of hem withoute
any doute: then rewardyour hawke, and in this manner : take
a knyf and strike of the pertrich hedde and the nek, and strik
away the skyn fro the neck, while the hawke plumyth on the
pertrich, and then hold the neck and the hedde togycler to her,
and then sche woll leve the foule, and come to the fust to the
mete. Then yeve her to reward the brayn, the eyen, and the
flesch aboute the neck, and lete her not fle afteruardes til she
have sewyd her beke or rowsed her; then is your hawke made
as towchyng to perteriches.

For an hawke that hath casting, and may not cast to make
her cast.

Take the jus of salendyne and yeve it her, other iiij. cornys
of whete. Other take a greyn of staphisagre, and put under
her tong, and she shall caste and the hawke sounde.

For the dry ffrounce.

Take the rote of polypody that groweth on okis and seth hera
a grete while; thentake it fro the fire and lete cole in tomylke
warme, then wasch your flesch therin and fede your hav/ke iij.
tymes, and withoute doute he schall be hole.

For hawkes that heen dry, and desireth to drynhe to kepe hem
moyste in kynde.

Take the jus of horehounde, and wete thy hawkes mete there-
in, andfade her therewith onys or twyys, and she shall behole.

For icormes within the hawk, called flylaundris.

Take the jus of nepter, and put it it in a small gutte of a
capon other a henne, and knyt the bothe endes with a threde,
and fastyng let here rece^-ve it all hole and knyt the beke lest
she cast it oute. The time of his silienes is Avhen a hawke
gapith and skryllyth opon the fuste.
2n

298 RELIQUI.E ANTIQU.E.

That an haivke ly not on hey in the mewefore unhaste.

Take verue rotes that groweth on okys and boke appuls and
stamp hem, and yeve hym the jus therof, onys or ij., and he
shall be hole.

For hawke that witl not come to recleme to make here come.

Take fresh butter and put therto sygur and put it in a clene
cloute and recleme hym therto, and kepe it in a boxe in your
bag. Wiliam Waters, sone ych sende the this other day how
men schuld goshawkes and sperhawkes kepe, of the faucoun
gentill and the laner solas is ther non to hym that may not
labour, for so who woll use that craft he moste caste his herte
therto to gete, and conquere worschipe of his faucoun.

For to kepe haivkes in hele.

Loke that thu be not dronkelowe ne lecherous daylyng with
Avommen, for if thu handell thy hawke afterwardes with thi
handes unwasch, forsoth thu fleyst thyn hawke, because thei
hate filthede above all thyng.

For to fede hawkes crafte.

' Loke that his mete be not colde nether harde, but pike out
the thredes clene. Allso loke that thu fede hym in dew horis ;
and be well ware of over laboryng, for that schall make her
lese her corage.

Be well war that thyn hawke be not put in a full cold place,
nether in fervetn sonne but after that she hath bathed, and if
she be alhnoste dry draw her unto the house till she be dry,
and afterwardes put her oute aga^-n to prowne and spalch her-
self, and a non after that proynyng draw her in agayn, but if
that it is wynter then it is necessary to her to be oute in the
sonne altogeder after bathyng.

For to draw an hawke fro here neste, and how he schal he
fedde, and inade hetter then a hraunchere in hardenesse.

Who so taketh an hawke fro his eyre hym behovith to do
esely bryngyng hem in all thyng, kepyng hem fro colde, for if
he take colde ore he be fuU sommyd, for soth he schall gendre
the crampe, and fro hurting of her bonvs. He benym liem her
kynde to suffer stench and filthed. Yif her dene mete, first in
the mewe thu moste use her to hackyng ; and when thou seist
hym hym begyn to feder, draw hym oute of the mewe and put
him in a grove, in a crowys neste, other in a kuytes ; and if
there be no neste, thu moste make a neste in the warmyst wyse,
and put hym therin, and hacke his mete, and use hym ever to

KELIQUIvE ANTIQUiE. 299

hackyng ; and when he begynneth to clambre upon bowys use
hym ever more to hackyng, and till he flyethe fro tre to tre, he
woU come to hackyng, Then he woll not come but thu moste
hacke and leve his mete opon a borde in his neste, and he woU
come thider to his paste eche day. Now thu knowyst how he
schalle be servyd, but what mete he shal be fed with, I shall tall
the ; loke that he be fedde iiij. tymesevery day after that he is
caste oute, first at iiij. at the clok, then at ix., then at ij. after
noon, then at vij., but loke if ye may fede his eche mele with
diverse metis, and but yf thou may ech other day, at the leste
ech iij. day, oon day with beof, another with moton, another
with porke, on mele, and that schal make here harder then
an eyas because that he lieth oute in the reyne and wynde
as good a braunchere be cause he is braunchere, and when he
ful ferme is sevenygh befor ere thu take his, withdraw his
mete, but wasch not his mete, and after pich an vreyn in the
wey that thou seist hym come in, and over drawe hym, then
encile him, and do al things abovesayd. Then ordeyn his
gesses redy and his bell, and fare feire with hym in the reba-
tyng, then tech him to light from thi fiste to the grounde, and
fro the grounde to thi fist, both ner and ferrer by a creaunce.
And if he shall fly to the revere make hini come to the tabur,
and in this maner, Take a tabre and a stik brode in the ende
and put flesch in the ende, and reclerae him thertow ; then when
he is well reclemyd thertoo anesal hym to a malard, and when
he is made unto a malard, lete oon have a tame malard under
a banke of the rever prevely, and lete hym with the stik re-
cleme the hauk that hath the tabre aboute his necke, and Avhen
he seith the hauke comyng lete hym bete the tabre and then
with the betyng lete him that hath the malard kast her up, and
then the hawke wol forsake the tabre, and seysyne the malard.
Then afterward use him to fle to a wylde malard, and when he
shall fle ther moste be a counterevere to make the soule spyn
so when the hawke schall come in, he shall carie it to londe,
then yeve hym the herte to rewarde. And if your hawke shall
be made to heron, thu moste take a tame heron add drawe out
the both eyon, of her, and breke her byll, and bynde aboute
the herouns hedde hoote mete, and put her in a place at thy
devyce, then shew her to the hawke, and the hawke if he have
eny corage wol fle to here, and because of the mete that he
seith on the herons hedde, he woll seison her in the hedde ; then
kutte the grete bonys of the wynggis and with a penne draw
oute the merowe, and set opon the hedde of the heron for to
make her love the hedde. Allso thu moste have som sugur
for sugere and merowe of the wynges moste be mellyd togeder :
and in this wyse rewarde the hawke when he taketh a crane,

300 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

bittour, shoulere, other pofire. And who so wol hawk for the
heron or eny of thees foulys, he moste bring sugure to rewarde
the hawk with hym.

For io make an hawke use all tlie seson, ffiee othere leve,
et cetera.

But if that he go to raveyn holde hit in eye then when he
levith foly, and taketh that he shuld neygh him nere aud nere
faire withoute any fray, then rewarde him ooner his foule as
myche as he woll ete withoute brysing or brekyng his cleys,
for that is good to do, and then thu myghtest mewe him, and
therto use his crafte as thogh he flewe every day, and thus he
moste he servyd when men levith hawkyng for a seson.

For to slee lise on hauke.

Take scapysagre, and sethe it in water, and when it is colde
lete the hawke bathe her therin, and afterward he woll scheke
oute all the lyse when he dryeth hym.

For hawke that hath lost his corage and luste.

An hawke that hath his corage, man may knowe if he take
hede, forsuchis his manner when he caste to hisfoule he fleith
awayward as thoght he knewe never that foule, other fleith a
a lytill while after, and anoon he yeldeth it up. Therefore
take oyle of Spayne and temper it with clere wyne, with the
yolke of an ege, and put therin beof, and yeve v. morcell to the
hawke, then sette her in the sonne, and at yeve fede here with
an hoote foule, and but if that avayle, rubbe his tonge, and the
ruff' of his mouth with powdere of sange, and when it draweth
toward youe, fede hym with an hoote foule. And if thu do
so iij. that hawke was never sojalyte and so luste afore as he
shall be afterward and com to his corage ageyn.

For an hauke that traneyleth opon the teyne.

An hawke that traveyleth upon the teyne. Man may knowe
if he take hede, for suche is her maner that she wolde pante for
abatyng then another doth, for in and if she shold fle a litell
while almoste she wold lese her breth, whether she be high or
lowe. Therefore take a quantite of rednesse of hasyll to pow-
dere of rasne, and peper, and sumwhat of gyngere, and make
therofin fresch grece, make iij. pelotys andholde the goshawke
to the fire, and when he feleth the heet, make her swolow the
iij. pelotys be strenght, and knyt the beke fast that she caste
not oute, and do so iij. tymes and of the teyn he is saved.

RELIQUI.E ANTIQUJS. 301

Another. Yeve here jus of rasne and jubarde onys or ij,
and he sliall be hoole.

For hawkes comhered in here howels.

If thu wylte wj^te that thyn hawke be cobured in here bowels,
at his eyen thu mayst perceve, for his eyen woll be derke, and
ungladly, and her foundement woll defile her brael. Medicine
very is to take the hawkes mete, and anoynt it in powder of
canell, and yeve her, and she shal be hoole.

For wormys called anguilles.

Sech lassers quikke, and make her swollow hem and they
schull dye. Another peryd. Take the jus of dragonce, and
put full the gut of a capon thereof, and then kut it in gobetts,
and departe it as the hawke may over swolowe it, and so put
in his body, and knyt the beke for oute castyng.

For the stone.

Anoynt the hawke is erys with oyle of olyve and put in
powdere of alym with an holow strawe.

Anothere. Yeve hym the jus of crysteg ladder and he shal
be hoole.

For sekenesse ofswellyng.

A wykked felone is swolle of such maner coverte that no
man may it hele, that the hawke schal not dye thus a man may
help hit and somewhat his lyf lenght. The hawke wol be egre
and gletions and on the seke side lennor where the sikenes
light, and his fete woll be of colour of hony. Therfor take the
roote of confurye and sugur eche like moch, and do seth it in a
fresch grece with the thyrde part of hony, then draw it thorgh
a feire cloth, and ofte yeve thy hawke, and he schall heele.

For hawke that woll sowre.

Take the jus of fenell, and yeve it her onys, or ij. and that
shal be nyme her that pryde, and make her egre, whether sche
be hieght other lowe.

For hleynes in hawke mouthe, called ffounches.

Of the founches it is drede for it is a noyous sekenes, and
draweth hym to deth, and halte him streyte, for men seith that
it comyth outte of coold, for coold doith hawkes grete disese,
and makith flume fall oute of the vrayne, but if it have hastely
help it wol stop his nare throlles ; therfor take fenell, mariolle
and kersounelich moch, and seth it and drawe it throgh a clowtc.

302 RELIQUI.E ANTKiUiE.

and otherewyles wasch his hedde therwith and do sum in the
ruffe of his mouthe.

For bocches that groweth in the gewe.

Kut hem with a knyf and lete oute the quetor that thu find-
est therin, and afterwardes clense it clene with a silver spone,
other els of tvn, and then fil the hoole full of poudere of arnement
y-brent, and opon that poudere do a lytel lard reside, and so it
wol away ; and if it be in the foote, do the same as is sayd
before.

For to niake an hawke high of astate.

Take a quantite of pork, hony, and butter elech moch and
purged grece, and do away the skyn, and do sethe togeder,
and anoynt thy mete therin and fede hym, and but he encrese
take the weng of an enede, fede him and kepe hym fro trauayle,
and do so oft thogh the enede be never so fat, and if it passe
fourtenyght that he be nat hight never nyl I melle.

For sekenes within the hody of an hawke and it schew
noght oute to heJp hym and he shal after leve long y-noghf, and
goode therto ffor a scahhyd hawke.

Take old grece brymston and cinomome and cofye efere and
anoynt the scabbe to the fire, and he schall be hole.

For methys that devorith ihe pennys of an hawk.

Take mellfoyle and stamp it, and take it, and put it in vi-
negre, and menge therto the torde of a gose, and lete all thys
remayn togedere iij. dayes, then after take al togedere and
put in a lynnyn cloth, and queyse out the jus, and anoynt the
place that the pennys ben devored, and namly in the wynges,
andin the tayle; then afterwardys make poudre of svndres and
cast in the tayle iij . dayes, but not arewe but from to iij . daies.

For the coght.

Take pouder of bayes, and do it on flesch of a coluoure, and
if he have it ofte he woll hele.

For the cramp in hawkes legges.
Fede hym Avith an Irchyn, and but that avayle take the hote
blode of a lambe, and anoynt his leggs unto the tyme he be
hole.

For the cramp in haickes wyng.

Take a white lof sumwhat cooldere then it comythoute ofthe
oven, and kut her ahnoste a too in the peth, and,ley the hawks
wyng therin, and of the cramp he is savyd.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 303

For hawke that hath loste his clee.

A newe clee schall not growe, but take a mowse and open
hym, and anoynt the place wher the clee fil of with the galle of
a hog, and he schal be he hole.

For an hawk that castyth his flesch.

Geve hym the jus of cerfoille, other seth rasne in water and
put his flesch therin when it boyleth et cetera.

For hawkes i-poysend.

Take a stone and make pouder of her, then take treacle and
iij. greynes of peper, and yeve to the haAvke, and kepe him ix.
dayes after ; ageyn take triacle and the greynes of peper and
bren her to pouder and caste that pouder on hote mete and fede
your hawk and he shal be delyveryd.

For an hawke that is hite of a beest.

Take the fethers away, and if it be but Htel, with a rasure
kut it, and anoynt it with hote butter. Then take olybanum
rasine wax and talow and confye al thees to gedere, and anoynt
the sore with this oynement tyl it be hole,

For dede flesch in a hawke.

Take alow and saxifrage, and make pouder and put on the
sore, and he schal be hole.

How a penne that is hrokyn schal be drawe oute withoute eny
lahoure.

Take the blode of a raton and caste abowte the penne that
is broken, but be woll ware that it touche no hole penne, and
anoon the hawk wol caste her oute. Then take hony soden,
and raake a pynne and lete it drop in the hole where the penne
fil oute, and anon ther wyl a newe pen growe. And if a penne
be broke in the cave take another penne hke the same and
sewe here with a nedyl there. The which thu schalt do better
by experience then thorgh the techyng of this boke, and in all
poynts of hawkyng experience is chef. If thu wilt that thyn
hawke take an hare or a connyng bynde gesses in the both
leggs, for then he schal take withoute hertyng. And be wel
ware when an hawke hath bathed of venym that he taketh
oute of his tayle with his beke, and anoynteth his cleys with
and venemyth himself and sleeth. Therfor as sone as he prowned
hym, take that away fro his beke. Allso if thy hawke skrylle
or crye, other Avyse then he ought, take and yeve his jeremyse
with powder of peper. AUso in the morow tyde when thou
goyst oute to hawkyng, say in nomine Domini volatilia celi

304 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

erunt suh pedibus tuis. Also lest he be hurt of the heyron, say,
vicit leo de trihu Juda radix David, alleluya. Also if thy hawke
be bitte of eny man say Quem iniquus homo ligavit Dojninus per
adventum suum solvii. A man may knowe by the ungladnesse
after the chear that he maketh, but strong it is to knowe thing
that a man may not se in what wyse the sickenesse holdeth
hym, when mon wote here whereof it cometh. Therto thu
shalt do suche madecyne ffede her wel with an henn, and then
make her faste ij. daies after to voydon his bowell, the iij. day
take honey soden and fil his body fuU and bynde his beke for
out castyng ; then set her in the sonne, and when it drawith
toward even fede her with a hoote foule, for so taght me my
mayster, and if hele not therof loke never other medicyne.
There is a sikenes in the entrayles of another kynde then this
is, that is when hawke may not put over for the stoppyng of his
entre, for if he holde not his mete and casteth it oute, that makith
the fowle glette for surfete of fethers that inen in the mew ye-
veth hym ; and afterwardes when he comyth to traveyle and is
avoyde of the rever, then he is slow for to flee, and desireth for
to reste, and when he is opon his perke he slepeth forto putt over
at the entre, and the flesch that is in his gorge woU be over-
soden if it be ther any while long holdyng, and when he is a-
wakyd he assaith for to put over at the entre, and it is a cool-
dyd by the glette that he hath gedered that it wol not be, and
if he schuld ascape he moste put it it over, other caste it other
dye, and if he caste it he may be holpe therof. Take the yolke
of an egge rawe, and when thu haste well beten it put thereto
Spaynesch salte, and as moche hony therto ; wete theron thy
flesch and lete holde the hawke, but if he woll ete it wylfully
and make hym over swolowe iiij. morcell a day til he be hole.
Anothere. Take hony at the waynyng of the mone, and make
powder of a kene metall verey smal and when it is well
grownde take the brest bon of an enede, and do away the skyn,
and do theron thy powder, and all hote with the powder fede
hym, and do so iij. tymes and he schall hele.

For the goute.
Take and yeve an irchyn to youre hawke onys or twyes,
and he schall hele.

For the mytes.
Take the jus of wermote, and do Avhere where they been,
and they schall dye.

For an hawke i-woundyd.
Take away the fethers about the wounde, and take the white
of an egge and oyle of olyve and medil efere and anoynte the
wounde, and kepe it with wlake wyn unto the tyme; then see

I

RELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE. 305

dede flesch to be wastyd, and after take encerce of clene wax,
as moche of on as of a nother, an corfj^e it in fere, and Avhen
thou wilt anoynt it, anoynt it with a penne tyl the tyme the
skyn growe agayn; and if thou see dede flesch theron and wold-
yst it to be delyvryd, take letigres, and brenne it to pouder,
and put opon the wounde till the dede flesch be consumyde,
and there anoynt it with the oynement forsayd and he shal
hele.

For thefevere and the hete.

Take and yeve hym the ins of mogworte onys or twyes.
The signe is when an hawke hath the ffevere he holdeth down
his hede, and his wynggs hongeth doun, and his fete woll be
passyng hoote.

For the goute in the wyngis.

Take guy that groweth on the grounde and sethe it in water,
and after stampe it and bynd by the sides aboute his wynges,
and his wynges in the seyd water ; putte then hoote vinegre,
and spoute opon his wyngs and oyle of laure, and he woll hele.

For hrekynge of a hone.

IfF ther be a bon broke take a hoote loff" and bynde aboute
on nyght. Another. Take a cokke torde soden in vinegre and
do the same, and sanabitur.

For a legge or a thigh hrokyn.
■Take mastik and an oyntmente of the erth called olybanum
serpentarie, and consohdam inmorem, and stampe al this to-
geder, and put in a lynnen clooth, and wrap the leg other the
thight in the sayd clooth, and clense oute the queter away
with a penne, and lete it remayne there v. dayes and v. nyghtes,
et cetera.

That a hawke he not putte in mewe.

If thu lovyste wel thi hawke put here not in mewe to late ;
for if it be a sore hawke put her in the month of February, and
if it be a mewer put her in the month of January, for Avho so
for covetyse of fleyng lessith the tyme of his hawkys mewing,
and holdeth here lenger then afterwardys, he may put here in
mewe as aventure wol yeve, for who so put hawke in mewe in
the begynnyng of Lente, if he be fedde after here luste, he
schall be mewyd in the begynnyng of Auguste. The mewe
in this maner schal be sette that no fucher no volymare enter
in another wynd ne grete colde nether it hit be hote, but that
the perty be turnyd toward the sunne, so that in the moste perte
2o

306' RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

of the day the sonne may shyne in ; then loke that he be not
grevyd with no noyse, nother with song of man, but of his that
fedeth him ; then ordeyn his fedyng stokke that it hurte hym
not in no wyse, and loke that his mete be clene, for of yvell
mets wol he non,ne sufFre no reyn to wete be syrings of bathyng.
She take no hunderyng of her mewing.

The manere to 'put hawke in meioe.

Of on thyng be thu wel ware, if he have eny sikenes make
thu hym hole or thou put him in, ffor as y understand seke
hawke schal never wel mewe, and if he do, he schal not en-
dure, but the while that he is grete and fat, for at the batyng
of here astate she may nu lenger endure. Somtyme withoute
eny medicyne many men devysiden how they myght hawkes
mewc, for sum put her in high astate, and other when they
were right lowe, and other when they were full, and other when
tliey were lere, and som other desmerablich lene, and other
that tooke no fors but as aventur wold yeve. Therefor ye schal
myn avyse say, as y seyn and lernyd. Who so put goshawke
sperhawke so hight that he may not higher ben, sche woll holde
her long in that poynte or sche mewe or any for luce. And
Avho so put her in mewe so lene, it wol be lenger or sche be
remownted. And who so put her in mewe so hungri and so
lene if sche have at here lust because of that hugur that sche
hadde afore, she woll ete so moche that sche may be dede
thereby ,as it hath be seyn ofte tymes; but who so woll that his
hawke in mewe endure, my councell is that she be nether to
lowe nether in grete distresse of hunger, but in that state that
sche wokle be leffte fleynge ; then take hede the firste dayes of
to moche etyng unto the tyme sche be staunched ; then a man
may take her suche mete as I schall telle hym.

How men schalfede here hawkes in mewe.

Suche mete ashe hath moste usid, such mete fede hym with
the firste vij. dayes and the viij. day ; yeve him briddes y-
nowe, and lete her hem take, and plume on hom if she woll the
which schall clense well her bowell, and make here have a
talente to hire mete; then afterwarde a man may yeve here
what mete that he woll. Butthe moste flesch that woU make
her mewe withoute any other medycyne is the flesch of an
enede, a yonge swanne of a kome, and of a raton, so that it be
not assawte under heven, it is beste mete to mewe an hawke ;
and a yonge gose if she have it hoote is fuU good, and bobetts
of grete elys, y-wet in hote blood of moton, for the bobyn nexte
the nav}'l of the ele maketh the hawke after sore age. These
ben good to mewe hawke, and kede here in good poynte. Of

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^. 307

thees fleschys loke that she have good plente ech day, so that
sche leve sum what uneton ; and Avhat mete that it be, loke
that she have such stufF that sche leve sumwhat uneton, and
eche day loke that sche have a grete turfe, for she woU ligh
theron and defile it with here muty ng, for it woll do here passing
grete chere and grete refressching. AUso loke' that she have
every iij. day in sende til she begyn to mewe and afterwardes
in water; then when sche is nyght to serme, the flesch of houndys
hennys and af fat porke doth here grete good. But of all other
fleschis after mewyng, the flesch of an hare oon mele or ij. is
beste. And the flesch of a kowe sumwhat in water wasch, for
that wol not hastelych benym here grece, ne put here in no grete
feulyng for it durith sumwhat with here.

To meice an hawke hlyne.

Hastely to mewe an hawke I schall tell veray medecyne that
thou schalt leve, if thou assay seche in woodes other in mares ;
that thou have ij. snakes other edders that ben well better, and
smyte of the heddes and the ende of the tayle ; then take a
newe erthen potte that never was used, and kut hem into smale
gobetts and put him therin, and lete strangelych seeth at greete
laysere, so that there com oute therof ne breeth, and lete it
seeth so longe that the flesch turned into grece, then caste it
oute and do away the bonys and geder the grece, and put it in
a clene wessett, and as ofte as ye fede your hawke anoynt her
mete therein, and lete ete as moche as ye woll, and she shall sone
mewe thogh it were in fleyng tyme. Anothere. Take an eddere,
and stryke of the hedde and the tayle, and seeth whete with
here, and fede hennes with the whete, and yeve the hennes to
thy hawke, and he schal sone mewe.

Wlio so wolle that his mewe hawk mew not, ne letefalle noon
his fethers.

Bere him on fiste al the yere longe, and take poudere of canell
andthejus of panys and the jus of frankecoste and medill to
gedere, and yef thy hawke am orcel ij. or iij. Avette in the sayd
jus and he wol not mew, and do so ofte.

Anothere. Take the skyn of a snake other of an edder that
better worchith and kut it in to smale morcellys, and temper it
in hoote bloode, and make thy hawke often tymes ete, and
she schal not mewe.

For io enseyme an hawke.

Allso loke that thyn hawke be ferme or thu drawest him oute,
and when he is so, withdrawe his mete in the mewe sevennyghe

308 RELIQUI-i: ANTIQU^.

and wasch it eche tyme, and sumtyme with vinegre tll he he
enceymyd; for if he be drawe oute full of grece when he boteth
on the fist, the grece wol breke and congeyle to colde, and roote
the guttys that the hawke may not receyve no mete, and so he
moste nedys deye ; then afterdrawe him oute and yeve him
blanket to caste, ech other nyght tyl the tyme he be enseymyd,
and vinegre ; also loke that he fle not tyl that he be clene ensey-
mvd, whether he be mewyd other an eyas hawke ; and yf thu
wilt knowe whether he be enseymyd other no, take the cast-
yng, and wrvng it oute in a bason fuU of clene water, and if the
water bubyll he is not clen enseymyd, and if he do not, he is
enseymed.

Here endyfh the hoohe of hawhyng after Prince Edwarde
hyng of Englande.

ON FENCING WITH THE TWO HANDED
SWORD.

From MS. Harl. 3542, of the fifteenth century.

The man that wol to the to hond swerd lere bothe close and

clere,
He most have a goode eye bothe fer and nere,
And an in stop, and an owte stop, and an hawke quartere,
A cantel, a doblet, an half for hys fere,
Two rowndys an an halfe with a goode chere,
Thys ys the ferst cowntere of the too hond swerd, sere.
Bynde hem togedere and sey god spede,
Two quarters and a rownde a stop thou hym bede
A rake with a spryng there thou hym abyde,
Falle in with an hauke and stride nojte to wyde,
Smvte a lennyng quarter owte for hys syde,
Fal apon hys harneys yf he wole abyde,
Come in with a rake in every a syde,
An hole rownde and an halfe wath so hit betyde,
iiij. quarters and a rownd and a ventures stroke wyth.
Bere up hys harnes and gete thou the gryth
Dobyl up ly^thy and do as y seye,
Fal in with an hauke and bere a goode eye.
A spryng and a rownde and stap in Avyth,
Spare no^th an hauke yf he lye in thy kyth ;
Smyte a rennvng quarter sory owte of thy honde,
Abyde apon a pendent and lese not thy londe
Smyte in the lytfe foote and clene ry^t doune,
Geder oute of thy ry^te hond and smyte an hauke rounde,

RELIQUIiB ANTIQU^. 309

Fresly smyte thy strokis by dene,

And hold wel thy lond that hyt may be sene.

Thy rakys, thy rowndis, thy quarters abowte,

Thy stoppis, thy foynys, lete hem fast rowte.

Thy spryngys, thy quarters, thy rabetis also,

Bere a goode eye and lete thy hond go.

Fy on a false hert that dar not abyde,

Wen he seyth roundys and rakys rennyng by his side.

He not hastly for a lytil pryde,

For lytil Avote thy adversary wath hym shal betide.

Lete strokys fast folowe after hj-s honde,

And hauk rounde with a stop and stil that thou stond,

Greve not gretly thov thou be tochyd a lyte,

For an after stroke ys better yf thou dar h^-m smyte.

A gode rounde with an hauke and smyte ryjt doune,

Gedyr up a doblet and spare not hys croune.

With a rownde and a rake abyde at a bay,

With a rennyng quarter sette hym oute of his way.

Thys buthe the letters that stondyn in hys sy^te,

To teche or to play or elly s for to fy^te ;

These buthe the strokys of thy hole grounde,

For hurte or for dynte or ellys for depys wonde.

Hllll.

ALCHEMICAL VERSES.

From MS. Harl. 2407, fol. 90, V, of the fifteenth century.

Ther ys a bodi of a bodi,
And a soule and a spryte,
Wyth ij. bodies most be knete.

Ther bethe ij. erthys, as I the tele,
And ij. watres wyth hem to dwele ;
The ton ys whyjt, the totber ys red,
To queke the bodies that ben ded.

And j. fyre in nature I hede,
And j. ayre wyth hem doth the ded ;
And al hyt cometh owte of on kynd, —
Marke thys wel man in thy mynd.

HlllL

310 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

FRAGMENT OF A POEM ON FALCONRY.

In French, from two leaves on vellum, written in double columns at the
beginning of the fifteenth century. They appear to have been pasted to
the cover of a book, and only the verso of the first leaf and the recto of the
second are legible.

fol. 1, v Qu'il convient que a pie se soit mis
Et quant le senglier le choisi,
Tellement de bairez parti,
Qu'il n'est home si voit tel depart
Que il ne vousist estre autre part;
Et cellui qui estoit a pie
En mains tint un fort espie,
Si le fery emmi Tescu.
Mais sachez n'eust pas vescu
Longuement, si comme je croy,
Combien qu'il fust ou prince ou roy,
Se trois levriers qui la sourvindrent,
Qui le senglier aux nachez prindrent,
Ne fussent adoncques venu ;
Mais bien tost leur est mal venu,
Car des .iij. les .ij. en tua,
Et le tiers du tout affola,
Puis s*en ala par la champaigne.
N'y a cellui qui ne le craigne ;
Car .ij. hommes a affoles,
Et si a leurs levriers tuez,
Et puis si s'en ala sans perdre,
Car a lui nul n'osoit aherdre.
Mais encor se affaire Tavoie,
Plus volenters me combatroye
A un senglier bien enarme
Qu'a un grant cerf bien escauffe.
Dictes quant on se veult esbatre,
Est-ce plaisir de se combatre
Et faire ses menbres trencher
A un serf ou a un senglier 1
Avoir paour, peril, et paine?
N'est-ce mie chose grevaine?
Certes si est que que nul die ;
Mais s'il est qui le contredie,
Que les maulx ne faille endurer
Que cy m'aves oui nommer,
A ceulx qui deduit de chienz aiment,

RELIQUIJE ANTIQU.E. 311

Et qui maistre et seignur se claiment ;
Je sui prest de le mettre por voir:
Mais il est trop bon assavoir,

col. 2. Que deduit d' oiseaulx, monseigneur,
Est sans mal en boute greigneur;
Car donne proffit et plaisance
Et bien honneste sans grevance,
* A tous ceulx qui Taimera . . .
Et qui lojalment le deservam^,
Trop plus grandement . . . pe fais
Deduit de chiens o . . u . . p . . se defait
Maint vaillant homme a seignourie ;
Si vueil a mon propos se mie,
Et monsieur vout presentement
Ce que j'ai dit, vecy comment.

Je commencheray aux segnieurs,
Car deves leur sont honneurs ;
En traictant tout premierement
Des faucons, car clayment
De tous autres oiscaulx co . . . nt,
Ceulx qui plus gvant plaisance font.
Le roy qui iijit les faucons,
Pour ce en . . . a beaux et a bons ;
Dit a ses qeus qui veult aler
De main a ses oyseaulx voler,
Si les mettront d bien apoint,
Que de deffault n'y aura point.
II s'est tresbien matin leve,
Car il fait temps tout a son gre ;
Et quant il ot sa messe oy,
Trop grandement s'est resjoy
D'un faucon on li a donne,
Duquel se tient tresbien paie,
Car il est si bon et si bel,
Que Ten ne trouverroit nul tel.
Si vous vueil deviser la taille
De ce faucon royal sans faille

Vecy la devise (Tun bel faucon.

Le faucon est sor et ramage ,
Sain et entier, de gros plumage,
De large siege bas assis ;
Plus bel en est a mon devis,

* Some of Ihe lines in tlie upper part of thi^ column are very indislinct, a
few letters are quite lost, and those which are here put in italics are not
very certain.

312 RELIQUI.E ANTIQUiE.

Pie de buctor a se me semble,
Longue et bien coulouree cengle,

/. 2, y. Et le talon et le charnier ;

Le petit doy scet bien croisier ;
Les ongles noir comme corbeau,
De quoy il a le pie plus beau;
Jambe courte ct un poy grossette;
Cuisse de faisant rondelette ;
Et si a si large la met,
Que poy y pert ce qu'il y met;
Gros bec dont la cire ressamble
De couleur a la dicte cengle;
Grans narinez, hardi visage,
A maniere d'aigle sauvage ;
Grosses espaulez et lonc vol ;
Et fait la bosse sur le col ;
Grosse queue faucon revers;
N'est pas de plumage divers,
Car est de blanchez plumes lees,
De vermeil apoint coulourees;
Et si Ta nature parti,
Tellement qu'il est bien parti ;
N'est pas si grant comme .j. gerfaut,
Mais sachies que petit s'en faut.
Si a le roy si grant plaisir
A le regarder et tenir,
Que je croy qu'il n'est nul avoir
Que voulsist du faucon avoir.
Si vous pri que nous regardon,
Se on devroit donner tel faucon
Pour ce blanc levrier desguise ;
II dit qu'il a queue de rat,
Groing de poisson et pie de chat;
Et ne mentent en ceste chose,
En ce texte fault avoir glose,
Car messeant chose seroit
A tout levrier qui porteroit
Queue de rat et pie de chat,
Ce seroit tresmauves achat.
Mais le faucon qu'ay devise,
Ne peut estre trop achette,

col. 2. Mesmement quant le roy de France,

II peut prendre si grant plaisance,
Ora le faucon sur le poing,
De tel maistre avoit bien besoing;

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU.«. 313

Car il sera bien gouverne ;
Le roy ou cheval est monte,
Si regarde ses fauconniers,
Qui ont oiseaulz sors et muyers,
Et de blans en de bis gerfaus,
Bien out .xxx. piecez doiseaulx.
Sy a le roy grant joie eu
De ce que ilequez a veu.
La est le maistre fauconnier,
Qui est un gentil chevalier
Si vont des oiseaulx devisant
Le roy et lui et ordinant
Lesquieulx ensemble voleront,
Et quant les grues trouveront;
Si voleront de leurs faucons,
Ou de .j. gerfaus qu'il out si bonz,
Voirs est qui sont a leur devis,
De rivierez en bon paiz,
Et de mareche et d'estanceaux,
Ou feront voler leurs oiseaulx.
A la riviere son venu,
Et li blondes et li chanu;
Mais la route long demoura
An trait d'un arc ou prez de la,
Ne nul 0 soy son chien menoit,
Fors trois ou quartre que on tenoit.
L'un des fauconniers dit au roy,
Sire, je vous di bien et vray,
Que j'ay trouve de bons oiseaulx ;
II sont la pres de ces ruissiaux.
Ce n'est pas cerf a destourner,
Qu'il convient tousdiz doubter.
Le roy un bien petit soubzrit
De ce que le fauconnier dit.
Le maistre fauconnier tenoit
Un faucon pui si bien voloit.

Wri.

2p

314 RELIQUI.B ANTIQUiE.

PROVERBS.

From MS. Harl. 3038, fol. 1, r", of the fifteenth century.

Do mon for thiselffe,

Wyl thou art alyve ;
For he that dose after thu dethe,

God let him never thryve, Qiiod Tucket.

Da tua, dum tua sunt. Post mortem, tunc tua non sunt.

Wsye mon if thou art, of thi god

Take part or thou hense wynde ;

For if Ihou leve thi part in thi secaturs ward,
Thi part non part at last end.

Too secuturs and an overseere make thre theves.

Hllll.

HISTORICAL NOTICES.

Selected from MS. Hale, 73, in the library of Lincoln's Inn, of the fifteenth
and sixteenth centuries.

Anno m. cccc. xj. Johannes Badby hereticus erat ignitus,
qui dixit sacramentum altarum non esse corpus Domini.

Anno m. cccc. xUiij. Edwardus, fihus Henrici sexti, natus
erat in festo sancti Edwardi.

Anno m. cccc. Ixxxiij. Hoc anno Edwardus princeps et
Ricardus frater ejus perierunt xxij. die mensis Junii. Iste
Edwardus nunquam fuit coronatus, licet regnabat post patrem
suum, ut dictum est, in anno precedenti ij. mensibus et xviij.
diebus, et soepelitur apud turrim Londonise, anno setatis suae
xij.

Anno m. cccc. Ixxxiiij. Anna Regina obiit veneno urgente.

Anno m cccc. xcij. Hoc anno, septimo die mensis No-
vembris, cecidit de sub firmamento lapis ingens tonitruahs in
ducatu Austrych, qui ponderabat cc. xL Ubros, de quo quidam
philosophus composuit quadraginta versus.

Anno m. cccc. xci.\. Hoc anno homo quidam nominavit se
Parkyn Warbecke, qui propter rebelUonem suam erat decol-
latus. Eodem anno dux de Clarence, aUas vocatus comes de
Warwycke, puer eUgans, erat occisus in turri de Londonia
xxviij. die Novembris. Sunt quidam auUci qui dicunt istum
Parkyn non decoUatum fui^^se, sed suspensum apud Tyburne

RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE. 315

cum magistro suo qui erudebat dictum Parkyn in omnibus
languagiis.

When qwene Anne was crownyd,

Sir John Dygby was beryed.

A m. d. iij. and thrytty,

Was the date of our Lord I say trewly.

Hllll

CHARMS.

From MS. Sloan. 88, of the fifteenth century.
A charmfor the hlody jlyxe.

In nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti, amen ! Stabat
Jhesus contra flumen Jordanus et posuit pedem suum et dixit,
" Sancta aqua per Deum." Te conjuro, Longius miles, lacus
Domini nostri Jeshu Cristi, lancea perforavit et continuo exivit
sanguis et aqua sanguis redempcionis, aqua baptismatis. In
nomine Patris, cessit sanguis ! In nomine Filii, recessit san-
guis! In nomine Spiritus Sancti non exeat sanguis gutta ab
hoc famulo Dei N., sicut credimus quod sancta Maria vera
mater est et verum infantem genuit Christum, sic retineantur
vene quam plene sunt sanguine ; sic restat sanguis sicut resticit
Jordanus quum Christus in eo baptizatus fuerat. In nomine
Patris et Filii, &c.

A charme to staunche bloode, in Englysche.

Jeshu that was in Bedeleme bore, and baptyste in flom Jor-
den, and stynte the water on the stone, stynte the blode of this
man N., thy servaunt, thorou^e the vertu of thy holy name,
Jeshu, and thy cosen swete seynte John. And say thes charme
V. tymes with v. pater noster, iij. the worsshyppe of the v.
woundes.

Hllll.

PROVERBS.

From MS. Douce, 15, and MS. Harl. 629, of the fifteenth century

Pees maketh plente,
Plente maketh pride,
Pride maketh plee,
Plee maketh poverte,
Povert maketh pees.
And therefore, grace growith after governaunce.

316 RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE.

From MS. Harl. 4294, of the fifteenth century.

Man, remember thy end,
And thou shalt never be shend.

From MS. Rawl. Oxon. Poet. 32, of the fifteenth century.

A yong man a rewler, recheles ;
A olde man a lechowr, loweles ;
A pore man a waster, haveles ;
A riche man a thefe, nedeles ;
A womman a rebawde, shameles,
Thes V. shalle never thrif blameles.

From MS. Harl. 2252, of the fifteenth century.

He that spendes myche and getythe nowghte,
And owith myche aiid hathe nowghte,
And lokys in hys purse and fynde nowghte,
He may be sory, thowe he seythe nowghte.

From MS. Harl. 116, of the fifteenth century.

He that hath a good neyghboure hath a good morowe ;
He that hath a schrewyd wyfe hath much sorowe ;
He that fast spendyth must nede borowe ;
But whan he schal paye a^en, then ys al the sorowe.

Kype and'save, and thou schalle have ;
Frest and leve, and thou schall crave ;
Walow and wast, and thou schalle want.

I made of my frend my foo,
I will beware I do no more soo.

Hllll.

A NAVAL'ANECDOTE.

From a manuscript in a private library, of the time of Queen Elizabeth.

I have heard a merie report. Shippes of sundry nations
Iving in a harbour in faire weather, the yong mariners were
climing and shewing feates of activitie, one of one nation to
outbragge the other. At length a nimble yoncker gettethe him
to the very toppe of the formaste, and raysing himselfe bolt
uprighte, turned round upon his foote without any staye, chal-
endging his antagonist, or any of the nation to do the like.
His antagonist presentley undertaketh the chalendge, but hav-
inge turned scarse halfe about, fell downe, and (as God would)
in his tumbhng by good hap caught hold of the shrowdes ; and
as soone as ever he had a httle recovered his spirits, being

RELIQUIiE ANTIQUJE. 317

halfe dead for feare, yet set a boulde countenance on the matter ;
and he also agayne with a loude voyce dared his adversarie or
any other of that nation to doe the like ; as though that which
befell him bv his errour, he had done of verey purpose.

Hllll.

THE SUMMONING OF TEROUANE.

From MS. Ariind. 26, fol. -55, v».

Tlie Sommacion of the cytie of Terevan, made the xxv. day
of June the vt^- yere of our saverain lord king Henry the eight,
to the captain and the inhahitantz of the sayd cytie, hy Blew-
mantell Pursevaunt.

My lordys and other the inhabitantz of this cytie, my lord
the heutenant-general of the forewarde and army of the right
high, right mighty, and most excellent prince the king of
Fraunce and of Englond, my soverain lord beyng here bye
hathe commaundyd me to somon you to yelde up this thys toune
that ye holde, and that within xxiiij. howres after this my
summacion; andyfye so do, ye schal have your HfTs and goods
savyd ; and in case that ye refuse soo to do, and yfF he take
hit by stronge hande and armye, he shall do all to be put to fyre
and blode, and upon that take avisement. And I desyre you
to make me an aunswere of youre wille and intencyon as touch-
ing the same.

The capitaneys names of the sayd cytie of Terevan,

The Lord Pont Deremy, capeteyn generall, "^
The Seneshall of Rouvergne. f M^^iiij. mi

The Lord of Sargus. Tsawdiers.

The Lord of Bournoville. 3

Wrf.

RECEIPTS FOR GUM AND INK.

From a manuscript written in the year 1511, in the possession of C. W.
Loscombe, Esq.

To make good gomefor ynke.
Take the whyte of oxeyron and make clere gleyr therof, and
take the bladder of an oxe, a cowe, or a swyne, that ys new,
and put theryn all the gleyre, and knett fast the bladder, and
hang hyt yn the sone, or yn the smoke, xl, dayes; then hast
thou good gome to serve for all maner enkys and for bokys.

318 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUjE.

To make texte ynke.

Take ij. unces of grene vitriole, and cast hym together yn a
quarte of standyng rayne water, and lett yt rest iiij. dayes,
and then take iij. unces of gome, and put therto, and lett yt
stond iij. dayes together and rest, and thru thou hast good ynke
for texte letter.

To make gome water.

Take a vessell with water and do yn gome, and lett yt stond
tyll hyt be all lyquyde, and yf thou have a quarte water, take
a quarte of gome, and then straye yt thorow a clothe, and then
put yn a glas and kepe ytt.

Hllll.

A TREATISE ON THE LENGTH OF THE DAYS
IN THE YEAR.

From MS. Harl. 941, of tbe fifteenth ccntury.

Thys tretis was made at Oxynforde be the New Kalendere
andprovedin allthe Universyty.

The xij. day of December ys the shortest day of the yere,
for the son aryseth a quarter of an owre after viij. and goth
downe iij. quarters after iij., and so that day ys vij. owres and
a halfe longe, fro the son arysse tyl the son goe downe.

Fowre wekes and vj. dayes after the foresayd xij. dayes, the
day encresyth an owre, And so the xv. day of Januare, the
son aryseth iij. quarteres off an owre after vij., and goth downe
a quartere after iiij. And so the xv. day is viij. owres and
half long.

Two wekes and iij. dayes after the forsayd xv. days, the
day encresyth an owre. And so the fyrst day of Februare, the
son aryseth a quartere after vij., and goth downe iij. quarteres
after iiij. And so that forsayd day ys ix. owres and halfe long.

Two wekes and ij. days after the forsayd fyrst day, tlie son
encresyth an owre. And so the xvij. day of Februare the son
aryseth iij. quarteres after vj., and so the xvij. day ys x. owres
and half longe.

Two wekes and on day after the forsaid xxij. day, the day
encresyth an owre ; and so the fourt day of Marche, the son
arysyth a quartere after vj. and goth downe iij. quarteres after
V., and so the fourt day ys xj. owres and half longe.

Saynt Gorg}'s day ys the xij. day of the monyth ; the son
aryseth at vj. and gooth downe at vj., and so the day ys xij.
owres longe.

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 319

Two wekes and a day after the forsayd iiij. day, the day
enkresyth an owre. And so the xix, day of marche, the son
arjseth iij. quarteres after v., and goth down a quarter after
vj. And so the xix. day ys xij. owres longe and half.

Two wekes and ij. dayes after the forsayd thrydde, day the
day enkreseth an owre ; and so the xix. day of April, the sonne
aryseth iij. quarteres after iiij., and gooth downe a quartere
after vij, And so the xix. day ys xiiij, owres longe and half,
fro son to son.

Two wekes and iiij. daes after the sayd xix. day, the day
enkreseth an owre. And so the vij. day of May, the son ar^-seth
a quarter after iiij., and goeth downe iij. quarteres after vij.,
and so the vij. day ys xv. owres longe and half.

Five wekes and j. days after the forsayd sevynt day, the
day enkreseth an owre ; and so the twelf day of June, the son
aryseth iij. quarteres after iij., andgoth downe a quartere after
viij., and so the xij. day of June 3^s the longyst in the yere,
for he ys xvj. owres and halfe longe.

Thre wekes and v. daes after the xij. day of June, the day
decreseth half an owre ; and so the viij. day of July, the son
aryseth att iiij. and goth downe at viij., and so ye viij. day of
July ys xvj. owres longe.

Two wekes and iij. dayes after the forsayd xix. daes, the
day decreseth an owre; and sothe vj. day of August, the son
arysyth iij. quarteres after iiij., and gothdown aquartere after
vij., and so the vj. day ys xiiij. owres longe andhalf.

Two wekes and on day after the forsayd vj. day, the day
decreseth an owre ; and so ihe xix. day of August, the son
aryseth a quartere after v., and goth downe iij. quarteres after
vj. And so the xxj. day of August ys xiij. owres and half
longe.

Two wekes and ij. daes after the forsayd xxj. day, the day
decreseth an owre, and so the vj. day of September, the son
aryseth iij. quarteres after v., and goth down a quartere after
vj. And so the vj. day ys xij. owres and half long.

The holi-rode day ys the xiiij. da}'. The son ariseth at vj.,
and goeth downe at vj.

Two wekes and a day after the forsayd vj. daj- of September,
the day dekreseth an owre ; and so the xvj. day of September,
the son aryseth a quartere aftere vj. and goth down iij. quarteres
aftre v. And so the xxj. day ys xj. oures and half longe.

Two wekes and a day after the forsayd xxj. day, the day
decresith an oure; and so the vj. day of October, the son ar}--
seth iij. quartcres aftere v., and goth down iij quarteres after
iiij. And so the vj. day ys x. owres and half longe.

320 KELIQTJI^ ANTIQUJK.

Two wekes and ij. days after the forsayd xxj. day, tlie day
decreseth an owre ; and so the viij. day of November, the son
aryseth iij. quarteres after vij., and goth down a quarter after
iij. And so the viij. day ys viij. oure and half longe.

Fowre weke and v. daes after the forsayd viij. daes, the
day decreseth an oure ; and so the xij. day of December ys the
shortest day in the yere, for the son aryseth a quartere after
viij., and goth downe iij. quarteres after iij. And so thatday
ys vij. oures and half longe.

Hllll

^SOP'S FABLE

THE TOWN AND COUNTRY MICE.

Wc have been favoured by Mr. George Burges, with an original version

of this fable from a MS. of the thirteenth century, in the British Museum.

The principal pecuHarity of the present version is, that it is stated in what

manner the two mice became acquainted Mr. Burges is inclined to think

that it is taken from a much older copy , and agreed closely with the original

Greek, although it would appear that Horace, when he put this fable into

Latin hexameters, could not have had the use of one so perfect as the pre-

sent. We take the opportunity of expressing a hope that Mr. Burges wiU

some day present to the learned world the result of his researches on ^sop'8

Fables, the extent and value of which have long been known in literary

circles.

[MS. Bib. Reg. 15 A. vii.]

Mus quidam de villa sua in qua natus et educatus fuit,
ad aliam transire voluit. Movit igitur iter facih pede; sed
longa via fessus ad nemus forte pervenit, et dum procedere non
posset, sub arbore resedit anxius, quia nec ire potuit, nec, quor-
sum ire debuit scivit. Dum ergo sedens sic solhcitus, viso
forte parvo foramine in arboris radice, illuc subintravit, se-
curam ibi noctem cupiens ducere. Erat autem in illo mus
silvestris habitator et hospes ; qui murem peregrinum statim
salutavit et benigne eum suscepit. Ille ergo de generis socio
gavisus cum eo resedit, et de substantia sua et vita interrogare
cepit, et si quid boni sibi facere posset, inquisivit. Cui mus
nemoris respondit, omnibus se habundare dicens, quge muribus
possunt esse necessaria; hbenter vellet eum tenere secum,
quamdiu velit, et, si hyemare veUt, ibi tota familia sibi prae-
beret obsequium ; et dixit se tria sextaria victum aUum {sic)
contraxisse ad hyemen, unum boni ordei, aliud nucis, tertium
glandis et aquse copiam. Placuit igitur fesso muri inventa

RELIQUI.« ANTIQU.E, 321

humanitas, placuit sibi etiam inventa societas, et oblatum com-
modum acceptavit. Contigit autem ut ipse uno die de foraminis
angustia querulosus fieri, et cibaria minus saporosa diceret.
Cui, cum sic loqueretur, alter mus benigne respondit et ait; — ■
" Iste cibus mihi bonus videturet sapidus, sed hoc facitusus:"
at ait mus urbanus, "si villam mecum adire vellesetmea gus-
tare cibaria, ni fallor, nunquam amplius ad ista redire curabis.
Et mus nemoris dixit, " placet utique vobiscum vadere, et
videam bona vestra, quse, si talia sunt ut dicitis, ad ista redire
non curabo." Summo igitur mane facto viam aggressi sunt, et
in meridie ad villam venerunt. Mus igitur ille precursor viam
ducit; habuit ad horrea,ad molendinum, ad cellaria,ad granaria;
et ait illi, " Hsec omnia ad me spectant, et aperta sunt nostrae
voluntati, et quserit ab eo quid sibi de istis videatur, et qualiter
placeant sibi, respectu illorum quae sunt in nemore :" et ille
respondit, nullam esse comparationem istorum ad illa : his itaque
factis, in granario hospitium locaverunt et pinguia fecerunt
convivia. Mus ergo ruris in ferculis delectatus, per Telum
juravit et superos se noUe plus redire ad nemus et ad macram
nemoris dietam. Itaque cum sic epulantur et gaudent, contigit
dominum domus adesse, et, reserato granario, intrare. Cujus
ad introitum, facta est confusio labiorum et mures fugere vide-
res. Mus ergo extraneus, angulorum ignarus quo fugeret, vel
ubi lateret non invenit ; novissime vero tota domo pererrato,
in rimulam se contraxit angustam. Post moram autem, viro
regresso, mures ad epulas redierunt et ad tabulas. Sed hospes
adhuc trepidus tristis sedit, et sine verbo. Cui mus domus
ait, " quare sodalis, curita sedes ad prandia tristis, et turbaris."
Ille respondit, " quia mihi cum cibis et gaudio, cum jam mors
sit in hostio." Et aliter dixit, " Quomodo ergo ita cito est mu-
tatus tuus animus, qui prius bona villae tantum commendasti :"
at ille respondit, " Vos vestra bona monstrastis mihi et mala
insinuare noluistis, unde et ego secure putavi vixisse. Sed modo
video pericula vestra et multiplices malorum causas homines
esse, et laqueos timere debetis, et mustelam hostem habetis;
catti quoque prsecipue cavendee sunt insidiEe quse vse vobis si
in manus incidentis. Sit ergo bona vestra vobis simul et mala
habere, quae natura concessit, mihi vero commoda multa dedit
natura nec magna mala contulit ; unde si mihi foramen meum
redditur vobis vestra granaria in perpetuum relinquo. Melior
est paupertas quieta et Iibera, quam periculosae divitise et
mavis gloria.

2q

322 RELIQUIiE ANTIQUiE.

A POEM AGAINST THE FRIARS AND THEIR
MIRACLE-PLAYS.

From MS. Cotton. Cleop. B. ii., of thefifteenth century. This curious
poem was kindly pointed out to us by John Bruce, Esq.

Of these frer mynours me thenkes moch wonder,

That -waxen are thus hauteyn, that somtyme weren under;

Amonges men of holy chirch, thai maken mochel blonder;

Nou he that syees us above, make ham sone to sonder !
With an I. and an O. thai praysen not Seynt Poule,
Thai lyen on Seyn Fraunceys by my fader soule !

First thai gabben on God that alle men may se,
When thai hangen him on hegh on a grene tre,
With leves and with blossemes that bright are of ble,
That was never Goddes son by my lente.

With an 0. and an I. men weven that thai wede,
To carpe so of clergy, thai cannot thair cred.

Thai have done him on a croys fer up in the skye,
And festned on him wyenges as he shuld flie,
This fals feyned byleve shal thai soure bye,
' On that lovelych lord, so for to lye.

With an O. and an I. one sayd ful stille,
Armachan distroy ham, if it is Goddes wille.

Ther comes one out of the skye in a grey goun,

As it were an hoghyerd hyand to toun,

Thai have mo Goddes than we, I say by Mahoun,

Alle men under ham, that ever beres croun.

With an 0. and an I. why shuld thai notbe shent,
Ther wantes noght bot a fyre that thai nere alle brent.

Went I forther on my way in that same tyde,
Ther I sawe a frere blede in myddes of his syde,
Bothe in hondes and in fete had he woundes wyde,
To serve to that same frer, the Pope mot abyde.
With an O. and an I., I wonder of thes dedes,
To se a pope holde a dische whyl the frer bledes.

A cart was made al of fyre, as it shuld be,

A grey frer I sawe therinne, that best lyked me ;

Wele I wote thai shall be brent by my leaute,

God graunt me that grace that I may it se.
With an 0. or an I. brent be thai alle,
And alle that helpes therto faire mot byfalle,

RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^. 323

Thai preche alle of povert, bot that love thai noght,
For gode mete to thair mouthe the toun is thurgh soght,
Wyde are thair wonnynges and wonderfully wroght,
Murdre and horehame ful dere has it boght.

With an O. and an I , For sexe pens er thai fayle,

Sle thi fadre and jape thi modre, and thai wyl the assaiie.

Hllll

WHAT IF A DAY OR A NIGHT OR AN HOUR.

The foUowing; early version of the two first stanzas of this popular song Is
taken from Sanderson'8 Diary in the British Museum, MS. Lansd. 241,
fol. 49. See Chappeirs National Airs.

What if a day or a night or an ower,

Crowne thy desires with a thowsand night contentinges,
Cannott the chaunge of a night or an howre,

Crosse thy dehghts with a thowsand sad tormentinges ]
Fortune, honore, bewtie, youth ar but blossoms dienge ;
Wanton pleasure, dotinge love, ar but shadowes flienge :
All ourjoyes are but toyes, idle thoughts dreaminge;
None hath power of one hower in thier Hves bereavinge.

Earth is but a poynt to the wourld, and a man
Is but a poynt to the wourldes compared center;

Shale then a poynt of a poynt be so vaine,
As to triumph in a silly poyntes adventure ?

AIl is hasard that we have, ther is nothinge bidinge ;

Dayes of pleasure ar like streams throughe faire medowes glid-

Weale or woe, time doth goe, in time no retorninge ,
Secrete fates guyde our states, both in mirth and mourninge.

HlUl.

A METRICAL PROVERB.

From MS. Cotton. Vespas. A. xxv.

After droght commyth rayne ;
After plesur commethe payne ;

But yet it contynyth nyt so.
For after rayne,
Commyth drought agajne,

And joye after payne and woo.

324 RELtQUliE ANTIQtJ^.

RECEIPTS, &c.

From MS. Sloan. 4, a volume of medical collectanea of the fifteenth
century, by William Wyrcestre.

For to tahe alle maner of hyrdys. Take whete or other
corne, and take jiise of dvvale and menche the corne theryn ;
and ley yt ther the byrdes hawnten, and wher they have eten
therof, they shalle slepe that ye may take them with youre
handes.

For to take fysche with thy handys. — Take groundis walle
that ys senchion, and hold yt yn thi handes, yn the water, and
alle fysche wylle gaddar theretoo.

For io melt steylL- — Take coporose and saU-peter and put
yn a styllatory of glasse, and stoppe the glasse that the eyre
go not owt ; and the fyrst water ys nowght, but the second ys
good and wyll melt steyll, I warrant yow.

Aqua vitce secundum fratem Johannem Wellys, ordinis mi-
norum conventusBryggewater. — Recipe herbam vocam warmot,
the tendernesse of bay trees,radyshe redesenelle,merch cerfoyle,
sowthernwod rewe an hanfulle, pyllyole ryalle, mawron cala-
mynt, redemyntes, pullyolle monteyn, mousehere, ocabyons.
I lyche moche an hanfuUe and a half ly verwort mayden here.
Y lyche moche ij. hanfulle souththyfelle, iij. handfulle herty-
strong, &c.

There he but ij. metallys and v. colours yn all blasyng of
armes, that ys to say ; sylver and gold metalles ; sabylls, aser,
gowles, synaper, and vertecolers.

Is thy pott enty, Colelent 1 Is gote eate y vy.
Mare eate ootys. Is thy cocke lyke owrs ?

Hllll

A DRINKING SONG.

From MS. Cotton. Vespas. A. xxv., of the time of Henry the eighth.

Fyll the cuppe, Phylype, and let us drynke a drame
Ons or twyse abowte the howse, and leave where we began.
I drynke to yow, sweteharte, soo muche as here is in,
Desyeringe yow to followe me and doo as I begin.

And yf yow wille not pledge,

Yow shalle bere the blame ;
I drynke to yow with all my harte,

Yf yow will pledge me the same.

Hllll

RELIQUI^ ANTIQUiE. 325

BURLESQUE RECEIPT.

From the " Academy of Compliments," I2mo. Lond. 1671. We insert it
hereas a modern version of asimilar burlesque printed at p. 250.

Take nine pound of thunder, six legs of a swan,

The wool of a frog,

The juice of a log,

Well parboird together in the skin of a hog,

With the egg of a moon-calf, if get it vou can.

The love of false harlots,

The faith of false varlets,

With the truth of decoys, that Avalk in their scarlets,

And the feathers of a iobster well fry'd in a pan ;

Nine drops of rain,

Brought hither from Spain,

With the blast of a bellows quite over the main ;

With eight quarts of brimston, brew'd in a beer can ;

Six pottles of lard,

Squeezed from a rock hard,

With nine turkey eggs, each as long as a yard ;

With a pudding of hail stones well bak'd in a pan :

These med'cines are good,

And approved have stood,

Well tempered together with a pottle of blood,

Squeez'd from a grasshopper and the nail of a swan.

Hllll.

PROPERTIES OF WINE.

From MS. Addit. 10106, of the fifteenth century.

Wyne of natur propurtees hath nyne,

Comfortithe courage and clarifiethe sighte,

Gladith the hert, licour moost dyvyne !

Helithe the stomake of his naturelle myghte.

Licour of licours! at festes makithe men lighte,
Clensithe woondes, engendrithe gentil blode,

Scowrithe the palet and feble heedis makithe wode.

jimi.

326 RELIQUI^ ANTIQU^.

BALLADS.

From MS. Bib. Reg. 12 B. I. fol. 160, in the handwriting of Ben Jonson.

Melancholy. To the iune ofthe ladies fall.

Alack ! my very lieart could bleed,

With sorrow for thy sake,
For sure a more undoubted knight,

Mischance did never take.

Mirth. To the tune of Salming's round.

There was a mad lad had an acre of ground,

And hee sold itt for five pounds ;
Hee went to the taverne and drank itt all out,

Unless itt were one halfe-crowne.

And as he went thence,
Hee mett with a wench,

And ask't her if she were willing,
To go to the taverne,
And spend eighteene pence,

And kiss for the t'other odd shilling.

HlllL

AN APOLOGY FOR ENGLISH GLUTTONY.

From MS. Harl. 2252, fol. 84, V, of the time of Henry VIII.

There was a merchaunt of Ynglond whyche awenturyd
unto ferre contres. When he had byn a monyth or more, there
dwellyd a grete lorde of that contre whyche badd this Englysse
merchaunte to dener. And when they were at dyner, the lord
bad hym prophesyas or myche good do hyt hym, and he sayd
he mervaylyd that he ete no better hys mete. And he sayd
that Englysshemen ar callyd the grettyste fedours in the
worlde, and one man wolde ete more then vj. of another
nacyoun, and more vetelles spend then in ony regioun. And
then the Englysshe merchaunte anssweryd and sayd to the
lorde that hyt was so, and for iij. reasonable cawsys that they
were servyd with grete plenty of veteyll ; one was for love,
another for phesyke, and the thyrde for drede. Syr, as
towchyn for love, we use to have mony dyvers metys for owr
frendes and kynnesfolke, some lovythe one maner of mete and

RELIQUIiE ANTIQU^. 327

some another, becawse every man shulde be contente. The
second cawse ys for phesyke, for dyvers maladyes that men
have some wyll ete one mete and some another, because
every man shold be pleasyd. The thyrde cause is for drede ;
we have so grete abowndance and plente in ower reahne, yf
that we shulde not kyll and dystroye them, they wolde dystroy
and devoure us, bothe beste and fowles.

HlllL

END OF THE FIRST VOLUME.

Wright, Printer,
12, Fulwood's Rents, Holborn.

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— -— r--7. 0CT23 1975

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